京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第19639号 / 社医博第72号 / 新制||社医||9(附属図書館) / 32675 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 今中 雄一, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 木原 正博 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23753号 / 医博第4799号 / 新制||医||1055(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中本 裕士, 教授 松田 秀一, 教授 山本 洋介 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, as primeiras investigações de dosímetros termoluminescentes (TLD), especificamente, os picos dosimétricos, rapidamente revelaram um número surpreendente de fenômenos que poderiam estar diretamente relacionados à densidade de ionização. Um pouco mais tarde, nos anos 80 e no início dos anos 90, a radiação aparentemente desconectada induziu fenômenos que foram descobertos em outros sistemas baseados em fluoreto de lítio (LiF). A última década, no entanto, testemunhou o surgimento de vários modelos, encabeçado através de uma compreensão mais profunda dos mecanismos TL subjacentes, bem como na modelagem micro dosimétrica e especificamente desenvolvida para explicar fenômenos de densidade de ionização. Muitas aplicações em radioterapia fornecem níveis de dose de radiação superiores a 1 Gy, porém em radiodiagnóstico estão na faixa de alguns mGy, e níveis muito altos de precisão são necessárias para promover o tratamento ideal. Isto exige uma atenção muito cuidadosa aos protocolos de medição altamente detalhados, bem como à calibração demorada de todos os TLDs para corrigir a não-linearidade da resposta à dose. Essas propriedades podem variar de lote para lote e também podem ser uma função da exposição à radiação, do aquecimento e histórico de manuseio. Deste modo, mesmo com excelentes avanços nos estudos do TLD com relação aos tratamentos térmicos e às formas de análise da curva de emissão TL, é necessário continuar os estudos a fim de possibilitar uma melhor utilização desta técnica na clínica. Uma análise computadorizada da curva de emissão (CGCA do inglês, computadorized glow curve analisys) foi implementada utilizando dados provenientes do software WinREMS de dosímetros TL que absorvem e armazenam a energia da radiação ionizante, reemitida na forma de fóton na região do ultravioleta visível. A luz emitida é, então, detectada por uma fotomultiplicadora e correlacionada à dose absorvida recebida pelo material. Os picos de emissão foram ajustados por meio de um algoritmo no programa MATLAB adotando-se o modelo de cinética de primeira ordem. O material testado foi o LiF:Mg,Ti (fluoreto de lítio dopado com magnésio e titânio) da marca Harshaw e a qualidade do ajuste foi determinada por um parâmetro chamado figura de mérito (FOM - do inglês, figure of merit). O menor FOM obtido para o grupo de dosímetros foi de 1,04 % e o maior foi de 9,79 %. Também foi avaliada a dose mínima detectável, utilizando o parâmetro que apresentou melhor desempenho, segundo a homogeneidade do grupo de dosímetros. O valor médio de dose mínima apresentado foi 28 µGy. Os resultados de reprodutibilidade, índice de variabilidade do detector (DVI - do inglês, device variability index) foi 14,01 %, que pode ser explicado pelo alto número de dosímetros no lote. Então, com a diminuição do tempo de preparo do dosímetro e com a análise computadorizada da curva de emissão, a utilização clínica do TLD torna-se mais viável, visto que não houve interferência na sensibilidade do dosímetro. Apesar de a reprodutibilidade ter sido a cima do esperado, é indicado uma correção individual para cada dosímetro e o descarte daqueles que apresentarem valores mais discrepantes comparado ao lote. / In the decades of 1960 and 1970, the first investigations of termoluminescentes dosimeters (TLD), specifically, the dosimetric peaks quickly revealed a surprising number of phenomena that could be directly related to the density of ionization. A little later, in the years 80 and 90 at the beginning of the year, seemingly disconnected radiation induced phenomena were discovered on other systems based on lithium fluoride (LiF). The last decade, however, has witnessed the emergence of several models, spearheaded through a deeper understanding of the underlying TL mechanisms as well as in modeling specifically developed for microdosimetric and explain phenomena of ionization density. Many applications in radiation oncology provide levels of radiation dose in excess of 1 Gy, however in diagnostic radiology are in the range of a few mGy, and very high levels of precision are necessary to promote the ideal treatment. This requires careful attention to the highly detailed measurement protocols, as well as the time-consuming calibration of all TLDs to correct the non-linearity of dose-response. These properties can vary from batch to batch, and can also be a function of exposure to radiation, heating and handling history. In this way, even with excellent advances in the studies of the TLD for the heat treatment and the ways of issuing TL curve analysis, it is necessary to continue studies in order to enable a better use of this technique in the clinic. A computerized analysis of the emission curve (CGCA computadorized glow curve analysis) was implemented using data from the WinREMS software of TL dosimeters that absorb and store energy from ionizing radiation, reissued in the form of photon in the visible ultraviolet. The light emitted is then detected by a photomultiplier and correlated to the absorbed dose received by the material. The emission peaks were adjusted by means of an algorithm in MATLAB program by adopting the model of first-order kinetics. The material tested was the LiF: Mg, Ti (lithium fluoride doped with magnesium and titanium) brand Harshaw and the quality of the fit was determined by a parameter called figure of merit (FOM- figure of merit). The smallest FOM obtained for the group of dosimeters was 1.04% and the highest was 9.79%. Also minimum detectable dose was evaluated, using the parameter that showed better performance, according to the homogeneity of the Group of dosimeters. The average value of minimum dose presented was 28 µGy. The results of reproducibility, index of variability of the detector (DVI-English, device variability index) was 14.01%, which can be explained by the high number of dosimeters in the batch. Then, with the decrease in the time of preparation of the dosimeter and the computerized analysis of the emission curve, the clinical use of the TLD becomes more viable, since there was no interference on sensitivity of the dosimeter. Although the reproducibility have been above expectations, indicated a single correction for each badge and the disposal of those who submit more discrepant values compared to the batch.

<p>A new European labeling directive (2003/89/EC) states that certain foods and products derived thereof must always be declared. Among the tree nuts specified is Macadamia nut (Macadamia spp.). During the last few years, cases of IgE-allergic reactions, even severe anaphylaxes, have been reported. Reliable methods for the detection of this nut are needed.</p><p>Protein from Macadamia nuts was isolated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS revealed two main protein bands of about 20 and 50kDa. These protein bands were cut and extracted from the gel and rabbits were immunized with each protein.</p><p>Immunoblotting showed dominant reactivity with the respective antigens. The antisera were further tested for specificity in immunodiffusion and in rocket immunoelectrophoresis.</p><p>In addition, a specific DNA-method was developed, based on Real-Time PCR using Macadamia vicilin as target sequence. Two different primer pairs were tested. Specificity was tested against potentially related nuts. Optimisation of primer and probe concentrations was performed. The limit of detection was 2-4 pg DNA, corresponding to a macadamia nut concentration of 50 to 100 μg per g. In a background of soybean DNA, down to 0,01 % macadamia DNA could be detected.</p>

Today everyone seems to agree that ultra-low permeability and shale reservoirs have become the potentials to transform North America's oil and gas industry to a new phase. Unfortunately, transient flow is of long duration (perhaps life of the well) in ultra-low permeability reservoirs, and traditional decline curve analysis (DCA) models can lead to significantly over-optimistic production forecasts without additional safeguards. Stretched Exponential decline model (SEDM) gives considerably more stabilized production forecast than traditional DCA models and in this work it is shown that it produces unchanging EUR forecasts after only two-three years of production data are available in selected reservoirs, notably the Barnett Shale. For an individual well, the SEDM model parameters, can be determined by the method of least squares in various ways, but the inherent nonlinear character of the least squares problem cannot be bypassed. To assure a unique solution to the parameter estimation problem, this work suggests a physics-based regularization approach, based on critical velocity concept. Applied to selected Barnett Shale gas wells, the suggested method leads to reliable and consistent EURs. To further understand the interaction of the different fracture properties on reservoir response and production decline curve behavior, a series of Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) simulations were performed. Results show that at least a 3-layer model is required to reproduce the decline behavior as captured in the published SEDM parameters for Barnett Shale. Further, DFN modeling implies a large number of parameters like fracture density and fracture length are in such a way that their effect can be compensated by the other one. The results of DFN modeling of several Barnett Shale horizontal wells, with numerous fracture stages, showed a very good agreement with the estimated SEDM model for the same wells. Estimation of P90 reserves that meet SEC criteria is required by law for all companies that raise capital in the United States. Estimation of P50 and P10 reserves that meet SPE/WPC/AAPG/SPEE Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) criteria is important for internal resource inventories for most companies. In this work a systematic methodology was developed to quantify the range of uncertainty in production forecast using SEDM. This methodology can be used as a probabilistic tool to quantify P90, P50, and P10 reserves and hence might provide one possible way to satisfy the various legal and technical-society-suggested criteria.

A new European labeling directive (2003/89/EC) states that certain foods and products derived thereof must always be declared. Among the tree nuts specified is Macadamia nut (Macadamia spp.). During the last few years, cases of IgE-allergic reactions, even severe anaphylaxes, have been reported. Reliable methods for the detection of this nut are needed. Protein from Macadamia nuts was isolated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS revealed two main protein bands of about 20 and 50kDa. These protein bands were cut and extracted from the gel and rabbits were immunized with each protein. Immunoblotting showed dominant reactivity with the respective antigens. The antisera were further tested for specificity in immunodiffusion and in rocket immunoelectrophoresis. In addition, a specific DNA-method was developed, based on Real-Time PCR using Macadamia vicilin as target sequence. Two different primer pairs were tested. Specificity was tested against potentially related nuts. Optimisation of primer and probe concentrations was performed. The limit of detection was 2-4 pg DNA, corresponding to a macadamia nut concentration of 50 to 100 μg per g. In a background of soybean DNA, down to 0,01 % macadamia DNA could be detected.

Production of oil and gas from shale is often described as a revolution to energyproduction in North America. Since the beginning of this century the shale oilproduction has increased from practically zero to currently supply almost half of theU.S. oil production. This development is made possible by the technology ofhorizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Since the production has not been ongoingfor that long, production data is still fairly limited in length and there are still largeuncertainties in many parameters, for instance production decline, lifespan, drainagearea, geographical extent and future technological development. More research isneeded to be able to estimate future production and resources with more certainty. At the moment shale oil is extracted only in North America but around the worldinvestigations are starting to assess if the conditions are suitable from shale oilextraction elsewhere. The global technically recoverable resource has been estimatedto 345 Gb, 10% of all global technically recoverable resources. Health andenvironmental aspects of shale oil and gas production have not yet been investigatedthoroughly and there is a risk that these parameters may slow down or limit thespreading of shale development. This report aims to examine production patterns of shale oil wells by applying declinecurve analysis. This analysis comprises of analyzing historical production data toinvestigate how the future production may develop. The area of the study is the EagleFord shale play in Texas, U.S. The goal is to fit decline curves to production data andthen use them for making estimates of future production in the Eagle Ford. The production in the shale oil wells included in the study reach their peak already within a few months after production starts. After this point, production is declining.After one year, production has decreased by 75% and after two years the productionis 87% of the peak production. The hyperbolic decline curve has a good fit toproduction data and in many cases the curve is close to harmonic. It is too early todetermine whether the alternative decline curve that is tested, the scaling declinecurve, has a better fit in the long term. The report also investigates how the density of the petroleum affects the declinecurve. The result is that lighter products decline faster than heavier. A sensitivity analysis is performed to illustrate how different parameters affect thefuture production development. In addition to the wells’ decline rate, the assumptionson the maximum number of wells, the maximal production and the rate at which newwells are added affect the ultimately recoverable resource. These parameters all havelarge uncertainties and makes resource estimations more difficult.

Nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, as primeiras investigações de dosímetros termoluminescentes (TLD), especificamente, os picos dosimétricos, rapidamente revelaram um número surpreendente de fenômenos que poderiam estar diretamente relacionados à densidade de ionização. Um pouco mais tarde, nos anos 80 e no início dos anos 90, a radiação aparentemente desconectada induziu fenômenos que foram descobertos em outros sistemas baseados em fluoreto de lítio (LiF). A última década, no entanto, testemunhou o surgimento de vários modelos, encabeçado através de uma compreensão mais profunda dos mecanismos TL subjacentes, bem como na modelagem micro dosimétrica e especificamente desenvolvida para explicar fenômenos de densidade de ionização. Muitas aplicações em radioterapia fornecem níveis de dose de radiação superiores a 1 Gy, porém em radiodiagnóstico estão na faixa de alguns mGy, e níveis muito altos de precisão são necessárias para promover o tratamento ideal. Isto exige uma atenção muito cuidadosa aos protocolos de medição altamente detalhados, bem como à calibração demorada de todos os TLDs para corrigir a não-linearidade da resposta à dose. Essas propriedades podem variar de lote para lote e também podem ser uma função da exposição à radiação, do aquecimento e histórico de manuseio. Deste modo, mesmo com excelentes avanços nos estudos do TLD com relação aos tratamentos térmicos e às formas de análise da curva de emissão TL, é necessário continuar os estudos a fim de possibilitar uma melhor utilização desta técnica na clínica. Uma análise computadorizada da curva de emissão (CGCA do inglês, computadorized glow curve analisys) foi implementada utilizando dados provenientes do software WinREMS de dosímetros TL que absorvem e armazenam a energia da radiação ionizante, reemitida na forma de fóton na região do ultravioleta visível. A luz emitida é, então, detectada por uma fotomultiplicadora e correlacionada à dose absorvida recebida pelo material. Os picos de emissão foram ajustados por meio de um algoritmo no programa MATLAB adotando-se o modelo de cinética de primeira ordem. O material testado foi o LiF:Mg,Ti (fluoreto de lítio dopado com magnésio e titânio) da marca Harshaw e a qualidade do ajuste foi determinada por um parâmetro chamado figura de mérito (FOM - do inglês, figure of merit). O menor FOM obtido para o grupo de dosímetros foi de 1,04 % e o maior foi de 9,79 %. Também foi avaliada a dose mínima detectável, utilizando o parâmetro que apresentou melhor desempenho, segundo a homogeneidade do grupo de dosímetros. O valor médio de dose mínima apresentado foi 28 µGy. Os resultados de reprodutibilidade, índice de variabilidade do detector (DVI - do inglês, device variability index) foi 14,01 %, que pode ser explicado pelo alto número de dosímetros no lote. Então, com a diminuição do tempo de preparo do dosímetro e com a análise computadorizada da curva de emissão, a utilização clínica do TLD torna-se mais viável, visto que não houve interferência na sensibilidade do dosímetro. Apesar de a reprodutibilidade ter sido a cima do esperado, é indicado uma correção individual para cada dosímetro e o descarte daqueles que apresentarem valores mais discrepantes comparado ao lote. / In the decades of 1960 and 1970, the first investigations of termoluminescentes dosimeters (TLD), specifically, the dosimetric peaks quickly revealed a surprising number of phenomena that could be directly related to the density of ionization. A little later, in the years 80 and 90 at the beginning of the year, seemingly disconnected radiation induced phenomena were discovered on other systems based on lithium fluoride (LiF). The last decade, however, has witnessed the emergence of several models, spearheaded through a deeper understanding of the underlying TL mechanisms as well as in modeling specifically developed for microdosimetric and explain phenomena of ionization density. Many applications in radiation oncology provide levels of radiation dose in excess of 1 Gy, however in diagnostic radiology are in the range of a few mGy, and very high levels of precision are necessary to promote the ideal treatment. This requires careful attention to the highly detailed measurement protocols, as well as the time-consuming calibration of all TLDs to correct the non-linearity of dose-response. These properties can vary from batch to batch, and can also be a function of exposure to radiation, heating and handling history. In this way, even with excellent advances in the studies of the TLD for the heat treatment and the ways of issuing TL curve analysis, it is necessary to continue studies in order to enable a better use of this technique in the clinic. A computerized analysis of the emission curve (CGCA computadorized glow curve analysis) was implemented using data from the WinREMS software of TL dosimeters that absorb and store energy from ionizing radiation, reissued in the form of photon in the visible ultraviolet. The light emitted is then detected by a photomultiplier and correlated to the absorbed dose received by the material. The emission peaks were adjusted by means of an algorithm in MATLAB program by adopting the model of first-order kinetics. The material tested was the LiF: Mg, Ti (lithium fluoride doped with magnesium and titanium) brand Harshaw and the quality of the fit was determined by a parameter called figure of merit (FOM- figure of merit). The smallest FOM obtained for the group of dosimeters was 1.04% and the highest was 9.79%. Also minimum detectable dose was evaluated, using the parameter that showed better performance, according to the homogeneity of the Group of dosimeters. The average value of minimum dose presented was 28 µGy. The results of reproducibility, index of variability of the detector (DVI-English, device variability index) was 14.01%, which can be explained by the high number of dosimeters in the batch. Then, with the decrease in the time of preparation of the dosimeter and the computerized analysis of the emission curve, the clinical use of the TLD becomes more viable, since there was no interference on sensitivity of the dosimeter. Although the reproducibility have been above expectations, indicated a single correction for each badge and the disposal of those who submit more discrepant values compared to the batch.