Faculty of Criminology, Justice and Policy Studies

<p><p>Eleverna i dagens skolor är uppvuxna i en digitaliserad värld. De rör sig i princip utan begränsningar i den digitala världen. Man skulle kunna säga att det är deras modersmål att uttrycka sig och befinna sig på nätet, Vi ser en klyfta i samhället med barn och ungdomars nätkunskaper på ena sidan och vuxnas förmåga till kritisk granskning på den andra. Detta påverkar i allra högsta grad hur vi handskas med digitala kränkningar i skolan. Även om barnen är experter på Internet är det de vuxna som måste hjälpa till med att ge en fungerande grund av normer, värden och kritiskt tänkande. Vi har gjort en intervjustudie med 37 barn i skolår fem. 20 av barnen går i en småstadsskola och 17 av barnen i en förortsskola. Intervjuerna har utförts som gruppintervjuer och vi har haft en kvalitativ ansats. Våra intentioner har varit att göra undersökningen från barnens perspektiv och om möjligt försöka möta och förstå deras livsvärld. I vår studie ser vi med stor tydlighet att kränkningar på nätet är verklighet för många elever idag och detta påverkar i mycket stor utsträckning deras skolvardag. I samtalen med eleverna har vi förstått att det inte är någon större skillnad på att bli kränkt på nätet och att bli kränkt i verkliga livet. Själva säger eleverna att det är lättare att skriva något elakt till en person som man inte ser och detta gör att kränkningar på nätet kan vara något grövre än kränkningar ansikte mot ansikte. Kränkningar sker i stort sett på samhällets alla nivåer och platser. Vi vill inte dra skiljelinjer mellan nätet och samhället i övrigt. Internet är en del av vårt moderna samhälle. Det speglar det som händer i det verkliga livet. Elever som blir kränkta på nätet blir även kränkta i skolan. Samma individer blir kränkta på nätet och i samhället utanför och för samma saker. Vi ser även att vuxna behöver ta sitt ansvar och genom att lära barnen kritisk granskning skydda dem mot kränkningar. Det är samtidigt skolans ansvar att utjämna oundvikliga socioekonomiska ojämlikheter och sträva mot en rättvis fördelning av kunskaper genom att bidra till Internetkunskap till alla elever.</p></p>

Eleverna i dagens skolor är uppvuxna i en digitaliserad värld. De rör sig i princip utan begränsningar i den digitala världen. Man skulle kunna säga att det är deras modersmål att uttrycka sig och befinna sig på nätet, Vi ser en klyfta i samhället med barn och ungdomars nätkunskaper på ena sidan och vuxnas förmåga till kritisk granskning på den andra. Detta påverkar i allra högsta grad hur vi handskas med digitala kränkningar i skolan. Även om barnen är experter på Internet är det de vuxna som måste hjälpa till med att ge en fungerande grund av normer, värden och kritiskt tänkande. Vi har gjort en intervjustudie med 37 barn i skolår fem. 20 av barnen går i en småstadsskola och 17 av barnen i en förortsskola. Intervjuerna har utförts som gruppintervjuer och vi har haft en kvalitativ ansats. Våra intentioner har varit att göra undersökningen från barnens perspektiv och om möjligt försöka möta och förstå deras livsvärld. I vår studie ser vi med stor tydlighet att kränkningar på nätet är verklighet för många elever idag och detta påverkar i mycket stor utsträckning deras skolvardag. I samtalen med eleverna har vi förstått att det inte är någon större skillnad på att bli kränkt på nätet och att bli kränkt i verkliga livet. Själva säger eleverna att det är lättare att skriva något elakt till en person som man inte ser och detta gör att kränkningar på nätet kan vara något grövre än kränkningar ansikte mot ansikte. Kränkningar sker i stort sett på samhällets alla nivåer och platser. Vi vill inte dra skiljelinjer mellan nätet och samhället i övrigt. Internet är en del av vårt moderna samhälle. Det speglar det som händer i det verkliga livet. Elever som blir kränkta på nätet blir även kränkta i skolan. Samma individer blir kränkta på nätet och i samhället utanför och för samma saker. Vi ser även att vuxna behöver ta sitt ansvar och genom att lära barnen kritisk granskning skydda dem mot kränkningar. Det är samtidigt skolans ansvar att utjämna oundvikliga socioekonomiska ojämlikheter och sträva mot en rättvis fördelning av kunskaper genom att bidra till Internetkunskap till alla elever.

The phenomena of cyber bullying is relatively new, but it is now more prevalent than ever as children today have access to the internet on a daily basis, in school as well as at home. Although cyber bullying is an increasing problem in today’s society, there seem to be few guidelines for teachers to follow when using the internet with their students in school. The purpose of this study is to investigate who, according to six teachers, has the responsibilities revolving cyber bullying – teachers or parents. There has not been very much research done revolving the issue. The questions that are going to be raised in this study are who the six interviewed teachers think is responsible for taking actions revolving cyber bullying, if there are any guidelines about how to work with the problem, if teachers and parent work together to prevent and act against cyber bullying and what kind of education teachers and parents get to increase their awareness about bullying and cyber bullying. This study is built on interviews with six teachers from three different schools. Two of the schools work with a bullying program that is based on Olweus methods against bullying. The third school has a collaboration with the organisation Friends. This study has its theoretical outcome in Olweus’ methods against bullying in general and Campbell’s definition of what cyber bullying means. Regarding responsibility this study is built on the definition of two different kinds of responsibilities, the moral kind and the legal kind. The conclusions of this study are that the responsibility is not something you can put on either the parents or the teachers, it is a shared responsibility between both parts since the children have access to the internet almost anywhere. There is also a need of guidelines regarding how to act in a case of cyber bullying as there are no known guidelines to turn to today. Some schools seem to have a collaboration between parents and teachers to prevent and act against cyber bullying, where other schools do not. The same schools that have that collaboration also seem to educate both teachers and parents about cyber bullying.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master Of Arts in Counselling Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, 2018 / This study examined the experiences of cyberbullied victims at the University of Zululand. Thirty-five students from the University of Zululand (UNIZULU) participated in the research. The age of the participants ranged from 17-28 years. The main objectives of the study were to gain deeper understanding to the issues related to cyberbullying, and to evaluate the impact of cyberbullying on victims. Most of the cyberbullied victims were cyberbullied on Facebook. The most frequent convention of cyberbullying experienced by victims was exposure and trickery. This is where emails, chatroom messages, or pictures are sent to embarrass and ridicule the victim. Exposure is a cyberbullying tactic that includes the general public show, posting or forwarding of personal verbal exchange, photos or video through the cyberbully this is non-public and private to the victim. Exposure turns into even extra damaging to the victim when the communications posted and publicly displayed incorporates sensitive personal information or photos and video which are sexual in nature. As cellular tool era, photos and video become extra common; the tactic of exposure is sure to emerge as standard as cell tool era expands. This was experienced by 45% of the victims of cyberbullying. This study has enabled us to determine some of the behavioural, social and psychological impact cyberbullying had on individuals. The students’ self-reports highlighted the psychological, behavioural and social impact on victims of cyberbullying. Victims of cyberbullying felt depressed and had higher levels of loneliness and social anxiety, poor academic performance, hopelessness and loss of interest in daily living. Method: A mixed method research design that included both qualitative and quantitative was used with questionnaires and interviews respectively. For the qualitative study twenty students from the age of 18 and above were selected in the study. Purposive and snowball techniques which is a non-probability sampling was used to recruit participants. Participants were selected from University of Zululand Facebook page. A semi-structured interview was used to obtain information on views of cyberbullying. The follow-up questions were asked in order to gain deeper understanding on the information provided by the participant. A narrative story telling of cyberbullying, relating it to their personal experiences of cyberbullying were used as clear description of the subjective experience of students, assisting in meeting the overall aim in conducting this study. In this study snowball non-probability sampling technique was used to recruit victims of cyberbullying with the UNIZULU Facebook page. The name of the questionnaire Personal Experiences of Cyberbullied Victims(in the future alluded to as the PECVQ) which is specifically designed for the study by the researcher. A PECVQ was intended to investigate the personal experiences of cyberbullied victims as well as to evaluate the impact of cyberbullying on victims. Out of 20 participants approached, 15 agreed to participate in the study. Data collection lasted for 2 weeks for the qualitative and quantitative phases of the study respectively. Findings: The findings of the qualitative study showed that cyberbullied victims from their different personal experiences do experience and suffer from diverse behavioural, psychological, and social problems but that they are also resilient. The quantitative results showed that students’ self-reports highlighted the psychological, behavioural and social impact on victims of cyberbullying. Victims of cyberbullying felt depressed and had higher levels of loneliness and social anxiety, hopelessness and loss of interest in daily living. The results also showed that some level of resilience was evident which enabled them to cope with cyberbullying, despite adversity. They derive their strength from (1) personal resources, which refer to intrapersonal characteristics that enhances ways to cope, (2) interpersonal resources, which centres on their interaction with friends, peers and other significant people.

This study attempts to explore how schools’ handles and prevents cyber-bullying among pupils. The purpose in this study was to investigate how the school staffs work in secondary schools with grades sixth to ninth. How do the schools discover, prevent and stop cyber-bullying? Do the schools’ have any experiences of cyber-bullying? How do the schools work with anti-bullying concepts – have the new phenomenon cyber-bullying affected and changed the schools´ anti-bullying work in connection with the guidelines and in relation to the "new technology"? This study attempts to examine how this is handled within several secondary schools with three different municipalities. The theoretical starting-points have been an inductive theory which later has resulted in four other theoretical models, Meyrowitz two media-models which are describing social environments and several knowledge theories with a sociology perspective. In this study, the methods have been: conversational interviews with school staff –teachers and counselors. The analysis of the empirical material has been primarily content analysis with categorization of sentences which was mainly guided by empirics. The results shows that the schools does not have much experiences of cyber-bullying, they discovers, prevents and stops the phenomenon with same guidelines like the "regular" bullying. The major obstacle in the study showed a lack of resources, mainly among the teachers, such as time pressure and insufficient education on the subject. There also seems to be a lack of collaboration with agents outside the schools, primarily the social services, because the school does not feel that this type of cooperation works. The study provides several issues and several perspectives as a starting point for further research, such as experiences of cyber-bullying at school among pupils and parents.

Do children, who are supporter of comradeship, think that working to prevent cyber bullying may be a task for them? This study describes, from a child’s perspective, how a supporter of comradeship can be supportive in the preventive work against cyber bullying. This study will also define the phenomena bulling and cyber bullying, the difference between them and where they can be seen. I will also describe the supporters of comradeship are elected, the information they get from school and how adults at school help them to plan their work. The schoolconsider, of course, the Swedish school law towards (against) bulling and insulting behavior and the school is also visited by inspectors from the Swedish National Agency for Education. The idea to do this study came arise, from a lesson when we discussed, with the pupils, a problem that had happened the day before, after school. It was a problem that was difficult to solve and it was an interesting problem to discuss. I have been interviewing the supporters in group and in pairs. The supporters at the school think that cyber bullying might be a task for them to work with in a preventive way as well as the work to prevent bulling at the schoolyard still is important.

No description available.

The diploma thesis titled Cyber Bullying in the world of new media deals with one of the potential risks associated with the use of new information and communication media cyber bullying. The goal of the thesis is to map the awareness of parents about possible forms of cyber bullying and about the risks associated with the use of modern information technology by their children. The introduction of the theoretical part of the thesis deals with the explanation of basic terms which are associated with the issue of new media, such as: media, new media and cyberspace. Then there is a section which is dedicated to the issue of cyber bullying and its comparison with the traditional bullying. The section deals with forms of cyber bullying and with perpetrators of cyber bullying, and with the forms of prevention, intervention and possible impacts of cyber bullying. The practical part of the thesis contains the description of the used methodology and the description of the research sample. It also includes the results of research and the discussion, which is focused on comparing the results of the research with opinions of experts working in the field of cyber bullying. The strategy of quantitative research, through the questionnaire survey of parents of children and adolescents, was used to verify the hypotheses. The field collection of data was carried out from May 2014 to December 2014. The results of the research show that the parents of children and adolescents are aware of the risks associated with using the modern information technologies. The research proved that the parents know about the forms of cyber bullying as well as about the risks associated with cyber bullying and that they have awareness of what materials are published on social networks by their children. Results of the thesis can be offered to the managements of elementary schools in Písek District. The thesis can be used as an informative material by parents of children and adolescents, and by teachers and educational counsellors at primary and secondary schools.

No description available.