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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

The Prevalence of the Need for Esthetic Crown Lengthening in Post Orthodontically Treated Subjects

Konikoff, Bryan Marc 01 January 2006 (has links)
Prevalence information on excessive gingival display in post-orthodontic patients is limited. By studying one aspect, namely the size relationship of the clinical crowns of teeth, in an orthodontic population, we can begin to quantify their need for periodontal plastic surgery. In this two part study, 200 plaster models were used as subjects, followed by a clinical exam of 31 of those subjects. These models represented patients before and directly after orthodontic therapy, and the Part 2 clinical exams were performed at least five years later. The lengths and widths of the six anterior teeth were measured and these values were compared to known ideals. This study revealed a significant increase in the length of the maxillary anterior teeth over the three examinations, yet these values were still approximately 1.5mm shorter than ideal. The mean tooth width-to-length ratio was 87-88% for maxillary central incisors, clearly below the accepted "ideal." As well, 61-71% of maxillary central incisors exceeded allowable tooth width-to-length ratios, and 61% of subjects displayed asymmetry in gingival architecture. Although this study only examined one aspect of excessive gingival display, it is the first study to show that in a predominantly young, post-orthodontic population, the prevalence of non-ideal width-to-length ratios is greater than 65%, and that the presence of asymmetry is greater than 60%. Therefore, close interaction between the periodontist and the orthodontist is necessary to diagnose these conditions in order to provide patients with all options for improving their smile.
182

The Prevalence of the Need for Esthetic Crown Lengthening in Post Orthodontically Treated Subjects

Johnson, David Clark 01 January 2004 (has links)
The problem of excess gingival display is difficult to diagnose and treat. By studying one aspect of excess gingival display, namely the size relationships of the clinical crowns of teeth, we can begin to quantify reasonable goals of therapy. In this study, two hundred plaster models were used as subjects. These represented two hundred patients before and after orthodontic therapy. The six anterior teeth were measured for length and width and compared to known ideals. Teeth that did not meet ideal standards may require treatment. It was found that the mean tooth length after orthodontic therapy was approximately two millimeters shorter than ideal. The length of maxillary central incisors did not increase over the course of therapy. Eighty-five to ninety percent of maxillary central incisors exceeded allowable tooth width-to-length ratios. Twenty-nine to thirty percent of central incisors exceeded one hundred percent in their width-to-length ratio. Sixty-eight percent of patients displayed asymmetry in gingival architecture.
183

Modelování vybraných geometrických parametrů lesních porostů z dat leteckého laserového skenování / Modelling of selected forest geometric parameters from airborne laser scannig data

Sedláčková, Oldřiška January 2014 (has links)
Modelling of selected forest geometric parameters from airborne laser scanning data Abstract The main aim of this work is to approximate the shape of a tree crown with mathematically describable 3D shape based on airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. And consequently derive geometrical parameters describing the tree from this model. Included in the work is a custom designed algorithm based on angular segmentation. Measured results of this algorithm are then compared to an algorithm based on RANSAC and field measurement. The first part of this work describes airborne laser scanning, its use to derive characteristics of forest stands and individual trees and the theory of tree crown modelling. The next part contains a description of both algorithms and presentation of results and field measurements. The conclusion summarizes and evaluates the outputs of the custom angular segmentation algorithm and discusses its possible modifications. Keywords: airborne laser scanning, tree height, crown width, crown height, crown cover, crown volume, crown shape, RANSAC
184

Spolupracující obviněný / Cooperating defendant

Novotná, Kateřina January 2018 (has links)
The aim of the thesis is an analysis of the topical legal form of the cooperating defendant. It is divided into 5 chapters. In the first chapter there are given concepts of the crown witness and the cooperating defendant, added deliberation of de lege ferenda. In the second chapter the author gives particular principles of the prosecution and describes in what way the institution of the cooperating defendant influences them. The third chapter is devoted to the organized crime and the legal means which are applied to its prosecution. In the fourth chapter the modification of the institution of the cooperating defendant is decribed in detail. In this chapter the author points out the importance of the confession of the status of the cooperating defendant , the motivation, the verbal testimony, the protection of the cooperating defendant. Further the author takes a possible application of the institution of the hidden witness for cooperating defendant into consideration. In the last chapter the author gives cases, where an aplication of the institute of cooperating defendant is used. In the case studies the author especially aims at the testimony of cooperating defendent. The admission of the status of the cooperating defendant and what kind of punishment was given to the cooperating defendant in...
185

Análise biomecânica de resistência à fratura em dentes caninos artificiais de cães, com restauração metálica fundida e retentores intrarradiculares retos e curvos com núcleo - Estudo comparativo com análise por elementos finitos / Biomechanical analysis of resistance to fracture in artificial dog canine teeth with cast metal restoration and straight and curved intrarradiculares retainers with core - Comparative study with finite element analysis

Camargo, Sergio Luiz da Silveira 11 March 2016 (has links)
Os cães, por fatores diversos, acabam por apresentar dentes fraturados com ou sem exposição de polpa. Estas fraturas basicamente são identificadas como fraturas recuperáveis não complicadas, recuperáveis complicadas ou irrecuperáveis. As fraturas recuperáveis (localizadas apenas no esmalte e dentina) são tratadas com dentística restauradora. As recuperáveis complicadas (com lesões em esmalte, dentina e exposição do canal radicular) passam por tratamento endodôntico, podendo ser seguidas de restaurações metálicas. Os dentes mais comumente acometidos são os dentes caninos, superiores ou inferiores. Este trabalho em dentes artificiais simulando considerável destruição de sua porção coronal objetivou testar, após a adaptação da restauração metálica fundida, a resistência às fraturas no dente canino. Os dentes artificiais foram padronizados com uma técnica de replicação de raízes artificiais em molde de resina acrílica quimicamente ativada. Oitenta réplicas iguais de resina composta fotopolimerizável, padronizadas em tamanho e forma, foram construídas a partir desta técnica. Antes da reconstrução protética, aplicou-se o tratamento endodôntico, desobturação, preparo do canal radicular e moldagem. Proteticamente, um pino intrarradicular reto e outro curvo, ambos com núcleo para sustentar a coroa metálica fundida foram cimentados na porção coronal de cada raiz-réplica. Os núcleos e coroa metálica foram ambos ferulados ou estojados. Avaliou-se os dois tipos de restauração com pino intrarradicular curvos ou retos cimentados com cimento de fosfato de zinco ou resinoso para identificar o melhor conjunto restaurador. Os testes de resistência biomecânica de 80 raízes-réplicas foram divididos em 4 grupos com 20 corpos de prova para cada um dos grupos. Grupo 1: das raízes-réplicas com pino intrarradicular curvo cimentados com cimento resinoso. Grupo 2: das raízes-réplicas com pino intrarradicular curvo cimentados com cimento de fosfato de zinco. Grupo 3: das raízes-réplicas com pino intrarradicular reto cimentados com cimento resinoso. Grupo 4: das raízes-réplicas com pino intrarradicular reto cimentados com cimento de fosfato de zinco. Estes grupos foram submetidos a teste de força com pré-carga de 1,5 N, com velocidade de avanço constante de 0,05 mm por minuto em ponto pré- determinado (mésio-lateral vestibularizada) até ocorrência de fratura do conjunto ou parte dele em uma Máquina Universal Kratos. Com a avaliação biomecânica e estudo estatístico de Kruskall-Wallis, identificou-se que os dados obtidos não seguiram distribuição normal. Esta diferença mostrou-se com o p<0,05 na interpretação do teste. No caso de dados não paramétricos o post-hoc do Kruskal-Wallis foi o teste de U de Mann-Withney. Paralelamente, um estudo com análise de elementos finitos comparou os resultados obtidos. Não houve diferença significativa sobre o tipo de cimento utilizado ou que favorecesse o uso do pino reto ou do pino curvo, recaindo a escolha para o operador decidir de acordo com a melhor indicação para cada caso clínico / The dogs, by various factors, present fractured teeth with or without pulp exposure. These fractures are basically identified as recoverable fractures not complicated, recoverable complicated or unrecoverable. Recoverable fractures (located just on enamel and dentin) are treated with restorative dentistry. The complicated recoverable (with lesions in enamel, dentin and exposure of the root canal) need to undergo endodontic treatment, and may be followed by metallic restorations. The teeth most commonly affected are the canine teeth, upper or lower. This work on artificial teeth simulating considerable destruction of their coronal portions aimed to test, after the adaptation of the cast metal restoration, the fractures in the canine teeth. Artificial teeth were standardized with an artificial root replication technique in acrylic chemically activated resin impression. Eighty equal photopolimerized composite resin replicas, standardized in size and shape, were built with this technique. Before the prosthetic reconstruction, endodontic treatment, desobturation, root canal preparation and molding were done. Protetically an intrarradicular straight pin and another curved one, both to sustain core fused metal crown were cemented over the crown of each root replica. The cores and metal crown were both belted or sheathed. It was evaluated the two types of restorations with intrarradicular curved or straight pin cemented with zinc phosphate cement or resin to identify the best restorative set. The biomechanical resistance tests applied over the 80 replica roots were divided into 4 groups with 20 samples for each of the groups. Group1: roots with intrarradicular curved pin replicas cemented with resin cement. Group 2: roots with intrarradicular curved pin replicas cemented with zinc phosphate cement. Group 3: roots intrarradicular straight pin replicas cemented with resin cement. Group 4: roots intrarradicular straight pin replicas cemented with zinc phosphate cement. These groups were submitted to the test of strength with 1.5 N preload force, with constant speed rate of 0.05 mm per minute in a predetermined point (mesio-vestibular) until occurrence of fracture of the whole set or part of it in a Universal Machine Kratos. The Biomechanical evaluation and statistical study of Kruskall-Wallis, identified that the data obtained did not follow normal distribution. That difference showed up with the p < 0.05 in the interpretation of the test. In the case of parametric data post-hoc Kruskal-Wallis test of U of Mann-Whitney. At the same time, a study with finite element analysis compared the results obtained. There was no significant difference on the type of cement used or favoring the use of straight or curved intrarradicular pin, therefore it is up to the surgeon to decide according to the best indication for each clinical case
186

Relação entre crescimento e respostas ecofisiológicas em clones híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla submetidos à diferentes doses de adubação potássica / Relationship between growth and ecophysiological responses in clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids submitted to different potassium fertilization

Muianga, Maria Rosa Daniel 30 September 2013 (has links)
A necessidade de expansão da eucaliptocultura em áreas com déficit hídrico, leva à necessidade de entender os processos fisiológicos relacionados ao crescimento fundamentais para possibilitar a alta produtividade das florestas nessas áreas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adubação potássica no crescimento, respostas ecofisiológicas e nutricionais em clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, para tal, instalou-se na Estação Experimental de Ciências Florestais da ESALQ/USP em Itatinga-SP, em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico um experimento em blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 6 X 2 (seis clones e duas diferentes doses de adubação potássica) e parcelas retangulares de 25 plantas, nas quais as 9 centrais constituíram a parcela útil. A adubação de base foi uniforme em todo experimento, e aos três e oito meses de idade adubou-se as parcelas sem omissão de potássio com 50 e 78 Kg ha-1 de KCl respectivamente totalizando 140 kg ha-1 de potássio aplicados ao longo do experimento. A avaliação da absorção dos macronutrientes foi feita aos seis e quinze meses pós-plantio, em três indivíduos amostrados aleatoriamente de cada parcela. As avaliações de crescimento foram realizadas trimestralmente em todos os indivíduos da parcela, com início da medição da altura aos dois meses, área da copa aos quatro meses e DAP aos doze meses pós-plantio. A avaliação da eficiência e uso de água foi feita aos quinze meses com base na área foliar e nas características estomáticas dos clones, em quatro blocos, dos quais três árvores foram amostradas aleatoriamente. O folhedo foi coletado mensalmente em todas as parcelas, com início aos quinze meses de idade. Maiores crescimentos em altura, DAP e área da copa, foram apresentados pelos clones 2 e 6 caracterizados por apresentarem resistência ao estresse hídrico, e pelos clones 1 e 4 de moderada resistência. Sob omissão de potássio, os clones apresentam maiores densidades estomáticas acompanhadas pela redução no diâmetro dos estômatos. Houve variação do estado nutricional dos clones em função do material genético. A variação nas respostas dos clones à adubação potássica teve início aos doze meses para as variáveis de crescimento. Sob adubação potássica, os clones mostraram-se eficientes no uso da água, por apresentarem estômatos maiores em densidades menores, o que proporcionou maior crescimento. / The need for expansion of eucalyptus plantations in areas with water deficit, leads to the need to understand the physiological processes related to growth important to enable high forests productivity in these areas. In order to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilization on growth, nutritional and ecophysiological responses in Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clones an experiment was settled at the Experimental Station of Forest Sciences ESALQ/USP in Itatinga-SP in red-yellow latossols dystrophic, in a randomized block design in a factorial 2 X 6 (six clones and two different potassium fertilization doses) and rectangular plots of 25 plants, of which the 9 central plants were the useful plot. The basic fertilization was uniform throughout the experiment, and at 3 and 8 months, the plots without omission of potassium were fertilized with 50 and 78 kg ha-1 of KCl respectively, totalizing 140 kg ha-1 applied throughout the experiment. The macronutrients absorption evaluation was made at six and fifteen months after planting, in three random plants in each plot. Quarterly, growth evaluations were performed in all subjects, starting measuring heights at two months, crown area at four months and DBH at twelve months after planting. At fifteen months in four blocks, of which three trees were selected randomly, water use efficiency was evaluated, based on clone´s leaf characteristics and stomata. The litter was collected monthly in all plots, starting at 15 months. Highest increases in height, DBH and crown area were presented by clones 2 and 6 which are characterized by their resistance to water stress, and the clones 1 and 4 which are characterized by moderate resistance. Under potassium omission, the clones showed higher stomata densities accompanied by stomata diameter reduction. There was variation in the nutritional status of clones as a function of genetic material. The variation in the clone´s responses to potassium fertilization for the growth variables begin at twelve months. The clones were efficient in water use, because they have larger stomata in lower densities, which provided greater growth.
187

Avaliação do modo de falha de coroas ceramocerâmicas de zircônia em função do protocolo de resfriamento e do desenho de infraestrutura / Evaluation of the zirconia crowns failure mode depending on cooling protocol and framework design

Paula, Vitor Guarçoni de 31 May 2011 (has links)
As excelentes propriedades mecânicas da zircônia como elevada resistência flexural e tenacidade à fratura fez com ela fosse o material cerâmico de eleição para as coroas e próteses fixas posteriores. Porém, mesmo com elevadas propriedades mecânicas os problemas relacionados a fratura ainda persistem. Variáveis como a baixa condutibilidade térmica da zircônia e a falta de suporte das infraestruturas às porcelanas são indicadas como possíveis causas. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de verificar se a modificação do desenho da infraestrutura e a alteração do protocolo de resfriamento durante a fase de glaze são capazes de melhorar a resistência das coroas ceramocerâmicas com infraestruturas de zircônia. Quarenta coroas unitárias com infraestruturas de zircônia (IPS e.max ZirCAD) na forma de molares foram confeccionadas sobre preparos padronizados e divididos em 4 grupos: ZrCRP (coroas com infraestruturas convencionais e resfriamento padrão), ZrMRP (coroas com desenho de infraestrutura modificado e resfriamento padrão), ZrCRL (coroas com infraestruturas convencionais e resfriamento lento) e ZrMRL (coroas com desenho de infraestrutura modificado e resfriamento lento). As infraestruturas com desenho convencional apresentavam espessura uniforme de 0,5 mm e as com modificação apresentavam espessura de 0,5 mm acrescentadas da cinta lingual de 2,0 mm de altura e postes proximais com 3,5 mm de altura, ambos com 1 mm de espessura. As coroas foram cimentadas com cimento resinoso (Rely X ARC) sobre réplicas de resina composta do preparo. Estas coroas foram submetidas ao teste de resistência à fadiga por meio da ciclagem dinâmica em água (106 ciclos ou até a fratura com carga variando de 30-300 N). Um endentador de aço inoxidável aplicava a carga axialmente entre as duas vertentes linguais e vestibulares. A ciclagem era interrompida em intervalos de 125 mil ciclos a procura de danos com auxílio de estereomicroscopia. Ao final, as coroas fraturadas eram submetidas a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e as não fraturadas eram incluídas em resina epóxi e polidas sequencialmente para a análise dos danos. Cada corpo de prova recebeu escores de acordo com o tipo de falha apresentada. Utilizou-se o teste Kruskal-Wallis para verificar diferença estatística entre os grupos e o de Miller para as comparações múltiplas entre os grupos. Os resultados não indicaram diferença estatística entre os desenhos de infraestrutura, entretanto o resfriamento lento mostrou-se significativamente melhor na prevenção dos danos / The exceptional mechanical proprieties such as high flexural strength and fracture toughness make Zirconia anatural choice as material for posterior dental prosthesis. However, even with these properties, problems related to fracture persist. Low heat conductibility of zirconia and lack of support for veneering porcelain may be pointed as possible causes. The proposed study investigate if modifications on core design and cooling rate protocol during glaze firing are able to improve allceramic zirconia reinforced crows resistance. Forty molar zirconia reinforced single crowns (IPS e.max ZirCAD) were manufactured from standard abutment and divided in four groups: ZrCRP (conventional core design and standard cooling rates), ZrMRP (modified core design and standard cooling rates), ZrCRL (conventional core design and slow cooling rates) e ZrMRL (modified core design and slow cooling rates) (Até aqui ta bem escrito). The standards design Cores presented uniform thickness of 0,5 mm and the modified design Cores consisted of 0.5 mm thickness with a thick lingual margin of 2.0mm height, connecting to full contour proximal struts of 3.5 mm height, remembering that both the standard and the modified Core possess 1 mm of thick. Crows were luted with resin cement (Rely X ARC) on composite resin abutment replicas. These crowns were then subjected to motion fatigue in water (106 cycles or till fracture with 30-300 N varying load). A stainless steel indenter was used to perform axial load between buccal and lingual cusps. Mechanical cycling was interrupted at each 125000 cycles for damage investigation in a stereomicroscope. Fractured crows were submitted to scanning electron microscopy and not-fractured crowns were included in epoxy resin, longitudinally sectioned and sequentially polished for damage analysis. Each crown received scores according to the type of failure. Statistical analysis was carried out with Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons between groups were carried out with Millers test. Results did not show significant differences between infrastructure design, however low cooling rates statistically better results on damage prevention than standard cooling rates.
188

Estudo da variação dos atributos foliares nos níveis intraindividual, intrapopulacional e interespecífico / Leaf traits study in intraindividual, intrapopulational and interspecific level

Belo, Renata Martins 09 August 2013 (has links)
Ecologia funcional das plantas trata-se de uma nova abordagem dos dados que associa características morfológicas ou fisiológicas das plantas à sua função no ecossistema. Um único atributo pode estra relacionado a mais de uma função no ecossistema, assim a formação de esquemas de respostas ecológicas, através da associação de mais de um atributo, contribui para a realização de inferências mais seguras. Protocolos têm sido realizados com intuito de padronizar a coleta e análise dos dados, viabilizando a realização de análises globais e previsões mais seguras a respeito da mudança no uso do solo e aquecimento global. Porém, a ocorrência de variações dentro das espécies e em diferentes níveis de escala podem se tornar problemas para tais realizações. Nesse contexto o presente estudo se propõe a avaliar possíveis fontes de variação, bem como avaliar as proporções de variação entre diferentes escalas. As escalas envolvidas foram dentro do indivíduo - foram coletadas dez folhas totalmente expostas nas posições Norte e Sul da copa, que conferem diferentes condições de luminosidade; dentro da mesma espécie ou intrapopulacional - foram coletas cinco indivíduos de cada espécie em cada uma das três subpopulações; e entre espécies - foram coletadas quatro espécies de plantas em cada local. Os atributos avaliados foram: espessura, área foliar específica, conteúdo de massa seca foliar, conteúdos de clorofila a, b e carotenóides, razão clorofila a-b e conteúdo de nitrogênio por massa seca. Os dados foram analisados segundo modelos mistos que verificaram a existência de interações entre as escalas. Em seguida foi realizado uma ANOVA ou um teste de Tukey para verificação se há diferenciação entre os atributos nas diferentes posições da copa. Foram gerados modelos que resultaram em proporções de variação dentro dos indivíduos, entre os indivíduos de toda a espécie, entre as subpopulações e entre as espécies. Também foram realizadas Análises de Componentes Principais para verificação da formação de conjuntos de atributos. Não houve diferença dos atributos foliares entre as duas posições na copa. Somente o conteúdo de nitrogênio apresentou interação na escala Espécie. Houve formação de diferentes esquemas de respostas ecológicas. Schefflera macrocarpa indicou características de espécie de crescimento lento e folhas com longo tempo de vida, Erythorxylum suberosum e Birsonima intermedia apresentaram características mais similares, mas B intermedia apresentou características de folhas de vida mais curta em relação a E suberosum,com investimento especial em clorofila a, que pode estar relacionado à arquitetura de copa da espécie. Symplocos oblongifolia apresentou características de folhas de vida curta. Uma variação marcante e inesperada foi a variação dentro dos indivíduos, que deve ser melhor estudada para averiguação de sua fonte. Estudos de arquitetura de copa, plasticidade fenotípica e que envolvam outras escalas menos detalhadas podem orientar o melhor entendimento das fontes de variação dos atributos foliares paras as espécies desse estudo. / Plant functional ecology is a novel approach that combines morphological or physiological characteristics of plants to the ecosystem function. A single attribute can be related to more than one function in the ecosystem, so the grouping some traits can be taken as ecology strategy schemes contributing to many inferences. Protocols have been undertaken to standardize the acquisition and analysis of leaf traits data, allowing the detection of global patterns that can be used in forecasts and policies regarding land use directions and global warming models. However, the occurrence of variations within the species at different scales would be a source of interference in the data acquisition procedures, affecting the reliability of the interpretation. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the variation regarding different scales using the proportion of variance of each trait in a group of species. The scales involved were: intra-individual - considering leaves exposed in the North and South canopy parts, which confer different lighting conditions; intra-populational - five individuals of each species in each of the three subpopulations; and interespecific - four plant species at each location. The attributes evaluated were thickness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, chlorophyll ab ratio and nitrogen content by dry weight. Data were analyzed using a mixed models technique to detect the existence of interactions between scales. Then an ANOVA with a Tukey test was performed to check for differences among attributes in different positions of the canopy. We used models encompassing the variations within individuals; among the individuals of all kinds, and among subpopulations among species. We also performed a Principal Component Analysis to explore the relations among sets of attributes at the different scales. We found no difference in leaf traits between the two positions in the canopy. Only the nitrogen content showed interactions at the species scale. The Schefflera macrocarpa showed characteristics of slow-growing species and leaves with long lifetime, and Erythorxylum suberosum and Birsonima intermedia showed similar trends but B.intermedia showed leaves with shorter life spam when compared to E. suberosum , with higher investment in chlorophyll a , which may be related to the canopy architecture of the species. Symplocos oblongifolia showed characteristics of short-lived leaves. We found an unexpectedly high variation within individual level, which should be further studied. Studies of canopy architecture, and phenotypic plasticity involving other scales would contribute to a better understanding of the sources of variation in leaf traits in the species used in this study.
189

Development of Crown Ether Nucleophilic Catalysts (CENCs) and their Application in Rapid Fluorination of Silicon for PET Imaging & Diversification Reactions of γ-Silyl Allenyl Esters to All-carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers

Unknown Date (has links)
In this dissertation, we discuss the development of new phase transfer agents, which are capable of rapid fluorination of silicon. These are 18-C-6 derivatives containing a hydroxyl group in the side arm (podand), also known as C-pivot lariats. The syntheses of these lariats including several that have not been previously reported and their efficient purification are described. The synthesis route leads to a robust and generalized approach to obtain these lariats on the gram scale. These agents were initially designed for applications in positron emission tomography (PET). In this medical imaging modality, tracer agents containing silicon have found promising utility as fluoride receptors for more rapid radiolabeling. Phase transfer agents are generally required for 18F-labeling due to the low solubility in organic reaction media and reactivity of cyclotron-generated [18F]potassium fluoride. We envisioned that 18-C-6 derivatives may serve as both phase transfer agents as well as nucleophilic catalysts (CENCs). In this conception, CENCs were rapidly pre-complexed with KF followed by silicon fluorination, which takes advantage of a previously established silicon dianion mechanism. In collaboration with researchers at the NIH, we studied the effect of various linkers connecting the metal chelating unit to the nucleophilic hydroxyl group on the radiofluorination of silicon under mild condition. A hydrolysis resistant aryl silicon fragment has also been developed that contains various functional groups for convenient attachment to the potential PET radiotracer agents. In a second project, we demonstrate the unique reactivity of γ-silyl allenyl esters. Taking advantage of the silyl group as a fluoride acceptor, these allenoates readily underwent addition to a variety of carbon electrophiles, including aryl fluorides, to afford all-carbon quaternary centers bearing an ethynyl group. Surprisingly, in the presence of aldehydes, exclusive bis-substitution occurs at the γ-position to afford the dicarbinol. Details relating to reaction optimization and substrate scope for both the reactions are presented. Dicarbinol allenes were subsequently converted to highly substituted δ-lactones, a novel 6-hydro-2-pyrone as single diastereomers. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
190

Estabilidade dimensional da resina acrílica para coroas provisórias em função de diferentes tipos de processamento / Dimensional stability of acrylic resin for provisional crowns for different types of processing

García-López, David Alejandro 27 April 2009 (has links)
A importância das restaurações provisórias no tratamento reabilitador oral é inquestionável. Os materiais utilizados para a elaboração deste tipo de restauração, também são de grande importância, tanto em função da técnica de manuseio como na qualidade e características dos mesmos, devido ao fato de que deles depende a longevidade, adaptação e qualidade das restaurações provisórias. O tipo de manipulação e a técnica utilizada influem nas propriedades físicas das resinas acrílicas, o que poderia causar falhas de adaptação. Por essas razões, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a estabilidade dimensional de uma resina acrílica (Dencor®), utilizada na confecção de coroas provisórias. Foram avaliados cinco tipos de processamento: I polimerização térmica utilizando líquido de polimerização rápida em mufla; II autopolimerização sob pressão em matriz de aço inox; III autopolimerização utilizando pincel; IV autopolimerização após mistura (pó + líquido) em pote dappen e inserção em matriz de aço inox na fase arenosa; V autopolimerização após mistura em pote dappen com inserção na matriz de aço inox na fase plástica. Para cada tipo de processamento foram confeccionados 10 corpos-de-prova. Foi avaliada sua estabilidade dimensional por meio de matrizes de aço inox confeccionadas seguindo a especificação da ADA No 19. Os corpos de prova foram armazenados em água destilada a uma temperatura de 37oC por 6 meses. Durante este tempo eles foram examinados com o microscópio óptico Mitutoyo com aumento de 20 vezes. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste de Tukey) em nível de 5% de significância. Dos resultados obtidos, observamos que todos os corpos de prova tiveram as alterações dimensionais nos primeiros 7 dias da pesquisa independente da técnica utilizada. Já nos dias 30, 90, 180 não foi observada nenhuma alteração dimensional estatisticamente significante. / The importance of the provisional restorations in the oral rehabilitation treatment is undebated. The materials used for the fabrication of this type of restoration, are, as well, of great importance, as much as in function of the processing technique as in their quality and characteristics, due the fact that of them depend the longevity, adaptation and quality of the restorations. The mixing and processing technique influence the physical properties of acrylic resins, what could interfere with the adaptation of the provisional crowns. For these reasons, the present study aimed at evaluating the dimensional stability of an acrylic resin (Dencor®), used for fabrication of provisional crowns. Five types of processing techniques were evaluated: I thermal polymerization using fast polymerization liquid and flask; II - autopolimerization under pressure in stainless steel matrix; III - autopolimerization using bead brush technique to build the sample; IV - autopolimerization after mixture (powder + liquid) in dappen dish and insertion in stainless steel matrix at the sand phase; V - autopolimerization after mixture in dappen dish with insertion in the stainless steel matrix at the plastic phase. For each type of processing technique, 10 samples were made. Dimensional stability was evaluated by means of steel matrices made following the ADA specification no 19. The samples were stored in distilled water at a temperature of 37oC for 6 months. During this time they were examined with the optic microscope Mitutoyo with 20x magnification. The results were subjected to the analysis of variance (Test of Tukey) at the significance level of 5%. From the results obtained, it could be observed that all samples had dimensional alterations in the first 7 days independent of the technique used. In days 30, 90, 180 there were no statisticaly significant dimensional alteration.

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