Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Marcus Nascimento Santos.pdf: 462545 bytes, checksum: 46bb8f8940f38566f10544863c83cbb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-25 / This work was made in the Research Institute Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) where two experiments were carried out in two steps. The first step had the following objectives: to study the attack behavior of subterranean termites over stakes of pinus trap in three areas of different compositions floristic seed source in the JBRJ, appointed by cerrado-JB, lawn - JB and forest-JB over one year. To study the environmental influences on the pinus baits attack by subterranean termites monthly over year of observation. The subterranean termites belonged to the species, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (areas cerrado-JB and lawn-JB) and Heterotermes longiceps (Snyder) (area forest-JB), (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The second step aimed to study botanical extracts with bioinseticida action for the control of subterranean termite, C. gestroi. In each area 6 blocks with three plot were buried stakes and collected and replaced monthly over 12 months. The stakes of Pinus sp were previously immersed in distilled water for three periods (0, 24 or 48 hours). The environmental variables were evaluated: luminosity (morning and afternoon), soil temperature (morning and afternoon), air temperature (maximum and minimum), rainfall, soil moisture, humidity, pH and carbon (C) organic soil. The results showed that the attack on baits of Pinus sp occurred all the year without a preference for different periods of immersion in distilled water. The peak of the attack on stakes occurred in months march and september. The environmental variables: humidity, soil moisture and rainfall had significant correlation with the attack on the stakes of Pinus sp by subterranean termites. C. gestroi attack had negative correlation with environmental variables. H. longiceps attack had negative correlation with humidity and positive correlation with soil moisture. The acid pH soil areas studied appeared to be helpful to the activities of the foraging termites. The amount of organic C available in the soil seems don t have influence on foraging activities of the two species of termites. The attack on baits of Pinus sp by the species C. gestroi was more severe that the attack by H. longiceps. In the second step the termites were exposed to seven treatments with five replications each for 20 days. The aqueous extract of the leaves of Melia azedarach, Tectona grandis, Carapa guianensis, Aspidosperma polyneuron, Myracrodruon urundeuva and Leucaena leucocephala, the concentration of 10%, were impregnated with pieces of corrugated cardboard. With the exception of L. leucocephala, which was lower consumption of cardboard, the other plant extracts and control (paper and distilled water) were also consumed. The insecticidal activity of the extracts of M. azedarach, M. urundeuva and T. grandis was responsible for 100, 100 and 95.38% mortality of termites, respectively. The extracts of L. leucocephala, A. polyneuron and C. guianensis showed no activity insecticide for the control of C. gestroi. / Este trabalho foi realizado no Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot?nico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) onde foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos descritos em duas etapas. A primeira etapa teve como objetivos: avaliar mensalmente ao longo de 12 meses estacas de Pinus sp como isca-armadilha para cupins subterr?neos em tr?s ?reas de composi??es flor?sticas distintas no arboreto do JBRJ, nomeadas de cerrado-JB, gramado-JB e mata-JB, e verificar a influ?ncia dos fatores ou vari?veis ambientais sobre o ataque as iscas de Pinus sp pelos cupins subterr?neos das esp?cies, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (?reas cerrado-JB e gramado-JB) e Heterotermes longiceps (Snyder) (?rea mata- JB), (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). A segunda etapa teve como objetivo avaliar extratos bot?nicos com a??o bioinseticida para o controle do cupim subterr?neo, C. gestroi. As estacas foram enterradas em cada ?rea em 6 blocos com tr?s parcelas cada e mensalmente coletadas e substitu?das ao longo de 12 meses. As estacas de Pinus sp foram previamente imersas em ?gua destilada por tr?s per?odos (0, 24 ou 48 horas). Foram avaliadas as seguintes vari?veis ambientais: luminosidade (manh? e tarde), temperatura do solo (manh? e tarde), temperatura relativa do ar (m?xima e m?nima), precipita??o pluviom?trica, umidade do solo, umidade relativa do ar, pH e Carbono (C) org?nico do solo. O ataque ?s iscas de Pinus sp pelos cupins subterr?neos ocorreram durante todo o ano e sem uma prefer?ncia do pinus sob diferentes per?odos de imers?o em ?gua destilada. O pico do ataque ?s estacas ocorreu nos meses de mar?o e setembro. Umidade relativa do ar, umidade do solo e precipita??o pluviom?trica tiveram correla??o significativa com o ataque ?s estacas de Pinus sp pelos cupins subterr?neos. Entretanto, para C. gestroi essas vari?veis ambientais tiveram correla??o negativa com o ataque as estacas. Para H. longiceps a umidade relativa do ar teve correla??o negativa e a umidade do solo positiva. O pH ?cido dos solos das ?reas estudadas pareceu ser prop?cio ?s atividades de forrageamento dos cupins. A quantidade de C org?nico dispon?vel no solo pareceu n?o ter influenciado a atividade de forrageamento das duas esp?cies de cupins. O ataque ?s iscas de Pinus sp pela esp?cie C. gestroi foi mais severo que o ataque por H. longiceps. Na segunda etapa do trabalho os cupins foram expostos a sete tratamentos com cinco repeti??es cada durante 20 dias. Os extratos aquosos das folhas de Melia azedarach, Tectona grandis, Carapa guianensis, Aspidosperma polyneuron, Myracrodruon urundeuva e Leucaena leucocephala, na concentra??o de 10%, foram impregnados em peda?os de papel?o corrugado. Com exce??o de L. leucocephala, cujo consumo do papel?o foi menor, os demais extratos vegetais e a testemunha (papel?o e ?gua destilada) foram consumidos igualmente. A atividade inseticida dos extratos de M. azedarach, M. urundeuva e T. grandis foi respons?vel por 100, 100 e 95,38% de mortalidade de cupins, respectivamente. Os extratos de L. leucocephala, A. polyneuron e C. guianensis n?o apresentaram atividade inseticida para o controle de C. gestroi.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004-Henrique Noronha Figueredo de Brito.pdf: 2218652 bytes, checksum: 99b76927025a1c7d2189d065209f2c9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-06-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work was a conducted at the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, objectifying to study the behavior of the Asian subterraneous termite Coptotermes gestroi under various aspects to find new strategies to manage this insect through the knowledge its ecology. The first experiment remained in the field from June 04th to July 28th, 2003 having as objective to monitor environmental variables that could be influencing the foraging of this termite in 13 selected areas with distinct visual characteristics, according to the type of vegetation, luminosity, proximity of constructed areas and humidity. The environmental variables considered were: morning and afternoon brightness; temperature of the soil in the morning and afternoon and soil moisture. The absence of foraging during the dry period of the year indicated that drought is one of the main factors for the movement of this subterraneous termite species. The subsequent experiments were performed in laboratory under dark environment and designed, as a randomized complete block design with split-plots. Each block consisted of a central container with humid substrate (vermiculite), linked to five other containers by tubes. Laborers and soldiers of C. gestroi were introduced in the interior of the central container, on the ratio of 5:1, totalizing 120 individuals. One of the experiments had as objective to verify their attractiveness to four woods, the survival of these individuals and the consumption of each. The odor of the wood exerted basic role in the consumption; the density of each one influenced on the period of permanence of the individuals while that the flavor was an important factor for the consumption, mainly, in longer periods. The second study evidenced the influence of two nitrogen sources (nitrate and ammonia) and three concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 molar) on the attractiveness and the consumption of treated wood. Positive influence in the wood consumption exists when nitrogen was applied. On the other hand, nitrogen. also exerted great influence in the mortality , caused by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizum anisoplae on the wood. However, nitrogen under ammonium form, resulted in lower comsumption preference and worse conditions for the development of M. anisoplae. / Este trabalho foi realizado no campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, objetivando estudar o comportamento do cupim subterr?neo asi?tico Coptotermes gestroi sob diversos aspectos para encontrar novos mecanismos de manejo atrav?s do conhecimento da ecologia desse inseto. O primeiro trabalho permaneceu no campo durante o per?odo de 04 de junho a 28 de julho de 2003, tendo como objetivo monitorar quais vari?veis ambientais estariam influenciando o forrageamento desse cupim em 13 ?reas selecionadas a partir de caracter?sticas visuais distintas relacionadas, ao tipo de vegeta??o, luminosidade, proximidade de ?reas constru?das e umidade. As vari?veis ambientais avaliadas foram: luminosidade de manh? e ? tarde; temperatura do solo, pela manh? e ? tarde; umidade do solo pela manh?. A aus?ncia de forrageamento durante o per?odo seco do ano indicou que a falta de umidade ? um dos fatores principais para a movimenta??o do cupim subterr?neo. Os experimentos subseq?entes foram realizados em laborat?rio com ambiente escurecido e montados, seguindo um mesmo modelo experimental de blocos ao acaso com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Cada bloco constituiu-se de um recipiente central preenchido com substrato ?mido (vermiculita) e interligado a outros cinco recipientes por interm?dio de tubula??es. No interior do recipiente central foram introduzidos oper?rios e soldados de C. gestroi, mantendo a propor??o de 5:1, totalizando 120 indiv?duos. Um dos experimentos teve como objetivo verificar a atratividade de quatro ess?ncias florestais ? sobreviv?ncia desses indiv?duos e o consumo de cada madeira. O odor da madeira exerceu papel fundamental no consumo e a densidade de cada uma influenciou no per?odo de perman?ncia dos indiv?duos sobre as mesmas enquanto que a palatabilidade foi fator preponderante para o consumo, mormente, em per?odos mais longos. O segundo estudo permitiu constatar a influ?ncia de duas fontes de nitrog?nio (nitrato e am?nia) em tr?s doses (0, 0.5 e 1 molar) sobre a atratividade e o consumo da madeira tratada. O estudo permite ainda verificar que existe influ?ncia positiva no consumo de madeira quando o nitrog?nio ? aplicado. Em contrapartida, esse mesmo nitrog?nio exerceu maior influ?ncia na mortalidade dos indiv?duos submetidos ao tratamento, em virtude da presen?a do fungo entomopatog?nico Metarhizum anisoplae sobre as estacas. No entanto, o nitrog?nio sob a forma amoniacal, apresentou menor prefer?ncia de consumo e piores condi??es para o desenvolvimento do M. anisoplae.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-13T13:52:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Barreto Santos.pdf: 883584 bytes, checksum: 8c172d2d89cd730277fc41a3b05b4e69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T13:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Barreto Santos.pdf: 883584 bytes, checksum: 8c172d2d89cd730277fc41a3b05b4e69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The arboreal termites that are part of the Brazilian fauna attack urban areas that have expanded into areas of wild vegetation. The urban trees when not follow the proper principles of planting and management, transforms the trees into nesting sites and feeding termites. Thus, arboreal species of termites begin to assume increasing importance as pests. This study aimed to identify the species of termites associated with tree species and verify, under field conditions, if these termites exhibit preference for nesting and foraging, in the sandbank area of Catalan Island, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. For this, 95 were chosen randomly planting rows of trees located in this area. These lines has traveled a path of 100 m, also randomly chosen, and during that route all the trees were inspected to verify the occurrence of termites. Termites found were collected, preserved in 70% alcohol for later identification. To assess the preferred nesting, all the trees were inspected for the presence nests of N. corniger. The occurrence of termites was registered in all tree rows sampled (n = 95). Of the total of 545 inspected trees, 77% were infested by termites, identified four species distributed into two families: three native species Termitidae (Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, Nasutitermes jaraguae Holmgren and Microcerotermes strunckii Soerensen) and an exotic species of Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). The most frequent species was N. corniger (?2 = 82.04, df = 3, p <0.001), occurring in 79% of infested trees, followed by N. jaraguae (6% of infested trees). The termite species least infested trees were found in C. gestroi (1%) and M. strunckii (1%). In general , the exotic tree species Albizia Lebeck is the most infested by termites and also exotic Leucaena leucocephala is less infested. 114 Nest establishment of N. corniger were identified, and the tree species Schinus terebinthifolius the most nidificada. So the trees of the Catalan's Island salt marsh area are infested with native and exotic termites, however, the native termite N. corniger is predominant. / Os t?rmitas arbor?colas que fazem parte da fauna brasileira atacam ?reas urbanas que expandiram sobre ?reas de vegeta??o silvestre. A arboriza??o urbana quando n?o segue os preceitos adequados de plantio e manejo, transforma as ?rvores em locais de nidifica??o e alimenta??o dos cupins. Dessa forma, esp?cies arbor?colas de cupins passam a assumir import?ncia crescente como pragas. Esse estudo objetivou identificar as esp?cies de cupins associadas a esp?cies arb?reas e verificar, em condi??es de campo, se esses t?rmitas exibem prefer?ncia para nidifica??o e forrageamento, na ?rea de restinga da Ilha do Catal?o, no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Para isso, foram sorteadas aleatoriamente 95 linhas de plantio de ?rvores localizadas nessa ?rea. Nestas linhas foi percorrido um trajeto de 100 m, tamb?m escolhido aleatoriamente, e durante esse percurso todas as ?rvores foram inspecionadas para verificar a ocorr?ncia de cupins. Os cupins encontrados foram coletados, preservados em ?lcool 70% para posterior identifica??o. Para avaliar a prefer?ncia de nidifica??o, todas as ?rvores foram inspecionadas quanto a presen?a de ninhos de N. corniger. A ocorr?ncia de t?rmitas foi registrada em todas as linhas de plantio amostradas (n=95). Do total de 545 ?rvores inspecionadas, 77% estavam infestadas por cupins, sendo identificadas quatro esp?cies distribu?das em duas fam?lias: tr?s esp?cies nativas de Termitidae (Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, Nasutitermes jaraguae Holmgren e Microcerotermes strunckii Soerensen) e uma esp?cie ex?tica de Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). A esp?cie mais frequente foi N. corniger (?2 =82,04; g.l.=3; p<0,001), ocorrendo em 79% das ?rvores infestadas, seguida por N. jaraguae (6% das ?rvores infestadas). As esp?cies de t?rmitas menos encontradas nas ?rvores infestadas foram C. gestroi (1%) e M. strunckii (1%). De maneira geral, a esp?cie arb?rea ex?tica Albizia lebeck ? a mais infestada pelos t?rmitas e a tamb?m ex?tica Leucaena leucocephala ? a menos infestada. Foram identificadas 114 nidifica??es de N. corniger, sendo a esp?cie arb?rea Schimus terebinthifolius a mais nidificada. Portanto, as ?rvores da ?rea de restinga da Ilha do Catal?o s?o infestadas por t?rmitas nativos e ex?ticos, no entanto, o t?rmita nativo N. corniger ? predominante