Operant response rate can be viewed as bouts, periods of alternating engagement and disengagement with ongoing schedules of reinforcement. Relatively few studies have examined the role of force and effort on engagement bouts. Moreover, those examining effort have used switch closure devices to define the response. Switch closures tend to overestimate the effect of effort because increasing the force requirement excludes low-force responses that previously activated the switch. In the present study, we examined the effects of effort using a force transducer, which allows us to record criterion responses that meet the force requirement and subcriterion responses that do not. The current study was conducted using four male Sprague Dawley rats. Each rat was run through a series of four conditions, each with a different combination of variable interval schedules (VI 30s, VI 120s) and force requirements (5.6g, 32g). Log survivor analyses of bout structure showed that increased force requirements decreased the rate of bout initiations. Additionally, when log-survivor functions were computed using only criterion responses, shifts in the function were less extreme than when all measured responses were used; the latter finding suggests exclusion of "subcriterion" responses in prior work has overestimated the effects of force on bout structure

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) was evaluated as a potential material for future bridge deck designs. Material characterization tests took place to identify potential challenges in mixing, placing, and curing UHPC. Biaxial testing was performed to evaluate behavior of UHPC in combined tension and compression stress states. A UHPC bridge deck was designed to perform similarly to a conventional concrete bridge deck, and a single unit bridge deck section was tested to evaluate the design methods used for untreated UHPC. Material tests identified challenges with placing UHPC. A specified compressive strength was determined for structural design using untreated UHPC, which was identified as a cost-effective alternative to steam treated UHPC. UHPC was tested in biaxial tension-compression stress states. A biaxial test method was developed for UHPC to directly apply tension and compression. The influence of both curing method and fiber orientation were evaluated. The failure envelope developed for untreated UHPC with random fiber orientation was suggested as a conservative estimate for future analysis of UHPC. Digital image correlation was also evaluated as a means to estimate surface strains of UHPC, and recommendations are provided to improve consistency in future tests using DIC methods. A preliminary bridge deck design was completed for untreated UHPC and using established material models. Prestressing steel was used as primary reinforcement in the transverse direction. Preliminary testing was used to evaluate three different placement scenarios, and results showed that fiber settling was a potential placement problem resulting in reduced tensile strength. The UHPC bridge deck was redesigned to incorporate preliminary test results, and two single unit bridge deck sections were tested to evaluate the incorporated design methods for both upside down and right-side up placement techniques. Test results showed that the applied design methods would be conservative for either placement method. / Ph. D.

Studiens syfte var att utvärdera hur elever på SFI utvecklar de syntaktiska kunskaperna i det svenska språket. Utifrån ett skriftligt nationellt prov jämfördes 15 elever på C-nivå med 15 elever på D-nivå. Texternas syntax analyserades med fokus på ordföljd vid topikaliserade huvudsatser samt bisatser. Jag använde mig av processbarhetsteorin som analysverktyg. Processbarhetsteorin är utarbetad av Pienemann och teorin har två grammatiska delar, en morfologisk del och en syntaktisk del. Teorins syfte är att, med hjälp av dess implikationella inlärningsgångar, beskriva var en inlärare befinner sig och vad som kommer härnäst i utvecklingen (Flymann, Mattsson &amp; Håkansson 2010 s. 15). Resultatet visade att D-eleverna använde bisatser i mycket högre utsträckning än C-eleverna. På grund av det ringa antalet satsadverbial gick det dock inte att fastställa att inlärarna gjorde skillnad på huvudsats- och bisatsordföljd. Resultatet av studien visade vidare att C-eleverna, med knapp marginal, topikaliserade sina huvudsatser i högre utsträckning. Osäkerheten kring faktorer som t.ex. skrivämnets påverkan gjorde att det inte gick att dra någon slutats i huruvida C-eleverna faktiskt hade mer kunskap gällande omvänd ordföljd. Studiens resultat visade att för att kunna göra en jämförelse med god validitet av elevernas syntax, hade det krävts ett kompletterande material till skrivningarna för att locka fram mer ovanliga grammatiska strukturer. Studiens resultat visade också att processbarhetsteorins inlärningsgångar stämmer väl med elevernas inlärningsgångar. / <p>Godkänt datum 2021-06-04</p>

The thesis discusses in detail some concepts of speech and prosody that can contribute to build a speech corpus for the speaker segmentation purpose. Moreover, the Elan multimedia annotator used for labeling is described. The theoretical part highlights some frequently used speech features such as MFCC, PLP and LPC and deals with currently most popular speech segmentation methods. Some classification algorithms are also mentioned. The practical part describes implementation of Bayesian information criterium algorithm in system for automatic speaker segmentation. For classification of speaker change point in speech, were used different speech features. The results of tests were evaluated by the graphic method of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and his quantitative indices. As the best speech features for this system were provided MFCC and HFCC.

There are an analysis of main business processes, inner and outer spheres of business where IS/ICT could be a merit in the thesis. Suitable information and communication technologies are chosen to support running a company which deals with cultural events organizing and restaurant activities.

This diploma thesis deals with the research of the effect of free surface flow forces on the rectifying element and consists of several parts. The first part processes and evaluates the measured values from a physical model. In the next part measurement is checked according to hydraulic laws. In the third part comparison of both methods is created.

The master thesis deals with layout optimizing of pre-assembly workplaces in company Automotive Lighting Jihlava. Identification of actual status and analysis of defects was provided. Based of this investigation two versions of future ordering were compared. One of them was chosen by multi-criterion evaluation and detail plan was plotted. Ergonomic analysis by software simulation and economic balance were done too.

1 Summary The presented thesis deals with mental disorders and their meaning in criminal law in general, not only from the law point of view, but even from the point of view of the psychiatry. It also deals with the insanity emphasized the biological criterion of insanity. It discusses in detail the legislation of the Czech republic and also the legislation in global. The definition of insanity doesn't exist in legislative, but the judicature and law theory work with the concept of two criterions of insanity - the biological and the juristic. The biological criterion of insanity means the mental disorder. Professionals use the International classification of diseases MKN - 10th revision as the correct explanation of the mental disorders. This classification system is neccessary for the determination of the right diagnosis. The classification consist of the scale from F0 to F99. There are groups of specific mental disorders like mental, behavioural and mood disorders (affective disorders) etc. The forensic importance of some mental disorders is higher than the others, therefore I mention only the some of them. In the description of the specific mental disorder are also used real cases. To determine the sanity of the offenders are used the certificated experts. Education, research, preventive treatment and...

In this reviewwe discuss methodology to ascertain the amount of information in given data sets with respect to determination of model parameters with desired levels of uncertainty.We do this in the context of least squares (ordinary,weighted, iterative reweightedweighted or "generalized", etc.) based inverse problem formulations. The ideas are illustrated with several examples of interest in the biological and environmental sciences.

La température est un paramètre crucial dans le fonctionnement du monde vivant, notamment de la machinerie moléculaire (les protéines) dont la stabilité et l’activité en dépendent sensiblement. Celles-ci sont souvent considérées comme étant équivalentes : si une protéine fonctionne, c’est qu’elle est stable, et vice-versa. Cependant, les protéines des organismes thermophiles, qui prolifèrent dans de températures élevées, sont stables à température ambiante, mais y présentent une faible activité. Cette dernière est optimale à la température de croissance de l’organisme hôte. Lorsqu’on parle de stabilité et d’activité protéique, la rigidité mécanique est souvent utilisée comme paramètre pertinent, offrant une explication simple et attractive à la fois pour la stabilité thermodynamique à haute température et au manque d’activité à des températures plus modérés. La réalité s’avère souvent plus complexe, et les mécanismes moléculaires reliant rigidité/flexibilité avec la stabilité et l’activité sont encore mal compris. Dans ce travail, nous abordons le problème au travers de trois systèmes. Nous avons examiné l’activation thermique des modes fonctionnels du domaine G de la protéine EF ainsi que les homologues mésophiles et thermophiles de la déshydrogénase Lactate/Malate. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en évidence l’existence d’un paramètre unique (la moyenne des fluctuations atomiques) permettant d’expliquer la dynamique de la protéine lysozyme près de son point de fusion, et ce quelle que soit la nature de l’environnement autour de la protéine (qui décale le point de fusion). Nos conclusions se basent principalement sur une approche in silico où la dynamique moléculaire et des techniques d’échantillonnage améliorées sont utilisées et sont complémentées par des expériences de diffraction de neutrons / Temperature is one of the major factors governing life as demonstrated by the fine tuning of stability and activity of the molecular machinery, proteins in particular. The structural stability and activity of proteins have been often presented as equivalent. However, the thermophilic proteins are stable at ambient condition, but lack activity, the latter recovered only when the temperature increases to match that of the optimal growth condition for the hosting organism. In discussing the protein stability and activity, mechanical rigidity is often used as a relevant parameter, offering a simple and appealing explanation of both the extreme thermodynamic stability and the lack of activity at low temperature. The reality, however, illustrates the complexity of the rigidity/flexibility trade off in ensuring stability and activity through intricate thermodynamic and molecular mechanisms. Here we investigate the problem by studying three study cases. These are used to relate the thermal effects on mechanical properties and the stability and activity of the proteins. For instance, we have probed the thermal activation of functional modes in EF G-domain and Lactate/Malate dehydrogenase mesophilic and thermophilic homologues and verified a “universal” scaling of atomistic fluctuation of the Lysozyme approaching the melting in different environmental conditions. Our conclusions largely rest on an in silico approach, where molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling techniques are utilized, and are often complemented with neutron scattering experiments