A method prepared and created algorithm for computations and evaluation of relation between Earth’s crust horizontal deformations and variations of tectonic stresses. Hooke’s law was used for relation description. Method of evaluation of Earth’s crust horizontal deformations was improved as well as modelling method based on observation data. Elements of deformation tensors were evaluated by applying finite element method. New data of Earth’s crust horizontal movements and their geodynamic interpretation at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant region were obtained.

What can 15th century France and heavy metal have in common? In Heavy Metal Humor, Gary Powell explores metal culture through the work of Mikael Bakhtin‘s “carnivalesque theory.” Describing the practice of inverting commonly understood notions of respectability and the increasing attempts to normalize them, Bakhtin argues that carnivals in Francois Rabelais’ work illustrate a sacrilegious uprising by the peasant classes during carnival days against dogmatic aristocrats. Powell asserts that Rabelais’ work describes cartoonish carnivals that continue in as exaggerated themes and tropes into other literary styles, such as comedy and horror that ultimately inform modern-day metal culture. To highlight the similarities of Bakhtin’s interpretation of Rabelais’ work to modern-day metal culture, Powell draw parallels to between Bakhtin’s carnivalesque theory and metal culture with two different, exemplary “humorous” metal performances, GWAR and Anal Cunt. Powell chooses “humorous” metal groups because, to achieve their humor, they exaggerate tropes, and behaviors in metal culture. To this end, Powell explores metal culture through GWAR, a costumed band who sprays their audience with fake body fluids as they decapitate effigies. He points out examples of Rabelais’ work which Bakhtin uses to describe carnivalesque tropes, and threads them to modern-day metal culture. Powell then indicates how carnivalesque performances amplify with Anal Cunt, a “satirical” hateful, grindcore group. In the band’s performance which is both serious and humorous at once, Anal Cunt draws on several carnivalesque behaviors. To dissect this band’s performance, Powell augments Bakhtin’s carnivalesque theory with Richard Schechner’s theory of “dark play” and Johan Huizinga’s “play communities” to more describe and illustrate why some aspects of modern-day metal culture do not match Bakhtin’s theory based on medieval French literature. However, carnivalesque humor becomes ambiguous and social and political problems arise as it escalates. As disrespectability is promoted, social and political tensions surface. Countering Bakhtin’s utopian notion of carnivalesque uprising, Powell highlights how socio-political turmoil presents itself in carnivalesque performance by referring to examples of confusion and concern regarding racism and sexism, something left unexplored in Bakhtin’s work. Powell suggests expanding and modernizing Bakhtin’s carnival could open pathways toward solutions to carnival culture’s socio-political ills.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IngridVA_TESE_Parcial.pdf: 1546645 bytes, checksum: 082397e35198d8c6624ddff83583508c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / without practical results so far. Protocols used in biotechnological cultured aquatic organisms aimed at increasing growth rates and disease resistance, have been studied and perfected. Among the available techniques, the application of chromosomal manipulation, although still nascent, is presented as a tool aimed at mitigating ecological and economical issues in shrimp farming. The polyploidization artificial method already employed in fish and shellfish, has been widely researched for use in farmed shrimp. Some limitations of this method of expansion in shrimp refer to a better knowledge of cytogenetic aspects, the level of sexual dimorphism and performance in growing conditions. To contribute on some of these issues, the present study aimed to characterize cytogenetic species Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda) and Artemia franciscana (Anostraca), analyze the effectiveness of methods for detection of ploidy, through the use of flow cytometry in processes of induction polyploidy cold thermal shock at different stages of development of newly fertilized eggs. Additionally, aimed also the qualitative and quantitative comparison of larval development between diploid and polyploid organisms, besides the identification of sexual dimorphism in L. vannamei, through geometric morphometrics. The results provide information relevant to the improvement and widespread use of biotechnological methods applied toward national productivity in shrimp farming / A melhoria gen?tica de planteis reprodutores, baseada no melhoramento cl?ssico tem sido tentada, mas sem resultados pr?ticos, at? o momento. Protocolos biotecnol?gicos utilizados em organismos aqu?ticos cultivados que visam aumentar as taxas de crescimento e resist?ncia a doen?as, v?m sendo estudados e aperfei?oados. Entre as t?cnicas dispon?veis, a aplica??o de manipula??o cromoss?mica, embora ainda incipiente, se apresenta como ferramenta voltada a mitigar quest?es ecol?gicas e econ?micas na carcinicultura. A poliploidiza??o artificial, m?todo j? empregado em peixes e moluscos, vem sendo largamente pesquisado para o uso em camar?es cultivados. Algumas limita??es da expans?o deste m?todo em camar?es se referem a um melhor conhecimento de aspectos citogen?ticos, do n?vel de dimorfismo sexual e performance em condi??es de cultivo. Visando contribuir sobre algumas destas quest?es, realizou-se ? caracteriza??o citogen?tica das esp?cies Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda) e Artemia franciscana (Anostraca), foi analisada tamb?m a efic?cia do uso da citometria de fluxo como m?todo de detec??o da ploidia em processos de indu??o artificial por choque t?rmico ? frio, em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento de ovos rec?m-fertilizados de Litopenaeus vannamei. Adicionalmente, visou-se, ainda, a compara??o qualitativa e quantitativa do desenvolvimento larval entre organismos diploides e poliploides, al?m da identifica??o do dimorfismo sexual em L. vannamei, por meio da morfometria geom?trica. Os resultados obtidos propiciam informa??es que contribuem para o aprimoramento e difus?o do uso aplicado de m?todos biotecnol?gicos voltados ao incremento da produtividade na carcinicultura nacional / 2020-01-01

title: Surface Wave Analysis and Inversion Application to the Bohemian Massif author: Mgr. Petr Kolínský, DiS. author's e-mail address: kolinsky@irsm.cas.cz departments: Department of Geophysics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague V Holešovičkách 2, Praha 8 - 180 00, Czech Republic and Department of Seismology Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic V Holešovičkách 41, Praha 8 - 182 09, Czech Republic supervisor: RNDr. Johana Brokešová, CSc. supervisor's e-mail address: johana.brokesova@mff.cuni.cz consultant: RNDr. Jiří Málek, PhD. consultant's e-mail address: malek@irsm.cas.cz keywords: surface waves, group velocity, phase velocity, frequency-time analysis, multiple filtering, tomography, inversion problems, Earth crust structure, Bohemian Massif An overview of surface wave analysis methods as well as of inversion techniques is given. Special attention is paid to the multiple filtering method for dispersion curve estimation, which is described by two different ways in detail. The isometric method is used for dispersion curve inversion and its description and tests are presented. Described methods are further used in applications. The applications show examples of surface wave analysis and inversion for 1D and 2D...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaOS.pdf: 1126102 bytes, checksum: dba464c890585c6be32a3fd2dc600a81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Sulfated Polysaccharides with unique chemical structures and important biological activities has been found in a diversity of sea invertebrates. For that, to exist a huger interest on the biotechnology field in the research theses sulfated compounds isolated from sea organisms. Despite the privileged brazilian position for these compounds attainment, there are still a few scientific informations about the isolated substances and their biological activities. A head the displayed, the present work has for objectives, to evaluate the pharmacological properties of the glycosaminoglycans isolated from the sea shrimp Litopenaeus schimitti on homeostasis, blood coagulation, leukocytes migration and platelet/leukocyte adhesion. For this, yhe glycosaminoglycans were extracted from crustacean tissues by proteolysis, fractionation with acetone and later submitted to pharmacological assays. The crustacean tissues showed compounds heparin-like, with anticoagulant activity of 45 IU/mg and 90 IU/mg, respectively. These molecules showed low residual hemorrhagic effects in the tested concentration (100 ?g/mL), when compared to unfractionated commercial heparin (UFH). Another dermatan sulfate-like compound, predominately constituted for disulfated disaccharides, was isolated from crustacean abdomen. This compound showed an efficient effect on leukocytes migration inhibition, in the concentration of 15 ?g/mL, reducing the cellular infiltration in 65% when compared to the controlled animals. In this same concentration, the DS reduced in 60% the protein concentration of the peritoneal exudates. In the concentration, this compound of 0.5 mg/mL, it was capable to reduce in 40% platelet/leukocytes adhesion. Our data demonstrate that these sulfated polysaccharides isolated from the shrimp L. schimitti will can be used as bioactive compounds, appearing as active principles for pharmacological development, anticoagulants and inflammatory response regulators / Polissacar?deos sulfatados com caracter?sticas estruturais distintas e importantes atividades biol?gicas t?m sido encontrados em uma diversidade de invertebrados marinhos. Por isso existe um grande interesse no campo da biotecnologia na pesquisa destes compostos sulfatados isolados de organismos aqu?ticos. No entanto, apesar da posi??o privilegiada do Brasil para a obten??o destes compostos, ainda s?o poucas as informa??es cient?ficas sobre as subst?ncias isoladas e suas atividades biol?gicas. Diante do exposto, este presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar os potenciais farmacol?gicos dos glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) isolados do camar?o marinho Litopenaeus schimitti, sobre a hemostasia, coagula??o sang??nea, migra??o leucocit?ria e ades?o celular. Para isso os GAGs foram extra?dos dos tecidos do crust?ceo mediante prote?lise, fracionamento com acetona e posteriormente submetidos aos ensaios farmacol?gicos. Os tecidos do crust?ceo, abd?men e cefalot?rax, apresentaram compostos semelhantes ? heparina (heparin?ides) com atividade anticoagulante de 45 UI/mg e 90 UI/mg, respectivamente. Estas mol?culas apresentaram baixo efeito hemorr?gico residual na concentra??o de 100 ?g/mL, quando comparada com a heparina comercial n?o fracionada (HNF). Um outro composto semelhante ao dermatam sulfato (DS), constitu?do predominantemente por dissacar?deos dissulfatados foi isolado do abd?men do crust?ceo. Este composto apresentou, na concentra??o de 15 ?g/?L, uma inibi??o significativa (P<0.01) da migra??o leucocit?ria, reduzindo a infiltra??o celular em 65% quando comparado com os animais controle. Nessa mesma concentra??o o DS reduziu em 60% a concentra??o de prote?nas do lavado peritonial. As an?lises qualitativas da composi??o celular do exudato peritonial foram similares ao encontrado para os animais controles em todas as concentra??es testadas. Na concentra??o de 0,5 mg/mL foi capaz de reduzir em 40% a ades?o das plaquetas aos leuc?citos. Os dados obtidos demonstram que estes polissacar?deos sulfatados isolados do camar?o L.schimitti podem vir a ser utilizados como compostos bioativos, podendo surgir como princ?pios ativos para o desenvolvimento de f?rmacos, anticoagulantes e moduladores da resposta inflamat?ria

La lithosphère continentale est physiquement et chimiquement segmentée. La cartographie des isotopes radiogéniques de roches plutoniques acides, représentatives de la croûte continentale, et de laves basiques, représentatives du manteau, possède des similarités avec la cartographie sismique de la lithosphère sous-jacente. Ces similitudes permettent d’interpréter les observations sismiques en étudiant leurs caractéristiques chimiques et leur âge. Les isotopes du plomb permettent de dater et d’identifier l’empilement de segments crustaux qui forment la croûte. L’écart des âges modèles du plomb avec d’autres systèmes identifie le recyclage crustal et le réchauffement de la croûte au dessus de la température du système plomb-plomb. Le système plomb-plomb donne également accès au sous-étudié rapport Th/U qui contraint la profondeur de la source des roches continentales. Certains échantillons de l’ouest U.S.A. proviennent de la croute inférieure, et se sont formés par l’extension crustale ou par un flux de matériel au sein de la croûte. Les isotopes du néodyme et de l’hafnium marquent la fusion du manteau lithosphérique enrichis sous le Colorado Plateau, une région où est observée le détachement du manteau lithosphérique sub-continental. Ce manteau fond par décompression adiabatique, par extension localisée ou remontée asthénosphérique engendrée par la convection locale. Au final, l’association des systèmes isotopiques du plomb, du néodyme, et de l’hafnium avec la sismologie est une approche puissante pour étudier la formation et la déformation de la lithosphère continentale. / Continental lithosphere is physically and chemically segmented. The mapping at a continent size scale of radiogenic isotopes from plutonic acid rocks, sampling the continental crust, and from mafic lavas, sampling the mantle, has similarities with the seismic mapping of the underlying lithosphere. These similarities allow to interpret the seismic observations by studying their chemical characteristics and age. Lead isotopes are used to date and identify the stacking of crustal segments that form the crust. The deviation of Lead model ages with other system is used to identify crustal recycling and the heating of the crust above the Lead-Lead system closing temperature. The Lead-Lead system also give access to the under-studied Th/U ratio that constrains the depth of the continental rock sources. Somes samples from the Western U.S. are coming from the lower crust, formed by crustal extension or crustal flowing within the crust. Neodymium and Hafnium isotopes identify the fusion of an enriched lithospheric mantle under the Colorado Plateau, a place where lithospheric delamination has been observed. This mantle melts by adiabatic decompression due to localized expansion or asthenospheric upwelling caused by secondary convection. At the end, the merging of Lead, Neodymium, and Hafnium isotopic systems with seismology is a powerful tool to study the formation and deformation of the continental lithosphere.

Forms of cavernous weathering - tafoni and honeycombs - belong to long-term investigated and discussed phenomena in geology. The reason for the difference in size between few centimetres- long honeycombs and the several-metres-long tafoni has not been yet studied. In my master thesis I compared the hydraulic properties of rocks with developed honeycombs and tafoni. The research consists of field measurements (measurement of suction pressures and capillary water absorption using Karsten tube) and laboratory measurements on tafoni and honeycomb samples (retention curve measurement, capillary water absorption, water vapour diffusion rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity). I have been studing honeycombs from various sites in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and tafoni from three different sites: Carbon Arkoses near Kralupy nad Vltavou, Cambrian Sandstone in Petra (Jordan) and Tunnel Spring Tuff in Crystal Peak (Utah). The measurements showed that values of suction pressure are far higher inside tafoni than inside honeycombs. This observation corresponds to different retention curves of studied rocks: steeper retention curve for honeycomb's quartz sandstone than for fine-grained arkosic sandstones to arkoses with tafoni. In the other part of my research I have compared the properties of hydrophobic...

Dans ce travail de thèse, nous analysons la structure crustale de la marge est-algérienne et du bassin adjacent (région d’Annaba), à partir d’un ensemble de nouvelles données acquises durant la Campagne SPIRAL’2009 incluant un profil sismique terre-mer de ~240 km de long, des lignes sismiques réflexion pénétrante 360-traces, et des profils gravimétriques et magnétiques. Nous avons par ailleurs disposé pour cette étude de données complémentaires incluant notamment un ensemble de profils de sismique réflexion offrant des résolutions complémentaires. La structure crustale ainsi établie nous permet de discuter les nombreux modèles cinématiques d’ouverture du bassin est-algérien proposés dans la littérature, afin de caler dans le temps la formation du bassin par rapport à la collision. Elle permet également de discuter la localisation de la déformation liée à la réactivation de la marge, par rapport aux grands domaines lithosphériques du système marge-bassin, afin de mieux comprendre les modalités de l’inversion. Dans le bassin profond, la modélisation directe des temps d’arrivée et des amplitudes des ondes réfractées et réfléchies met en évidence une croûte océanique anormalement mince de 5-5.5 km d’épaisseur, composée de deux couches. La première, de 2.2 km d’épaisseur, montre des vitesses comprises entre 4.8 à 6.0 km/s impliquant un fort gradient; la seconde de 3.3 km d’épaisseur, présente des vitesses comprises entre 6.0 à 7.1 km/s et un plus faible gradient de vitesse. La modélisation des temps d’arrivées des ondes S fourni pour cette couche un coefficient de Poisson de 0.28, indiquant qu’elle est majoritairement constituée de gabbros. / In this study, we determine the deep structure of the eastern Algerian basin and its southern margin in the Annaba region (easternmost Algeria), to better constrain the plate kinematic reconstruction in this region. This study is based on new geophysical data collected during the SPIRAL cruise in 2009 that included a wide-angle, 240-km-long, onshore-offshore seismic profile, multichannel seismic reflection lines, and gravity and magnetic data, which was complemented by the available geophysical data for the study area. The analysis and modeling of the wide-angle seismic data using travel-times and amplitudes, and integrated with the multichannel seismic lines, reveal the detailed structure of an ocean-to-continent transition. In the deep basin, there is an ~5.5-km-thick oceanic crust that is composed of two layers. The upper layer of the crust is defined by a high velocity gradient and P-wave velocities between 4.8 km/s and 6.0 km/s from the top to the bottom. The lower crust is defined by a lower velocity gradient and P-wave velocity between 6.0 km/s and 7.1 km/s. The Poisson ratio in the lower crust deduced from S-wave modeling is 0.28, which indicates that the lower crust is composed mainly of gabbros. Below the continental edge, a typical continental crust with P-wave velocities between 5.2 km/s and 7.0 km/s from the top to the bottom shows a gradual seaward thinning of ~15 km over an ~35-km distance.

Thesis: Ph. D. in Geochemistry, Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2016. / "February 2016." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references. / Fractional crystallization of mantle-derived basaltic melts is a critical process in producing a compositionally stratified continental crust characterized by a silicic upper crust and a mafic lower crust. This thesis explores outstanding questions associated with fractional crystallization through detailed field, petrological, and geochemical studies of the Dariv Igneous Complex in Western Mongolia. The Dariv Igneous Complex records the crystallization of a high-K primitive arc melt at shallow crustal levels, preserving both biotite-bearing ultramafic and mafic cumulates, as well as liquid-like evolved plutonics, such as (quartz-)monzonites. Chapter 2 presents comprehensive field and petrographic descriptions of the complex and establishes the petrogenetic groundwork to understand the conditions under which it formed. Results of this study indicate that the observed lithologies formed through the fractional crystallization of a high-K hydrous basalt, typical of alkali-rich basalts found in subduction zone settings, at 0.2-0.5 GPa and elevated oxygen fugacities. Chapter 3 presents a quantitatively modeled liquid line of descent (LLD) for the complex based on whole rock geochemical analyses, which is able to explain the trends observed in the monzonitic plutonic series observed in continental arcs. The oxygen isotope trajectory of fractionally crystallizing melts is rigorously constrained through modeling and mineral analyses in Chapter 4. This study indicates that large (1 to 1.8%o) increases in [delta]18O as a melt evolves from basaltic to granitic in composition due to the fractionation of low [delta]18O minerals. As such, the majority of [delta]180 values of upper crustal silicic plutonics can be explained through fractional crystallization of primitive arc basalts alone without needing to invoke assimilation of high [delta]18O crustal material. Finally, Chapter 5 explores the timescales associated with fractional crystallization through high precision U-Pb geochronology of zircon from the Dariv Igneous Complex. Evolution from a basaltic melt to a silica-rich monzonitic melt in the Dariv Igneous Complex occurred in <300 ka. If rates of fractional crystallization are primarily a function of cooling, this study provides an end-member constraint for fractional crystallization of a basaltic melt at relatively cool, shallow crustal levels. Together, these studies advance our understanding of the compositional, isotopic, and temporal variations associated with the formation of the continental crust. / by Claire Elizabeth Bucholz. / Ph. D. in Geochemistry

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