Rapid gravity filters used in the treatment of drinking water are subject to small continuously occurring flow rate fluctuations known as surges. Large, step changes in the rate of flow have been shown to have a detrimental effect on filtrate quality. However, less is known about the effects of surging flow on rapid filter performance. Measurements by previous researchers have found that surges from 2 to 10 % of the flow rate are common and can occur as many as one hundred times per minute. It has been suggested that surging may significantly influence rapid filter performance but the effect has yet to be confirmed under well-controlled conditions and the mechanisms critically examined. Measurements taken by this author at local water treatment plants confirmed the presence of surging flow in the rapid gravity filters of a similar nature to other researchers' findings. Evidence suggested the degree of surging present was related to the design of the filtrate piping and some design recommendations are made on this basis. Two rapid gravity filters were developed in the laboratory to investigate the influence of surging flow on filter performance. The filters were constructed from Perspex pipe and comprised 600 mm of 0.5 to 1.0 mm filter sand. The filters were operated at 30°C at an approach velocity of 8.0 metres per hour with a test suspension of PVC particles. Reproducible performance was established before applying surges to one filter only. A range of surging characteristics similar to those observed at full-scale plants was applied during the test programme. Measurements of head loss and turbidity were taken at a range of depths within the filter media periodically during each test. Samples were collected for particle size distribution analysis from selected tests. The surging flow was found to inhibit the performance of the laboratory filters. The fluctuations in flow rate were found to reduce the removal efficiency of turbidity' and retard the rate of head loss development. The surges were found to inhibit the removal of all particle sizes present in the test suspension. The magnitude of the effect on filter performance was found to be dependent on the magnitude and frequency of occurrence of the surges applied. The experimental results obtained suggest that surging does have an effect on full- scale rapid filter performance and has implications for drinking water quality.

Determina la prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. y Eimeria caviae en cuyes de producción familiar-comercial del distrito de Matahuasi, provincia de Concepción, Junín. Para los cual se obtuvieron 394 tractos gastrointestinales de un centro de acopio de cuyes, de crianza familiar comercial del distrito de Matahuasi, entre enero a marzo del 2017. Se recolectaron muestras de heces colectadas de la última porción de los tractos gastrointestinales y colocadas en bolsas plásticas debidamente rotuladas (la fecha de colección, etapa productiva y número de muestra) y conservadas en formol al 10%; para luego ser procesadas en el Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología, sección Parasitología de la FMV-UNMSM., utilizando los métodos de flotación de Sheather y Tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada para determinar la prevalencia de los protozoarios de Cryptosporidium spp y Eimeria caviae respectivamente. Se encontró una prevalencia de Cryptosporidium spp. y Eimeria caviae de 54.1± 4.9% y 4.1± 2.1 % respectivamente. / Tesis

Recent advances in the development of immunoassays and nucleic acid assays have improved the performance and increased the sensitivity of sensors that are based on biochemical recognition. The new approaches taken by researchers include detecting pathogens by detecting their nucleic acids, using new nontoxic reporter entities for generating signals, and downscaling and miniaturizing sensors to micromigration and microfluidic formats. This dissertation connects some of these successful approaches, thereby leading to the development of novel nucleic acid sensors for rapid and easy detection of pathogens. The author's goal was to develop diagnostic tools that enable investigators to detect pathogens rapidly and on site. While the sensors can be used to detect any pathogen, the author first customized them for detecting particularly Cryptosporidium parvum, a pathogen whose detection is important, yet presents many challenges. Chapter 2 of this thesis presents a novel test-strip for the detection of C. parvum. The test-strip is designed to detect nucleic acids rather than proteins or other epitopes. While test strips are commonly used for sensors based on immunological recognition, this format is very new in applications in which nucleic acids are detected. Further, to indicate the presence or absence of a specific target on the test strip, dye-entrapped, oligonucleotide-tagged liposomes are employed. Using liposomes as reporter particles has advantages over using other reporter labels, because the cavity that the phospholipidic membranes of the liposomes form can be filled with up to 106 dye molecules. By using heterobifunctional linkers liposomes can be tagged with oligonucleotides, thereby enabling their use in nucleic acid hybridization assays. The developed test-strip provides an internal control. The limit of detection is 2.7 fmol/mL with a sample volume of 30 mL. In chapter 3 the detection of nucleic acids by means of oligonucleotide-tagged liposomes is scaled down to a microfluidic assay format. Because the application of biosensors to microfluidic formats is very new in the field of analytical chemistry, the first part of this chapter is devoted to developing the design and the method to fabricate the microchip devices. The performance of the microchips is then optimized by investigating the interactions of nucleic acids and liposomes with the material the chips consist of and by passivating the surface of the chips with blocking reagents. The developed microfluidic chip enabled us to reduce the sample volume needed for one assay to 12.5 mL. The limit of detection of this assay was determined to be 0.4 fmol/mL. Chapters 4 and 5 expand on the development of the microfluidic assay. A prototype microfluidic array that is able to detect multiple analytes in a single sample simultaneously is developed. Using such an array will enable investigators to detect pathogens that occur in the same environment, for example, C. parvum and Giardia duodenalis by conducting a single test. The array's ability to perform multiple sample analysis is shown by detecting different concentrations of target nucleic acids. Further, the author developed a microfluidic chip in which interdigitated microelectrode arrays (IDAs) that consist of closely spaced microelectrodes are integrated. The IDAs facilitate electrochemical detection of cryptosporidial RNA. Electrochemical detection schemes offer benefits of technical simplicity, speed, and sensitivity. In this project liposomes are filled with electrochemically active molecules and are then utilized to generate electrochemical signals. Chapter 6 explores the feasibility of liposomes for enhancing signals derived from nucleic acid hybridization in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. SPR spectroscopy offers advantages because nucleic acid hybridization can be monitored in real time and under homogeneous conditions because no washing steps are required. SPR spectroscopy is very sensitive and it can be expected that, in the future, SPR will be integrated into microfluidic nucleic acid sensors. / Jüngste Fortschritte in der Entwicklung von Immuno- und Nucleinsäure- Assays haben die Arbeitsleistung und die Spezifität von Sensoren, die auf biochemischer Erkennung basieren (Biosensoren), verbessert. Neu entwickelte Methoden umfassen die Detektion von Pathogenen durch die Detektion ihrer RNA oder DNA, das Benutzen von neuen nicht-toxischen Reporter Molekülen, um Signale in Sensoren zu erzeugen, und die Verkleinerung und Miniaturisierung von Sensoren zu Mikromigrations- und Mikrofluid Formaten. Die in dieser Dissertation entwickelten Sensoren, die der Detektion von Pathogenen dienen, verbinden einige der neu entwickelten Methoden. Das Ziel der Autorin war es, Sensoren zu entwickeln, die es ermöglichen, Pathogene an Ort und Stelle zu detektieren. Die entwickelten Sensoren können zur Detektion von einer Reihe von Pathogenen benutzt werden. In dieser Dissertation sind sie für die spezifische Detektion von Cryptosporidium parvum entwickelte worden. Kapitel 2 der Dissertation präsentiert einen neuen Teststreifen für die Detektion von C. parvum. Der Teststreifen detektiert die RNA von C. parvum, die als Reaktion auf einen Hitzeschock produziert wird. Das Teststreifen-Format ist üblich für Sensoren, die auf immunologischer Erkennung basieren. Es ist jedoch neu für Anwendungen in denen RNA oder DNA detektiert werden sollen. Die An- oder Abwesenheit eines bestimmten Ziel Moleküls wird durch Liposomen, die Oligonukleotide auf der Aussenseite ihrer Membranen enthalten und mit Farbstoff gefüllt sind, angedeutet. Die Experimente zeigten, dass die mit dem entwickelten Test-Streifen kleinste detektierbare Konzentration von RNA in einem 30 mL Probenvolumen 2.7 fmol/mL ist. In Kapitel 3 ist die Signalerzeugung durch Liposomen in ein Mikrofliess-System integriert. Da die Entwicklung von Mikrofliess-Systemen ein sehr neues Forschungsgebiet ist, befasst sich ein Teil dieses Kapitels mit dem Design und der Herstellung des Microchips. Die Untersuchung von Interaktionen von Nukleinsäuren und Liposomen mit dem Material aus dem der Chip hergestellt ist und die Passivierung dieses Materials ist dabei ein Schwerpunkt. Das Probenvolumen, dass zur Detektion mit dem entwickelten Mikrofliess-Sensor nötig ist, konnte auf 12.5 mL reduziert werden. Die kleinste detektierbare Konzentration von Nucleinsäuren ist 5 fmol/mL. In Kapitel 4 und 5 erweitert die Autorin die Entwicklung des Mikrofliess-Sensors aus Kapitel 3. Das Detektionsformat ist auf ein Array, das für die gleichzeitige Detektion von mehreren Pathogenen benutzt werden kann, angewandt. Eine Methode zum Herstellen eines Arrays-Prototypen ist entwickelt. Ferner, stellte die Autorin verzahnte Mikroelektroden her und benutzte diese um die elektrochemische Detektion der RNA von C. parvum zu ermöglichen. In Kapitel 6 ist die Anwendbarkeit von Liposomen zur Erhöhung von Signalen von Nukleinsäure-Hybridisierungen in Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy (SPR) untersucht.

El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de Cryptosporidium sp. en caninos de comunidades campesinas, ubicadas en los distritos de Ajoyani; provincia de Carabaya; Palca y Santa Lucía; provincia de Lampa–Puno. Se recolectaron 123 muestras fecales de perros aparentemente sanos, de ambos sexos y diferentes edades, las que estuvieron comprendidas entre 1 mes y 16 años durante los meses de febrero y marzo del 2009. Las heces, fueron transportadas inmediatamente al Laboratorio del INIA-Quimsachata (Puno) donde se realizaron los frotices fecales, siendo fijados en metanol. Posteriormente se transportaron al Laboratorio de Parasitología de la FMV-UNMSM en Lima, para su diagnóstico; el cual se realizó usando la técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada. La prevalencia general de Cryptosporidium sp. fue de 26.8±7.8%, se hallaron prevalencias de 19.0, 28.6 y 28.4% en los distritos de Ajoyani, Palca y Santa Lucía, respectivamente; los machos y hembras presentaron prevalencias de 28.3 y 17.6%, respectivamente y según los grupos etarios de 0-6, >6-12, >12-72 y >72 meses fueron de 46.2, 31.3, 19.7, 29.4%, respectivamente. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado, con un nivel de significancia de 0.05. El análisis estadístico no mostró asociación significativa (p>0.05) entre este protozoo de caninos domésticos con el distrito, sexo y edad. Palabras clave: Cryptosporidium sp, protozoo, zoonosis, prevalencia, perros. / -- The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. in dogs of rural communities, located in the districts of Ajoyani; province Carabaya; Palca and Santa Lucia; province Lampa, Puno. Were collected 123 fecal samples from dogs apparently healthy, of both sexes and different ages, which were between 1 month and 16 during the months of February and March 2009. Feces were transported to the Laboratory of INIA Quimsachata (Puno) where are the faecal frotices being fixed in methanol. Subsequently were transported to the Parasitology Laboratory of the FMV-Lima, for diagnosis; which was performed using the Ziehl-Neelsen modified. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. was 26.8±7.8%, were found prevalences of 19.0, 28.6 and 28.4% in the districts of Ajoyani, Palca, and St. Lucia, respectively, males and females, showed prevalences of 28.3 and 17.6% respectively and according to age groups 0 -6,> 6-12,> 12-72 and > 72 months were 46.2, 31.3, 19.7, 29.4%, respectively. Was applied Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Statistical analysis showed no significant association (p> 0.05) between this protozoan of domestic dogs with the district, sex and age. Keywords: Cryptosporidium sp, protozoa, zoonoses, prevalence, dogs. / Tesis

Cryptosporidium parvum can cause debilitating disease in immunocompetent persons with cholera-like symptoms characterised by self-limiting, profuse diarrhoea; on the other hand asymptomatic infection with this organism frequently occurs. However, in immunocompromised patients, the disease is more severe and is lifethreatening. A pivotal aspect of the present survey was a comparative assessment of four commonly used staining techniques (viz. modified Ziehl-Neelsen, safranin-methylene blue, auramine phenol fluorescence and Sheather's sucrose flotation) for the detection and identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The Sheather's flotation method proved to be superior to the other three procedures which were not only less sensitive but also less specific. A modification of the Sheather's flotation technique was developed for use with diarrhoeal stools; this was found to be simple, reliable, costeffective and the least time consuming of the above methods; this was used exclusively in a subsequent survey of the association of Cryptosporidium infection with diarrhoea in hospitalised children. Although previous epidemiological surveys of cryptosporidiosis have been conducted in South Africa standardised methods have not been employed. This initial assessment of diagnostic techniques therefore provided a tool for accurately assessing the importance of Cryptosporidium as a causative organism of diarrhoea. In an extensive study performed on children younger than 10 years old, who were hospitalised with a primary diagnosis of diarrhoea at King Edward VIII Hospital, it was found that 9,0% (111/1229) were passing Cryptosporidium oocysts; this was the second most common enteric pathogen. In 72% (80/111) of patients with Cryptosporidium infections it was the only pathogen. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was highest during the months of February, March, April and May; direct correlation between the rainfall in the Durban area and the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was demonstrated (r = 0,6125). Cryptosporidium infection was more prevalent in the 4-6 month age group (p = 0,001). The fact that Cryptosporidium infections may be symptomatic in some individuals and asymptomatic in others, suggests that strain differences in respect of pathogenic potential may occur. A prerequisite to the investigation of strain differences was to increase parasite numbers; both in vivo and in vitro culture techniques were employed. Culture in chicken embryos failed to increase the parasite population and only limited areas of the chorio-allantoic membranes showed a few developmental stages. Cell cultures proved to be more suitable for Cryptosporidium growth and parasite numbers increased proportionally with duration in culture. Attempts at infecting suckling Balb/c mice were unsuccessful; however experimental infection of immunosuppressed adult rats facilitated the examination of various developmental stages of the parasite. Isoenzyme electrophoresis is an excellent method for demonstrating polymorphism in many species. Of the five enzyme systems that were tested, glucose phosphate isomerase, malic enzyme and phosphoglucose dehydrogenase proved to be the most promising. The electrophoresis of lysates, prepared from oocysts, in an agarose gel system was found to give adequate and reproducible resolution of isoenzyme patterns. Isoenzyme polymorphism could be demonstrated in oocysts harvested from the stools of four children. Such polymorphism has not been described previously and indicates a more extensive study to investigate strain differences, and to correlate these with the clinical histories of infected subjects. This approach may be invaluable in elucidating the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium infections in man. / Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1990.

2010 inträffade ett vattenburet cryptosporidiumutbrott i Östersund. På grund av dess omfattning ville vi studera hur medierna beskrev utbrottet. För att besvara det valde vi att studera följande tre tidningar: Länstidningen Östersund, Östersunds-Posten och Aftonbladet. De frågor vi ville besvara var: 1. Hur beskrev de tre utvalda tidningarna, Länstidningen Östersund, Östersunds-Posten och Aftonbladet, parasitutbrottet i rapporteringen? 1. 1 Användes specifika och återkommande ord i rapporteringen? 1. 2 Om så var fallet, vilka betydelser har dessa ord för rapporteringen? 1. 3 Vilka personer fick uttala sig i artiklarna angående utbrottet? Vår studies teoretiska ramverk bestod av: medielogik, nyhetsvärdering, riskkommunikation och nyheter vid kriser. Vi använde två metoder för att besvara frågeställningarna och dessa var kvantitativ innehållsanalys och retorisk textanalys. Alltså använde vi en kvantitativ metod som tillät oss att studera mönster och frekvenser i artiklarna samt en kvalitativ metod som tillät oss fördjupa oss i texternas innehåll. Vårt empiriska material bestod av totalt 197 artiklar och fördelningen mellan tidningarna var: 98 från LT, 84 från ÖP och 15 från Aftonbladet. 31 av dessa ingick i den retoriska textanalysen. Ett framträdande resultat var att alla tre tidningarna valde att beskriva cryptosporidiumutbrottet genom dramaturgiska mönster. I den kvantitativa innehålls-analysen var lokalvinkeln dominant, men i den retoriska textanalysen fann vi en annan vinkel som vi refererade till som brottsvinkeln. Ordet parasit var dominerande gällande hur själva smittan framställdes och i den retoriska textanalysen fann vi att parasiten gavs mänskliga egenskaper. De personer som främst fick uttala sig var myndighetsaktörer, vilka vi refererade till som elitpersoner.

Thesis (M.S. - Nutrition and Food Science)--University of Arizona, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-62).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2004. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-209).

Este estudo objetivou identificar a prevalência de cistos de Giardia sp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras de fezesde cães do município de Porto Alegre. As amostras foram analisadas através do método de Faust e cols, para pesquisa de Giardia e esfregaços de fezes corados com Zieh-Neelsen para pesquisa de Cryptosporidium. Foram comparadas as prevalências destes parasitos entre duas populações de cães: cães com proprietário provenientes de comunidades econômica e socialmente vulneráveis de Porto Alegre cães errantes recolhidos ao canil municipal. Foram avaliadas também as prevalênciasem duas faixas etárias: filhotes (idade até 12 meses) e adultos (12 meses ou mais) e quanto ao sexo. Através da aplicação de um questionário epidemiológico algumas variáveis ambientais e de manejo, como acesso à via pública, convivência com outros animais no domicílio e higiene do ambiente onde o animal vive, também puderam ser avaliadas. Das 454 amostras de fezes de cães examinadas, 18,5 %, apresentaram cistos de Giardia, não sendo identificada diferença significativa entre os cães com e sem proprietário. Na pesquisa de Cryptosporidium a prevalência foi de 6,34% nas 410 amostras analisadas. A prevalência encontrada em cães com proprietário foi maior 9,85 % do que os cães de rua 2,89 %. Comparando as faixas etárias, ambos os parasitos apresentaram maior ocorrência em filhotes, 32,65% positivo para Giardia e 11, 36% para Cryptosporidium. Quanto ao sexo não houve diferença significativa em ambos os parasitos. Na análise de variáveis ambientais e de manejo, foi observado que a convivência com outros animais no domicílio e o acesso à via pública não se constituíam como fator de risco para a ocorrência de ambos os parasitos estudados. No entanto, a condição de higiene do domicílio apresentou significativa associação com a ocorrência de cistos de Giardia, que não foi observado na ocorrência de oocistos de Crytposporidium spp. A prevalência de ambos os parasitos em cães assintomáticos coincide com o que é apresentado na bibliografia, que nos cães o significado patogênico das infecções por Giardia e Cryptosporidium é pequeno. Animais assintomáticos podem eliminar cistos de Giardia e oocistos de Cryptoporidium em quantidade significativa, no presente estudo (18,5% e 6,34 %, respectivamente) podendo atuar como fonte de infecção para outros animais, contaminando o ambiente e podendo, em situações especiais, vir a contaminar seres humanos (transmissão zoonótica). / This study aimed at identifying the prevalence of cysts of Giardia sp. and oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs of the municipality of Porto Alegre. The samples were analyzed by the method of Faust et al for the search of Giardia and fecal smear stained by Zieh-Neelsen technique for the search of Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of these parasites was compared between two populations of dogs: dogs with owners from economically and socially vulnerable communities of Porto Alegre and wandering dogs which had been taken to the Municipal Kennel. It was also evaluated the prevalence of the parasites in two age groups - puppies (age up to 12 months) and adults (12 months or more), and regarding their sex. By applying an epidemiological survey, some environmental and handling variables, such as management, access to public roads, coexistence with other animals at home and the hygiene of the place where the animals live could also be assessed. Of the 454 dog feces samples examined, 18,5%showed cysts of Giardia, not being identified significant differences between tne dogs with and without owners. In the search of Cryptosporidium the prevalence was of 6,34% of the 410 samples analyzed. The prevalence in dogs with owners was 9,85 % greater than in the street dogs 2,89%. Comparing the age groups , both parasites showed greater occurrence in puppies, 32,65% positive for Giardia and 11,36 % for Cryptosporidium. Regarding sex, there was no significant difference for both parasites. In the analysis of environmental and handling variables it was noted that the coexistece with other animals at home and the access to public roads did not constitute a risk factor for the occurrence of both parasites studied . However, the condition of hygiene of the domicile presented significant association with the occurrence of cysts of Giardia, which was not observed in oocysts occurence of Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of both parasites in asymptomatic dogs coincides with what it is found in the bibliography tha in dogs the pathogenic infection by Giardia and Cryptosporidium is small. Asymptomatic animals can eliminate cysts of Giardia and oocystis of Cryptosporidium in significant amount. In this study, 18,5% and 6,34%, respectively and they can act as a source of infection to the other animals, contaminating the environment which may, in special cases, come to infect human beings (zoonotic transmission).

Este estudo objetivou identificar a prevalência de cistos de Giardia sp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras de fezesde cães do município de Porto Alegre. As amostras foram analisadas através do método de Faust e cols, para pesquisa de Giardia e esfregaços de fezes corados com Zieh-Neelsen para pesquisa de Cryptosporidium. Foram comparadas as prevalências destes parasitos entre duas populações de cães: cães com proprietário provenientes de comunidades econômica e socialmente vulneráveis de Porto Alegre cães errantes recolhidos ao canil municipal. Foram avaliadas também as prevalênciasem duas faixas etárias: filhotes (idade até 12 meses) e adultos (12 meses ou mais) e quanto ao sexo. Através da aplicação de um questionário epidemiológico algumas variáveis ambientais e de manejo, como acesso à via pública, convivência com outros animais no domicílio e higiene do ambiente onde o animal vive, também puderam ser avaliadas. Das 454 amostras de fezes de cães examinadas, 18,5 %, apresentaram cistos de Giardia, não sendo identificada diferença significativa entre os cães com e sem proprietário. Na pesquisa de Cryptosporidium a prevalência foi de 6,34% nas 410 amostras analisadas. A prevalência encontrada em cães com proprietário foi maior 9,85 % do que os cães de rua 2,89 %. Comparando as faixas etárias, ambos os parasitos apresentaram maior ocorrência em filhotes, 32,65% positivo para Giardia e 11, 36% para Cryptosporidium. Quanto ao sexo não houve diferença significativa em ambos os parasitos. Na análise de variáveis ambientais e de manejo, foi observado que a convivência com outros animais no domicílio e o acesso à via pública não se constituíam como fator de risco para a ocorrência de ambos os parasitos estudados. No entanto, a condição de higiene do domicílio apresentou significativa associação com a ocorrência de cistos de Giardia, que não foi observado na ocorrência de oocistos de Crytposporidium spp. A prevalência de ambos os parasitos em cães assintomáticos coincide com o que é apresentado na bibliografia, que nos cães o significado patogênico das infecções por Giardia e Cryptosporidium é pequeno. Animais assintomáticos podem eliminar cistos de Giardia e oocistos de Cryptoporidium em quantidade significativa, no presente estudo (18,5% e 6,34 %, respectivamente) podendo atuar como fonte de infecção para outros animais, contaminando o ambiente e podendo, em situações especiais, vir a contaminar seres humanos (transmissão zoonótica). / This study aimed at identifying the prevalence of cysts of Giardia sp. and oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs of the municipality of Porto Alegre. The samples were analyzed by the method of Faust et al for the search of Giardia and fecal smear stained by Zieh-Neelsen technique for the search of Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of these parasites was compared between two populations of dogs: dogs with owners from economically and socially vulnerable communities of Porto Alegre and wandering dogs which had been taken to the Municipal Kennel. It was also evaluated the prevalence of the parasites in two age groups - puppies (age up to 12 months) and adults (12 months or more), and regarding their sex. By applying an epidemiological survey, some environmental and handling variables, such as management, access to public roads, coexistence with other animals at home and the hygiene of the place where the animals live could also be assessed. Of the 454 dog feces samples examined, 18,5%showed cysts of Giardia, not being identified significant differences between tne dogs with and without owners. In the search of Cryptosporidium the prevalence was of 6,34% of the 410 samples analyzed. The prevalence in dogs with owners was 9,85 % greater than in the street dogs 2,89%. Comparing the age groups , both parasites showed greater occurrence in puppies, 32,65% positive for Giardia and 11,36 % for Cryptosporidium. Regarding sex, there was no significant difference for both parasites. In the analysis of environmental and handling variables it was noted that the coexistece with other animals at home and the access to public roads did not constitute a risk factor for the occurrence of both parasites studied . However, the condition of hygiene of the domicile presented significant association with the occurrence of cysts of Giardia, which was not observed in oocysts occurence of Cryptosporidium. The prevalence of both parasites in asymptomatic dogs coincides with what it is found in the bibliography tha in dogs the pathogenic infection by Giardia and Cryptosporidium is small. Asymptomatic animals can eliminate cysts of Giardia and oocystis of Cryptosporidium in significant amount. In this study, 18,5% and 6,34%, respectively and they can act as a source of infection to the other animals, contaminating the environment which may, in special cases, come to infect human beings (zoonotic transmission).