Porto Alegre foi uma das doze cidades-sedes da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014. À época da sua candidatura e durante o preparo do evento, muito se divulgou acerca dos prováveis legados que a realização deste megaevento deixaria como retorno à cidade e seus habitantes. Diante disso, passados dois anos do fim da Copa, quisemos avaliar e descrever quais foram os principais impactos que sediar a Copa do Mundo deixou à Porto Alegre e seus (suas) habitantes no âmbito socioeconômico. Para cumprir com tal objetivo, fizemos um estudo de caso com enfoque qualitativo cuja coleta de dados deu-se através de pesquisa documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações e registros de campo. Para compreender como se dá a realização de um megaevento, fizemos um histórico de como os megaeventos surgiram, se desenvolveram e se firmaram partindo de sua base esportiva e de sua base dentro da sociedade capitalista e globalizada. Também refizemos o caminho histórico percorrido pelas cidades em busca da reestruturação urbana – propiciada pelos megaeventos. Ao analisar os dados, elencamos duas categorias relacionadas ao âmbito social (reestruturação urbana e política/legislação) as quais subdividiram-se em: moradia e especulação imobiliária, garantias à FIFA e legislação, mobilidade urbana e segurança e violência. Percebemos que as obras de mobilidade privilegiaram veículos motorizados individuais e interesses de empreiteiras. As remoções realizadas em nome da Copa do Mundo são (ainda) um ponto de resistência de inúmeras famílias e comunidades – as quais não suportam mais a violação ao seu direto de moradia. A polícia comprou inúmeras armas e munições para conseguir proteger a Copa – e não as pessoas. Com relação à legislação, criou-se no Brasil um estado de exceção, sob qual a FIFA e seus interesses foram soberanos. O dinheiro utilizado para as obras da Copa teve sua origem no fundo público, ao contrário do prometido inicialmente. O custo final apresentou uma redução em relação ao custo inicial, porém isso deveu-se apenas à retirada de inúmeras obras (de mobilidade, na maioria) que não ficariam prontas dentro do prazo. Tivemos a FIFA, as grandes empreiteiras, políticos e a iniciativa privada como vencedores da Copa – e o legado à população de Porto Alegre ficou esquecido diante de tantos processos de corrupção e lavagem de dinheiro que os grandes ligados à Copa se envolveram. / Porto Alegre was one of the twelve host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. At the time of its candidacy and during the preparation of the event, much was announced about the probable legacies that the accomplishment of this mega event would leave as a return to the city and its inhabitants. In view of this, two years after the end of the World Cup, we wanted to evaluate and describe the main impacts that hosting the World Cup left to Porto Alegre and its inhabitants in the socioeconomic context. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a case study with a qualitative approach which data collection took place through documentary research, semi-structured interviews, observations and field records. To understand how a mega event takes place, we made a history of how megaevents have emerged, developed and established themselves in sports within the capitalist and globalized society. Also, we make the historic path taken by cities in search of urban restructuring - propitiated by mega-events. In analyzing the data, we have listed two categories related to social scope (urban restructuring and politics / legislation) which were subdivided into: housing and real estate speculation, guarantees to FIFA and legislation, urban mobility and security and violence. It becomes evident that the mobility projects favored individual motor vehicles and the contractors. The removals made in the name of the World Cup are (still) a point of resistance of countless families and communities - which no longer support the violation of their housing right. The police bought numerous weapons and ammunition to protect the World Cup event- not the people. With regard to legislation, a state of exception was created in Brazil, under which FIFA and its interests were sovereign. The money used for the infrastructure works of the Cup had its origin in the public fund, contrary to the one promised initially. The final cost was reduced compared to the initial cost, but this was only due to the withdrawal of numerous infrastructure works (mostly for mobility) that would not be ready on time. We had FIFA, big contractors, politicians and private initiative as winners of the World Cup - and the legacy of the population of Porto Alegre was forgotten in face of so many corruption and money laundering scandals that the big Cup entrants got involved.

La coupe de Droop attique* est un vase sur pied haut, produit à Athènes dans la 2e moitié du VIe s. av. J.-C. et, plus exceptionnellement, dans le 1er quart du Ve avant J.-C. Par la forme de sa vasque et la distribution de son décor, elle se rapproche davantage de la coupe à bande des « Petits Maîtres », dont elle est très probablement une variante. Il n’y a eu jusqu’à présent que très peu d’études approfondies sur cette classe, John Percival Droop et Percy Neville Ure faisant figures de pionniers dans ce domaine. Pourtant, deux de ses potiers, Antidoros et Nikosthénès, ont été repérés par leurs signatures dès la fin du XIXe et du début du XXe siècles et une dizaine de peintres ou groupes de peintres ayant décoré des exemplaires de cette forme avait déjà été identifiée par John Beazley. Depuis les travaux de ces chercheurs dans les années 1950, de nombreux spécimens de coupes de Droop ont été découverts et publiés, sans toutefois être insérés dans une étude d’ensemble. Cette recherche de doctorat propose de revoir les informations anciennes livrées par l’archéologie des coupes de Droop, et d’analyser les nouvelles données à travers un corpus d’exemplaires découverts en Grèce du Nord, sur l’île de Thasos et dans sa colonie, Néapolis (Kavala). *Il existe un équivalent laconien. / The Attic* Droop cup is a vase with high foot, produced in Athens in the 2nd half of the VI and first quarter of the V century B.C. By the shape of its bowl and the distribution of its decoration, it is close to the Little Master band cup and very probably a variant of this one. Although two of its potters (Antidoros and Nikosthénès) were identified by their signatures from the XIXth century, there were until now very few in-depth studies on this class, John Percival Droop and Percy Neville Ure being real pioneers in this field. John Beazley established a list of less than about ten painters or groups of painters having decorated some of the Droop cups Since the works of these researchers in the Fiftie’s, numerous specimens of Droop cups were discovered and published, without having however been inserted into a more general study. This Ph.D. research suggests revising the former informations delivered by Archaeology of Droop cups, and analyzing the new data through a corpus of exemplaries discovered in Northern Greece, on the island of Thasos and in its colony, Néapolis (Kavala).*There is a Laconian equivalent.

Esta tese trata da constituição do campo esportivo (BOURDIEU, 1983) do futebol nos Jogos Olímpicos. Para apresentar a configuração dessa estrutura foi utilizada uma análise documental juntamente com a história de vida dos atletas brasileiros que participaram do torneio olímpico entre 1952 e 1988. O tema referente ao amadorismo e profissionalismo estruturou toda a tese. Os conflitos políticos em torno do COI e da FIFA pelo controle do futebol foram amparados na disputa de poder para estabelecer como seria definido o termo amador. As divergências sobre esse assunto fizeram com que a FIFA criasse a sua Copa do Mundo em 1930 e que o futebol ficasse fora do programa olímpico dos Jogos de 1932. Foi a partir desse debate que os múltiplos olhares em relação ao futebol e aos Jogos Olímpicos sustentaram a tese. Esses olhares foram construídos a partir da história de vida dos atletas brasileiros que defenderam o país no futebol, dos membros e presidentes do COI e da FIFA, dos dirigentes do COB e da CBD, depois CBF, e da imprensa que apareceu nos jornais Folha da Manhã, Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo, e nos Boletins Olímpicos do COI. Desse modo, construiu-se a tese de que foram os conflitos políticos entre o COI e a FIFA em torno do estabelecimento das definições da condição de atleta amador e profissional que ditaram os rumos do futebol olímpico e da modalidade no mundo / This thesis deals with the establishment of football as a sport field (BOURDIEU, 1983) in the Olympic Games. In order to present the configuration of this structure, a documental analysis was performed as well as the review of Brazilian athletes life history, since 1952 until 1988. The theme related to amateurism and professionalism has completely structured this thesis. Political conflicts developed in the relationship of COI and FIFA for control of football activities were based on the power dispute on how amateur should be defined. Deviations related to this subject lead to FIFA launching of its 1930 World Cup, and prevented football from being excluded in the Olympic Games of 1932. Rooted on this debate, multiple views related to football and Olympic Games maintained the thesis. Those multiple views were built upon the life history of Brazilian athletes that defended the country in football games, of members and presidents of COI and FIFA, of the leaders of COB and CBD, later on CBF, and upon press articles shown on Folha da Manhã, Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo diaries, as well as on COI Olympic Bulletins. In this way, it was built the thesis that political conflicts between COI and FIFA were the root for the establishment of the definitions on amateur and professional athlete conditions, which ruled the track of Olympic football, as well as professional football, worldwide

Esta dissertação tem como tema a Copa do Mundo de Futebol na televisão aberta brasileira. O objetivo geral é investigar como o Jornal Nacional constrói o mito do herói nas narrativas sobre os jogadores da Seleção Brasileira de Futebol antes da Copa do Mundo de 2014 e, a partir do momento que os jogadores e os resultados não inspiram confiança, verificar qual é a estratégia utilizada pelo telejornal para não se comprometer em relação à audiência. Integram o corpus desta pesquisa a Série Seleção, exibida antes do megaevento esportivo, e matérias veiculadas durante o Mundial de Futebol. O material foi investigado a partir da Análise de Conteúdo sistematizada por Bardin (2011). Com base nas reportagens analisadas fica evidente que o Jornal Nacional produz um discurso que constrói o herói antes da Copa do Mundo a fim de vender o produto no qual está calcada uma grande cobertura midiática. A Seleção Brasileira é apresentada como vencedora, mesmo antes da competição iniciar. Mas, quando o desempenho não é o mesmo que foi prometido nas histórias das façanhas heroicas dos atletas, a desconstrução dos personagens ganha força pelo uso do estereótipo negativo. Na fundamentação teórica deste estudo foram utilizados, entre outros, os conceitos de Campbell (1990, 2005), Eliade (1989, 2006), Jung (1977), Durand (1997), Morin (1989, 1997), Ferrés (1998), DaMatta (2006), Alsina (2009), Wolton (2006), Motta (2013) e Coutinho (2012). / This dissertation has as its theme the Football World Cup in the Brazilian broadcast television. The overall objective is to investigate how the Jornal Nacional builds the narrative hero myth about Brazilian national football team’s players before the World Cup in 2014 and, from the moment that the players and the results do not inspire confidence, find what is the strategy used by television news to don’t lose their audience. The corpus of this research choose “Série Seleção”, displayed before the mega sports event, and TV reports published during the World Cup. The investigation occurred with content analysis by Bardin (2011). Based on the reports analyzed it is clear that the Jornal Nacional produces a discourse that constructs the hero before the World Cup to sell the product in which it is modeled a large media coverage. Even before the competition starts, TV news present Brazilian’s team as winner. However, when the promised performance is not the same, increases the deconstruction of the athletes using negative stereotypes. In the theoretical framework of this study were used, among others authors, the concepts of Campbell (1990, 2005), Eliade (1989, 2006), Jung (1977), Durand (1997), Morin (1989, 1997), Ferrés (1998), DaMatta (2006), Alsina (2009), Wolton (2006), Motta (2013) e Coutinho (2012).

<p>Examensarbetet har genomförts på Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB i Finspång. Arbetet innebär modernisering av ventiler till ångturbiner. Uppgiften består av två delar, där den första delen är att modernisera dagens tätningar i spindelgenomföringen. Syftet är att finna en mer vibrationstålig, driftsäker och mindre utrymmeskrävande lösning. Det andra delprojektet är att finna alternativ till dagens tallriksfjädrar i de servomotorer som reglerar ventilen. Anledningen till att nya fjädrar skall tas fram är att öka livslängden, minska slitaget och utrymmesbehovet på servomotorerna.</p><p>För att kunna genomföra uppgiften på ett effektivt och strukturerat sätt har en metodik för systematisk konceptutvecklings används. Denna metodik har varit hjälpfull för att finna nytänkande lösningar. För att kunna dimensionera komponenterna har beräkningsmodeller tagits fram för de ångkrafter som verkar i en ångventil samt för olika typer av packboxar och fjädrar.</p><p>Arbetet med moderniseringen av spindeltätningar har resulterat i att en ny typ av packbox har valts som minskar friktionen samt behovet av efterdragning. Två olika lösningar har tagits fram för att skapa den förspänningskraft som gör att packningen tätar. Båda lösningar minskar behovet av underhållsarbete samt underlättar monteringen. En indikation ges även när rätt kraft är uppnådd, vilket minimerar risken för läckage eller att ventilen inte går att manövrera.</p><p>Analysen av servomotorer resulterade i att inga möjliga alternativ till tallriksfjädrar hittades. Modifieringar har därför tagits fram för att förbättra dagens tallriksfjädrar. Dessa ändringar innebär att slitaget minskas och livslängden ökas betydligt.</p> / <p>This thesis was preformed at Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB in Finspång. The work is to make modernizations of steam turbine valves. The first part of the project is to modernize stem packing with the purpose to find a more reliable and space-saving solution that is less sensitive to vibrations. The second part is to find an alternative solution for cup springs in servomotors. A new spring type is desirable to increase the lifetime, lower the wear on stem shafts and to make it more space-saving.</p><p>To be able to perform the task efficiently and organized a method for systematic design has been used. This method has turned out to be quite useful tool in order to find new approaches to problems. Calculations of steam forces in a valve together with different types of box packing and springs have been done.</p><p>The modernization of stem packing has resulted in a new type of box packing. The winnings of changing packing are lowered friction and need of maintenance. Two solutions of live load systems have been created. Both solutions minimize the need of maintenance and make the mount and dismount easier. An indication makes sure that a sufficient force is applied on the box packing.</p><p>An analysis shows no alternative to replace the existing cup springs. The main goal was changed and modifications were made to improve the cup springs. The modifications results in a lowered wear and a significant increase of cup spring lifetime.</p>

Examensarbetet har genomförts på Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB i Finspång. Arbetet innebär modernisering av ventiler till ångturbiner. Uppgiften består av två delar, där den första delen är att modernisera dagens tätningar i spindelgenomföringen. Syftet är att finna en mer vibrationstålig, driftsäker och mindre utrymmeskrävande lösning. Det andra delprojektet är att finna alternativ till dagens tallriksfjädrar i de servomotorer som reglerar ventilen. Anledningen till att nya fjädrar skall tas fram är att öka livslängden, minska slitaget och utrymmesbehovet på servomotorerna. För att kunna genomföra uppgiften på ett effektivt och strukturerat sätt har en metodik för systematisk konceptutvecklings används. Denna metodik har varit hjälpfull för att finna nytänkande lösningar. För att kunna dimensionera komponenterna har beräkningsmodeller tagits fram för de ångkrafter som verkar i en ångventil samt för olika typer av packboxar och fjädrar. Arbetet med moderniseringen av spindeltätningar har resulterat i att en ny typ av packbox har valts som minskar friktionen samt behovet av efterdragning. Två olika lösningar har tagits fram för att skapa den förspänningskraft som gör att packningen tätar. Båda lösningar minskar behovet av underhållsarbete samt underlättar monteringen. En indikation ges även när rätt kraft är uppnådd, vilket minimerar risken för läckage eller att ventilen inte går att manövrera. Analysen av servomotorer resulterade i att inga möjliga alternativ till tallriksfjädrar hittades. Modifieringar har därför tagits fram för att förbättra dagens tallriksfjädrar. Dessa ändringar innebär att slitaget minskas och livslängden ökas betydligt. / This thesis was preformed at Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB in Finspång. The work is to make modernizations of steam turbine valves. The first part of the project is to modernize stem packing with the purpose to find a more reliable and space-saving solution that is less sensitive to vibrations. The second part is to find an alternative solution for cup springs in servomotors. A new spring type is desirable to increase the lifetime, lower the wear on stem shafts and to make it more space-saving. To be able to perform the task efficiently and organized a method for systematic design has been used. This method has turned out to be quite useful tool in order to find new approaches to problems. Calculations of steam forces in a valve together with different types of box packing and springs have been done. The modernization of stem packing has resulted in a new type of box packing. The winnings of changing packing are lowered friction and need of maintenance. Two solutions of live load systems have been created. Both solutions minimize the need of maintenance and make the mount and dismount easier. An indication makes sure that a sufficient force is applied on the box packing. An analysis shows no alternative to replace the existing cup springs. The main goal was changed and modifications were made to improve the cup springs. The modifications results in a lowered wear and a significant increase of cup spring lifetime.

This study explores the ways in which a group of local fishermen in Durban understand and negotiate their categorical exclusion from a public space. Several months prior to the FIFA World Cup 2010 in South Africa, three piers on the Durban beachfront were closed for upgrading. The fishermen had used two of these piers for nearly three decades, but when they were re-opened, access for fishermen was no longer allowed. Working in the constructionist paradigm and within the field of Cultural Studies, this study describes the fishermen as engaged in the politics of signification through the organisation of public action. To explore their understandings I applied a qualitative, mostly ethnographic approach, and focused particularly on those fishermen who fish on the beachfront and are active in the KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence Fishermen’s Forum (KZNSFF), a body that represents the fishermen in the public sphere. The study shows that the fishermen are a heterogeneous group who understand their exclusion in different ways. This variety and complexity of understandings in effect works against collective action and posed a challenge to the leadership of the KZNSFF who sought to construct a coherent collective action frame. Drawing on Social Movement theory, two public protests in which the fishermen negotiated their exclusion were among the central focuses of this study. The first was held during the World Cup and organised by KZNSFF. The other protest was less coordinated and held after the World Cup. Both protests are analysed through comparison, and indicate the importance of access to resources of leadership. The role of the media in effective Social Movement Organisation (SMO) is discussed in terms of ‘media standing’ and the legitimisation of actions and position of speakers. Further, it is argued that the presence of democratic institutions does not necessarily lead to democratic decision-making as civil society is often demobilised by political society. Additional to public protests, the fishermen negotiated their exclusion in the letters to the editor section of local press. Argumentative discourse analysis is applied in the analysis of a sample whereby strategies of othering are identified. The letter writers were engaged in an unequal contestation in which different sets of stake-holders sought to define what counts as truth in relation to access to the Durban beachfront. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Packages made from coated paperboard are currently used in food packaging for frosted or microwave food. These cups are usually deep drawn from flat paperboard blanks. The blanks are pre-creased to control the material overflow that appears during drawing. The resulting wrinkles in the sealing area have to be considered as capillary tubes allowing the gas exchange between the package and the environmental atmosphere. A new technological approach in 3D forming enables the prevention of capillary tubes in the sealing area. The result is a gas-tight sealable paperboard cup which is limited by its coating concerning the degree of gas tightness.

The most common cause for revision total hip replacement surgey is aseptic loosening of the acetabular component. This thesis explores the effect of three techniques to improve the depth and quality of cemented acetabular component fixation in primary total hip replacement. This may have beneficial effects on the longevity of cemented acetabular components and reduce the rate of revision surgery for aseptic loosening. Aims: 1. Determine the effect of the rim cutter on cement pressure during cup insertion. 2. Examine the effect of the rim cutter on cement penetration distance. 3. Evaluate the effect of bone grafting of the acetabular notch. 4. Determine the effect of iliac suction during cement pressurisation. 5. Compare the behaviour of bone cement with Play Dough. Materials and Methods: 1. Sawbones hemi pelvis models were fitted with pressure transducers at the rim and apex of the acetabulum. Peak pressure was measured upon insertion of cups with different flange sizes and when the acetabulum was prepared with the rim cutter. 2. Foam cavities were used to measure the depth of cement penetration when the same cups and rim cutter were used. 3. Hemi pelvis models were modified to simulate bone grafting of the acetabular notch. Again, pressure sensors were mounted at the apex and rim of the acetabulum. Intra-acetabular cement pressure was compared with native acetabulae. 4. A back bleeding model of the acetabulum was fitted with a suction catheter. The effect on cement penetration into cancellous bone was measured compared with no suction. 5. Play Dough pressurisation and penetration into hemi pelvises and foam was compared to bone cement. Results: 1. Significant increase in peak apex and rim pressures when flanged cup inserted into an acetabulum prepared with the rim cutter compared with both flanged and unflanged cups alone. 2. Significant increase in cement penetration at the rim of the acetabulum when rim cutter used and flanged cup inserted when compared with flanged and unflanged cups alone. 3. Significant increase in intra-acetabular pressure when cement pressurised in presence of simulated acetabular notch bone grafting compared with normal acetabulae. 4. Significant increase in cement penetration distance when suction used compared with no suction. 5. Significant differences in the flow characteristics between bone cement and Play Dough. Conclusion: The authors recommend preparation of the acetabular rim with the rim cutter and bone grafting of the acetabular notch to improve the depth and uniformity of the cement mantle in cemented primary THA. Play Dough at room temperature is not a suitable substitute for bone cement in in-vitro cementing studies.