This master thesis entitled Cybersecurity deals with cybersecuriy issue. The theoretical part defines basic concepts related to cybersecurity and cyber threats classification. The practical part deals with a case study regarding disputes between China and the US in cyberspace. The goal will be to test a hypothesis that China and the United States are at cyberwar with each other.

Organizations need to protect themselves from cyber threats and a variety of methods exist to mitigate these risks. Factors such as rapid digitalization, expedited by Covid-19, have only made cybersecurity threats a growing concern. Most research within the IS field has focused on technical methods to mitigate risk, leaving non-technical methods less explored. The aim of this study was to develop a deeper understanding of managers’, at different levels, perceived understanding, and influence to achieve cybersecurity readiness in order to identify barriers. Further, an objective was to develop possible strategies to mitigate identified risks associated with these barriers. To fulfill this aim, a case study was conducted at a municipality-owned organization who have taken the initiative to raise cybersecurity awareness. Six interviews were conducted with managers from both senior- and middle management, and cybersecurity governance documents were collected. In our findings, we identified three main themes with associated barriers to achieving cybersecurity readiness. These include barriers associated with (1) organizational and managerial factors, (2) pitfalls in communication, and (3) policy and instructions. The study contributes to an understanding of different barriers that managers at different levels might perceive and suggests possible strategies for mitigating the risks associated with said barriers.

This study analyses the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic from a cybersecurity perspective, highlighting the different types of cyber-attacks experienced that happened around the world. In addition, this thesis shows the different types of cyber-attacks produced due to the lack of security employed during the pandemic crisis and how were the reactions of the different organizations to solving the problem. Furthermore, there are different statistics and graphical tables that show the evolution and how it covered the main types of cyber-attacks by the majority of organizations. The analysis reveals a view of those different attacks that can show in various forms. How the cybercriminals leverage the different vulnerabilities of corporate networks in a never-explored perspective makes this review different from other present papers on the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the study manifests the different recommendations proposed by the different experts to avoid a similar situation in times of crisis, making that study a guide to avoid similar situations in the future. In fact, the information extracted from different specialized sources will be used to carry out an objective study. / Den här studien analyserar utvecklingen av covid-19-pandemin ur ett cybersäkerhetsperspektiv, och lyfter fram de olika typer av cyberattacker som upplevts runt om i världen. Dessutom visar denna avhandling de olika typerna av cyberattacker som skapats på grund av bristen på säkerhet som användes under pandemikrisen och hur de olika organisationerna reagerade på att lösa problemet. Dessutom finns det olika statistik och grafiska tabeller som visar utvecklingen och hur den täckte huvudtyperna av cyberattacker från majoriteten av organisationer. Analysen visar en syn på de olika attackerna som kan visa sig i olika former. Hur cyberbrottslingarna utnyttjar de olika sårbarheterna i företagsnätverk i ett aldrig utforskat perspektiv gör att denna recension skiljer sig från andra nuvarande artiklar om covid-19-pandemin. Dessutom visar studien de olika rekommendationerna som föreslagits av de olika experterna för att undvika en liknande situation i kristider, vilket gör den studien till en guide för att undvika liknande situationer i framtiden. Faktum är att informationen från olika specialiserade källor kommer att användas för att genomföra en objektiv studie. / Este estudio analiza la evolución de la pandemia de COVID-19 desde una perspectiva de ciberseguridad, destacando los diferentes tipos de ciberataques experimentados en todo el mundo. Además, esta tesis muestra los diferentes tipos de ciberataques producidos por la falta de seguridad empleada durante la crisis de la pandemia y cómo fueron las reacciones de las diferentes organizaciones ante la solución del problema. Además, existen diferentes estadísticas y tablas gráficas que muestran la evolución y cómo se cubrieron los principales tipos de ciberataques por parte de la mayoría de las organizaciones. El análisis revela una visión de esos diferentes ataques que pueden manifestarse de diversas formas. La forma en que los ciberdelincuentes aprovechan las diferentes vulnerabilidades de las redes corporativas en una perspectiva nunca explorada hace que esta revisión sea diferente de otros documentos actuales sobre la pandemia de COVID-19. Además, el estudio pone de manifiesto las diferentes recomendaciones propuestas por los diferentes expertos para evitar una situación similar en tiempos de crisis, convirtiendo dicho estudio en una guía para evitar situaciones similares en el futuro. De hecho, se utilizará la información extraída de diferentes fuentes especializadas para realizar un estudio objetivo.