Statistiken och mäns upplevelser av vårdnadstvister antyder att mammor har flera fördelar i de vårdnadstvister som leder fram till ensam vårdnad. I vår studie genomför vi en kritisk diskursanalys av de domar som har lett fram till ensam vårdnad i Stockholms tingsrätt under år 2018. Vi undersöker om normer och föreställningar kring mammaroller och papparoller påverkar utfallet i domarna. Till vårt statistiska resultat har vi utgått från 121 domar och vårt kvalitativa resultat baseras på 18 domar. Vi använder Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys som teori och metod och som komplementerande teori använder vi Lewis och Welsch modell som delar in ett fungerande föräldraskap i fyra kategorier samt Ylva Elvin-Nowaks forskning om könspositioner. Resultatet uppmärksammar att många fall innehåller historier av mammor som har blivit utsatta för våld och barn som har bevittnat våld. Det förekommer även fall med pågående missbruk och psykisk ohälsa. Alla dessa påverkar tydligt utfallet på domarna till nackdel för problemföräldern. Dominerande teman och diskurser i resultatet är Riskanalys, Barnets nuvarande boendesituation, Könad omsorgsförmåga, Strategier samt En mammas känsla av rätt till sitt barn är större än pappas känsla av rätt till sitt barn. Studiens resultat visar att den omständighet som beaktas som viktigast är barnets nuvarande boendesituation, boendeföräldern har ett tydligt försprång framför umgängesföräldern. Resultatet visar också att det förekommer omsorgsförmågor som beskrivs olika beroende på om de relateras till en mamma eller pappa. Mammor gynnas dessutom av att kunna exkludera pappor från familjen. Studien ger en mer nyanserad bild av hur pappor idag inte bara bedöms i avsaknad av “feminina” kvaliteter. / Statistics and fathers´experiences from custody battles imply that mothers have more benefits when the court is ruling for sole custody. In our study we examine if norms and conceptions regarding parenting roles and gender roles might affect the outcome in these custody battles. Our empirical material is based on court documents from Stockholm District Court in 2018. We have created statistics from 121 custody battle court orders, and performed a qualitative study based on 18 custody battle court orders. We use Norman Fairclough´s critical discourse analysis as our theory and method, and as a complement we use Parenting practices divided in four dimensions by Jane Lewis and Elaine Welsh a theory, as well as research about gender roles av Ylva Elvin-Nowak. Our research show a high number of cases with violence towards the mother, where the child has been witness to the violence. Some court cases concern parents with existing drug abuse or mental illness. All of these cases effect the outcome of the custody battle, with disadvantage to the violent parent or the parent with drug abuse/mental illness. Dominating themes and discourses in the results are Risk analysis, The child´s current living arrangement, Gendered Care Ability, Strategies and A Mother´s sense of right to her child is more apparent than a Father´s sense of right to his child. The results show that the outcome of a sole custody battle is primarily based on the child´s current living arrangement. We can show that some care abilities have different implications for mothers and fathers, and that mothers can exclude the father from the family as a strategy and benefit from it. Our study depicts a more nuanced image of how fathers are judged not only in the absence of “feminine” qualities.

O presente trabalho propõe refletir sobre o instituto jurídico da guarda e da adoção, contribuindo com alguns elementos teóricos da psicanálise que possam elucidar como esse processo ocorre subjetivamente, sem deixar de fora, nesse raciocínio, a questão do gozo, central na psicanálise e o contexto trazido pelas modificações dos referenciais simbólicos iniciados na modernidade. Inicialmente, expõe-se o conceito de lei jurídica na história a fim de se levantar uma reflexão sobre a lei na atualidade, dentro do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, trazendo problemáticas do direito em relação ao seu papel na sociedade. Posteriormente, aborda-se o conceito de Lei na psicanálise, marcando a diferença entre essas áreas. Num segundo momento, o foco recai sobre o instituto da guarda e da adoção no sistema jurídico, pensando, principalmente o primeiro instituto como um meio para se concretizar a adoção. Logo em seguida, trouxemos a guarda e a adoção pela ótica da psicanálise, utilizando-se como referencial teórico basicamente a teoria de Lacan, especialmente as modificações trazidas pela última clínica deste autor, momento em que desloca a dialética do desejo do centro da teoria para a questão do gozo. A pesquisa revelou que a adoção não opera somente no registro simbólico, como a maioria dos trabalhos encontrados se restringem, mas ocorre nos três registros psíquicos: real, simbólico e imaginário. Ao final retomamos a adoção na psicanálise dentro do contexto pós-moderno, apontando as influências sofridas pelo discurso capitalista, que produz ilusões narcísicas de completude diariamente e esclarecemos a diferença entre Lei do bem dizer e lei do dizer o bem / The proposal of this paper is to contribute to the custody and adoption legal institute, seeking some theoretical elements of psychoanalysis to elucidate how this process occurs subjectively. For that, we approache Lacan´s concept of Lust - a central topic in psychoanalysis - and the context brought by the changes in the symbolic references which emerged in modernity. The starting point of this investigation is the concept of law in the history, in order to raise a debate on the law nowadays within the Brazilian legal system, discussing some issues of law in relation to its role in society. Subsequently, the focus places on the institution of guardianship and adoption in the legal system, considering the first institute as a means for achieving adoption. To work on these themes - custody and adoption - by the psychoanalytic perspective, we use primarily theoretical teachings of Lacan, especially the changes brought about by the last clinic of Lacan, at which shifts the dialectic of desire from the heart of his theory to the question of Lust. The survey revealed that the adoption does not work only in the symbolic dimension, like most works found claims, but occurs in all three records: real, symbolic and imaginary. At the end we return to the adoption in psychoanalysis within the postmodern context, pointing out the influences experienced by capitalist discourse that produces narcissistic illusions of wholeness. For this purpose we clarify the difference between the Law of well say and the Law of say good

Legal status of a child after break-up of their parents Abstract The goal of this thesis is to thoroughly elaborate about possible arrangements of situation of a child after the break-up of their parents, with focus on specifics of joint custody. The aim is also to critically evaluate corresponding practices of the Czech Constitutional Court and to put current legal regulations into historical and comparative context. The topic of this diploma thesis is legal status of a child after break-up of their parents. It is focused both on children of married and unmarried parents. An extra chapter about legal status of children from atypical families is also included, which addresses unusual legal positions of children of same-sex parents, children born via surrogacy and children raised by foster and adoptive parents. In the first chapter the marriage, cohabitation and differences between these two is discussed. A brief description of how the law in question evolved is included as well. The interest of a child is also characterized, as it is the primary consideration when (not only) courts are deciding about children. Third chapter covers parental responsibility. The following part is mostly focused on the topic of custody including an overview of the historical context. In this part, forms of custody and their...

This dissertation examines the ways intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors' experiences of poverty, mental illness, social isolation, and gender inequality shape their opportunities to protect themselves and their children before, during, and after separating from abusive partners. Ethnographic research was conducted in three communities in the United States over two years. In each site I observed and interviewed women about their experiences of abuse and their attempts to achieve long-term security. I also observed and interviewed practitioners across a range of disciplines about their work with IPV survivors. The results of this study demonstrate that when women ended abusive relationships they often sustained a variety of losses related to their economic stability, social support, and access to their children. After leaving their batterers, many survivors faced debt, trauma, and protracted custody disputes that continued to disrupt their lives. However, the IPV interventions studied were routinely designed as though the collateral damage to an IPV survivor's life ended when she left her abuser. Interventions rarely accommodated survivors' post-separation social, economic, and parenting needs, and indeed, often placed additional strain on women's lives. As a result, the most disadvantaged survivors often found institutional resources in the domestic violence service system inaccessible, irrelevant, and at times counterproductive. This dissertation demonstrates that IPV is more than a series of isolated acts by individual people: it is the cause of many women's diminished agency and heightened suffering long after their abuse has ended.

This Master's degree thesis addresses the issue of "The custody of underage children and the right to be in contact with them." The main attention is paid to the Czech legal instruments concerning the protection of underage children whose parents are getting divorced or do not live together. The thesis deals with the historical Czech legal development as well as the relevant legislation in force, different types of post-divorce care of children, their contact with both parents and other family members. A special emphasis is placed on the established practice of courts as well as relevant key judgments of the Czech Supreme Court and the Czech Constitutional Court. In comparison to the Czech legislation is described also the Slovak divorce regulation. Furthermore, relevant alterations introduced by the new Civil Code coming into effect on 1 January 2014 are considered. Due to the personal and emotional nature of family law relationships, the thesis discusses also the psychological impact of divorce on children and their parent's behavior. These are important especially for judges, social workers, mediators and family law lawyers. The thesis is composed of the following eight chapters: Introduction; Dissolution of Marriage; Award of Custody of Children; Contact with Children; Slovak legal regulation of...

Pesquisas têm demonstrado a relação entre a atuação profissional em diversos setores com a incidência de estresse, identificando agentes estressores e mensurando atividades com maior prevalência de desenvolvimento de sintomas característicos dessa doença. Profissões que envolvem cuidado e/ou tutela de pessoas, como profissionais de saúde, professores e agentes prisionais, entre outras, estão entre as que apresentam maiores estatísticas de incidência de estresse. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a incidência de estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) em educadores sociais, profissionais que trabalham com adolescentes privados de liberdade pela prática de atos infracionais. Participaram 22 trabalhadores de um Centro de Socioeducação do Estado do Paraná, todos do sexo masculino e com idade entre 26 e 48 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram: Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL), Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus (IECFL), adaptação de Savóia (1996), e entrevista semiestrutura. Os inventários foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e as entrevistas utilizando o método de análise temática. Os resultados do ISSL apontaram elevado percentual (59%) de incidência de sintomas de estresse entre os participantes; os domínios do IECFL com maior frequência foram resolução de problemas, aceitação de responsabilidade e suporte social, e as menores frequências corresponderam aos domínios afastamento e confronto. A análise temática identificou um conjunto de categorias: exercício profissional e seus agentes estressores, como excesso de atribuições, a dupla responsabilidade de ressocializar e zelar pela segurança institucional, os conflitos nas relações entre servidores e com a instituição e a falta de perspectivas futuras no desempenho da função; relação institucional e os sentimentos de abandono e não desvalorização sentidos pelo grupo; percepção do processo de adoecimento, com identificação de sintomas de estresse; e estratégias de coping, com reconhecimento de ações de enfrentamento ao processo de estresse. Os resultados poderão contribuir para orientar intervenções de combate à incidência de estresse entre os servidores, com ações curativas e preventivas, além de possibilitar um reordenamento de questões institucionais aqui identificadas com agentes estressores, contribuindo para otimização dos recursos humanos e alcance de maior excelência na realização do trabalho. / Researches have showed a relation between professional activities in different sectors and incidence of stress, identifying stressors and measuring activities with higher prevalence of developing characteristics symptoms of this disease. Professions involving people care and/or guardianship, as health professionals, teachers and custody agents, and others, are among those that present higher statistics of stress. This work aimed at verifying the incidence of stress and coping strategies of social educators, professionals who work with adolescents in custody due criminal offences. 22 workers of a Centre of Alternative Measures of Parana State took place in research, all male aging between 26 and 48 years old. We used Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory (ISSL), Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Inventory (IECFL) and semi structured interview. The inventories were analyzed by descriptive statistics and interviews by thematic analysis method. Results of ISSL showed high percentage (59%) of stress symptoms incidence among participants; IECFL domains with high frequency were problem solving, acceptance of responsibility and social support, and low frequencies matched withdrawal and confrontation domains. Thematic analisys identified a set of categories: professional activities and its stressors, as excess of attributions, double responsibility on resocialize and ensure institutional safety, conflicts on public servants and institution relations and lack of future perspectives on job; institutional relationship and abandonment feelings and non-devaluation felt by the group; sickness process perception, with identification of stress symptoms; and coping strategies, with coping actions recognition on stress process. Results could contribute to guide interventions reducing the incidences of stress among servants, with healing and preventive actions, further on possible institutional issues reordering considering identified stressors, contributing to optimize human resources and higher excellence on job activities.

Na capital paulista, desde fevereiro de 2015, uma pessoa presa em flagrante deve ser levada, em até 24 horas, a uma audiência de custódia, em que o juiz decidirá se ela permanecerá presa ou terá direito à liberdade provisória durante o processo penal que poderá ser instaurado. Com o objetivo de reduzir o excessivo número de prisões provisórias e permitir a identificação de casos de abuso policial, essas audiências foram criadas pelo Provimento Conjunto nº 03/2015 do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo. A partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica, que contou com a observação de 692 pessoas apresentadas em audiências de custódia, entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2015, reflito sobre as percepções morais que os profissionais do sistema de justiça criminal, atuantes em tais audiências, expressaram a respeito de as pessoas custodiadas poderem ter sofrido violência policial. Através do que chamei de mecanismos de silenciamento, discuto como uma nova fase pré-processual, criada para a apuração de maus tratos policiais cometidos durante prisões em flagrante, pode submeter pessoas presas a experiências de humilhação. Também analiso de que forma o conceito de vítima é disputado, uma vez que a pessoa custodiada, ao mesmo tempo que é apresentada como autora de um ou mais delitos, também pode ter sofrido violações de direitos. / In the capital of São Paulo, since February 2015, a person arrested must be taken within 24 hours to a custody hearing in which the judge will decide whether he will remain in custody or will be entitled to provisional release during criminal proceedings that may be established. With the objective of reducing the excessive number of provisional imprisonment and allowing the identification of cases of police abuse, these hearings were created by Joint Appeal No. 03/2015 of the Court of Justice of São Paulo. Based on an ethnographic research of 692 people brought to custody hearings between February and December 2015, I reflect on the moral perceptions that practitioners of the criminal justice system, acting in such hearings, have expressed about whether the persons in custody may have suffered police violence. Through what I have called silencing mechanisms, I discuss how a new pre-procedural phase, created for the detection of police mistreatment committed during flagrant prisons, can subject people to experiences of humiliation. I also analyze how the concept of victim is disputed, since the person in custody, while being presented as the perpetrator of one or more crimes, also may have suffered violations of rights.

Thesis (M.A. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / The overall aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of the phenomenon ‘Absent Fathers’ in Mphanama Community. The objectives of the study were to assess the effects of culture and beliefs on the domination of parenting, to debunk the myth that marital status of parents determines the involvement of fathers in their children’s upbringing and to establish who is seen as having the majority power over the child in Northern Sotho culture as compared to other cultures. This study used qualitative approach because the researcher wanted to explore and understand the phenomenon of Absent Fathers. The researcher focused on feelings, behaviour, descriptions and words from the participants. The other reason for using this approach was to find reality about perceptions of the phenomenon absent fathers and explore their primary interpretation of their situation than that of the researcher. The researcher used exploratory research design. The data was collected through semi-structured face-to-face interview was collected from twenty (20) single mothers who are bona fide members of Mphanama and have not just visited the community at the time of the study. The sample was inclusive to single mothers who are bona fide members of Mphanama and have not just visited the community at the time of the study. Their marital statuses were not considered upon selection, so this may be mothers who were never married, married or even divorced women. The participants were from different ages as insight from all age cohorts will be highly valuable. The researcher underpinned the study from the feminist movement is vast in orientation and there is no singular prescription of what the feminist theory constitutes. It is however, stated that within the feminism there is a high degree of consensus that the distinct underlying principle is the awareness of gender and the politics of gender within society. The researcher used thematic data analysis. The researcher followed the steps of thematic data analysis which are transcription of data, checking and editing, Analysing and interpretation, and Generalization. This study is relevant to Social Work Profession and the Department of Social Development as it will contribute positively in delivering services to the clients served. The issue of absent fathers often leads to family dysfunction and leads to other social problems, this is frequently visible in rural families of low-economic-class where the father is usually seen as the sole provider for the family.

Extralegal Factors Important to Judges' Decisions in Child Abuse Custody Cases by Marilyn J. Nolan MS, Pittsburg (Kansas) State University, 1986 BS, Missouri Southern State University, 1982 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Human Services Walden University May 2015 Research has shown juvenile court judges are skeptical of mental health testimony; however there is a lack of research regarding what types of testimony by what kinds of experts are valued by judges. Using the theory of legal pragmatism, the purpose of this study was to assess how 83 Oklahoma District Court judges rated extralegal factors influencing their perceptions of the credibility of mental health expert testimony. Quantitative survey research methods were used to collect the data. Friedman ANOVAs by ranks with multiple comparisons were used to test differences across multiple characteristics, and Spearman rho coefficients assessed relationships of age and gender of judges with their importance ratings of extralegal factors. The results showed that judges preferred PhD psychologists over other mental health professionals, witnesses who drew firm conclusions, testimony in layman's terms, and citing theories accepted by the scientific community. A child's testimony and educational credentials of experts were important to younger female judges when deciding custody as was maintaining the integrity of the family when deciding termination issues. Other findings included: all judges agreed sexual abuse was the most important criteria for terminating parental rights, all forms of child abuse were important case factors that influenced judges' decisions, and disparaging parents and substance abuse by a parent were important to older male judges in their decisions. Results from this study will assist in the development of core curricula for courtroom skills training for mental health experts, paving the way for positive social change. With improved training and quality of expert testimony, judges will be more likely to use testimony from knowledgeable unbiased experts when making decisions which will benefit children, families, and communities.

Present research has offered few easy-to-administer, accurate, and psychometrically-tested screening tools. Additionally, a gap exists in peer-reviewed literature concerning effective utilization of a family risk assessment instrument to determine the appropriate services for families involved in high-conflict custody cases. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if the Child Risk Index for Divorced or Separating families (CRI-DS) can be used as an effective family risk assessment tool to identify specific family needs and refer families to relevant court-related family triage services and programs. This study was grounded by Kellam and Van Horn's life course/social field theory. This study was supported by archival data. Correlation and regression analyses of 5 research questions addressing the relationships between family risk, court use, and related court services. Correlation results indicated both gender and marital status were significantly associated with an elevated pretest CRI-DS score and likewise conflict intensity also tended to increase. Study findings were consistent with previous findings that stress of divorce and separation was exacerbated by parental conflict and impacted the core relationships within the family; having long-term negative effects on the psychological well-being of the children involved. Using the CRI-DS as a triage instrument can facilitate the determination of which interventive services may be implemented for at-risk youth of high-conflict families, therefore promoting positive social change through the potential to improve the lives of at-risk youth and their families.