Mainz, Univ., Diss., 2001.

München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2002.

Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2002--Aachen.

Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2002--Aachen.

Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2003--Aachen.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Giessen.

abstract: Biosensors offer excellent diagnostic methods through precise quantification of bodily fluid biomarkers and could fill an important niche in diagnostic screening. The long term goal of this research is the development of an impedance immunosensor for easy-to-use, rapid, sensitive and selective simultaneously multiplexed quantification of bodily fluid disease biomarkers. To test the hypothesis that various cytokines induce empirically determinable response frequencies when captured by printed circuit board (PCB) impedance immunosensor surface, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods were used to test PCB biosensors versus multiple cytokine biomarkers to determine limits of detection, background interaction and response at all sweep frequencies. Results indicated that sensors for cytokine Interleukin-12 (IL-12) detected their target over three decades of concentration and were tolerant to high levels of background protein. Further, the hypothesis that cytokine analytes may be rapidly detected via constant frequency impedance immunosensing without sacrificing undue sensitivity, CV, EIS, impedance-time (Zt) methods and modeling were used to test CHITM gold electrodes versus IL-12 over different lengths of time to determine limits of detection, detection time, frequency of response and consistent cross-platform sensor performance. Modeling and Zt studies indicate interrogation of the electrode with optimum frequency could be used for detection of different target concentrations within 90 seconds of sensor exposure and that interrogating the immunosensor with fixed, optimum frequency could be used for sensing target antigen. This informs usability of fixed-frequency impedance methods for biosensor research and particularly for clinical biosensor use. Finally, a multiplexing impedance immunosensor prototype for quantification of biomarkers in various body fluids was designed for increased automation of sample handling and testing. This enables variability due to exogenous factors and increased rapidity of assay with eased sensor fabrication. Methods were provided for simultaneous multiplexing through multisine perturbation of a sensor, and subsequent data processing. This demonstrated ways to observe multiple types of antibody-antigen affinity binding events in real time, reducing the number of sensors and target sample used in the detection and quantification of multiple biomarkers. These features would also improve the suitability of the sensor for clinical multiplex detection of disease biomarkers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Bioengineering 2012

Submitted by Isaac Francisco de Souza Dias (isaac.souzadias@ufpe.br) on 2016-02-25T18:49:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Camila Marques Queiroz.pdf: 1322318 bytes, checksum: fa38b127181cbd3fb8d4a21effd1f9e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-25T18:49:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Camila Marques Queiroz.pdf: 1322318 bytes, checksum: fa38b127181cbd3fb8d4a21effd1f9e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / CAPES / O aumento da incidência de casos de dengue constitui um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. A patogênese da Febre Hemorrágica da Dengue (FHD) ainda não está completamente esclarecida. A invasão do vírus às células do sistema imunológico modifica o estado normal celular, induzindo a produção e a liberação de inúmeros mediadores imunológicos como espécies reativas de oxigênio, incluindo o óxido nítrico (NO) e citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IFN-α e IFN-β, TNF-α e IL-6). A indefinição acerca do papel desses mediadores imunológico durante a infecção humana pelo dengue vírus (DENV) e possível papel na disfunção endotelial justifica a realização do presente trabalho buscando esclarecer a dinâmica da relação vírus-hospedeiro frente ao agravamento da infecção. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial de marcador biológico da dosagem dos níveis séricos de NO e mediadores imunoinflamatórios em pacientes diagnosticados com dengue em sua forma grave. Foram analisadas 307 amostras de soros coletadas entre 2009 a 2011. A dosagem de NO foi realizada por reação de Griess e a dosagem das citocinas pelo método ELISA, seguindo as instruções sugeridas por cada kit, buscando correlacionar os valores séricos encontrados com a gravidade das formas clínicas da doença. Como resultado, não houve diferença nos níveis séricos de NO entre pacientes com Dengue Clássica (DC) ou FHD, infecção primária ou secundária ou mesmo entre os diferentes sorotipos virais. Analisando os resultados em tempos específicos de sintomatologia, observou-se que até os 02 dias iniciais, maiores níveis de NO foram detectados em pacientes com infecção primária em relação à infecção secundária, e principalmente nos pacientes com DC em relação aos pacientes com FHD. Na dosagem do TNF-α não houve diferença entre os grupos de pacientes estudados. Observou-se diferença entre dengue primária e dengue secundária, sendo maior a produção de IFN-α nos pacientes com dengue primária. A dosagem do IFN-β foi realizada, porém não foram detectados níveis séricos mínimos dessa citocina. Observamos a circulação de três sorotipos diferentes na mesma população de estudo, porém sem associação com os níveis de citocinas circulantes. Os dados sugerem que a quantificação sérica do NO e citocinas pró-inflamatórias na população estudada não auxilia como determinação de marcador biológico de dengue para formas graves da doença. / The increased incidence of dengue cases is an important problem of global public health. The pathogenesis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is not yet fully elucidated. The invasion of the virus into immune system cells modifies the cell normality, triggering the production and release of several immune mediators. With emphasis in oxygen reactive species, for example, nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, TNF-α and IL-6). The uncertainty about the role of these immune mediators during the human infection by DENV justifies the need for new research, seeking to clarify the virus-host dynamics relationship in to the aggravation of infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic potential of NO serum levels and others proinflammatory cytokines in patients diagnosed with dengue. We analyzed 307 serum samples collected between 2009 to 2011. The NO level was evaluated with the Griess reagent and the dosage of proinflammatory cytokines by ELISA technique following the instructions suggested by each kit seeking to correlate the serum levels with the severity of the clinical forms of the disease. As a result, there was no difference in serum levels of NO in patients with Classical Dengue (DC) or DHF, primary or secondary infection or even between different serotypes. Analyzing the results at specific times of symptomatology, it was observed that up to 02 days initial, high levels of NO were detected in patients with primary infection, compared to secondary infection, especially in patients with DC compared to patients with DHF. There was no difference in TNF-α levels among the groups of patients. It were observed significant differences between primary dengue and secondary dengue, with a higher IFN-α production in patients with primary dengue. The IFN-β dosage was performed, but there were no detected minimum serum levels of this cytokine. We observed the presence of three different serotypes in the same population studied, but no association with cytokine levels. The detection of elevated levels of NO in patients with DC, in the initial days of symptomatology, reinforces the potential role of this molecule in the control of the viral infection, however, was not found difference in later times of symptomatology. The data suggest that the serum quantification of NO and inflammatory cytokines in this population does not help to determine biological marker for severe forms of dengue disease.

Abstract The effects of perioperative filgrastim (rhG-CSF) and surgery per se on the postoperative acute phase reaction were studied by assessing leukocyte functions, cytokine levels and tenascin-C (Tn-C) and procollagen propeptide (PINP, PIIINP) concentrations in different body fluid compartments in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Thirty consecutive patients were randomized to receive either filgrastim or placebo for five days, starting 12 hours before colorectal surgery. Filgrastim treatment led to marked neutrophilia with decreased neutrophil migration in peripheral blood but not in peritoneal fluid 48 hours postoperatively. Neutrophil phagocytosis and bacterial killing did not differ between the groups. Filgrastim caused increased postoperative expression of neutrophil CD11b/CD18 in blood but not in peritoneal fluid or wound fluid. CD11b/CD18 expression was higher in both wound fluid and peritoneal fluid than in blood in the placebo group. The expression of neutrophil CD62L was higher in blood than in peritoneal fluid or wound fluid in both groups. The serum concentration of interleukin (IL)-8 was lower in the filgrastim group 5 hours postoperatively. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-10 did not differ between the groups. The cytokine levels were markedly higher locally in the wound and in the peritoneal cavity compared to circulating blood. No adverse events attributable to filgrastim were seen. Leukocyte counts, neutrophil and monocyte functions and the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were measured from 18 patients before and after colorectal surgery. Surgery caused an increase in neutrophil and monocyte counts along with lymphocytopenia. Neutrophil phagocytosis was decreased 4 and 24 hours postoperatively, but normalized after that. A distinct systemic cytokine response was seen postoperatively. In a study with 24 patients, Tn-C concentration increased in wound fluid during the first postoperative week after abdominal surgery. The Tn-C level was markedly higher in wound fluid than in serum.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) is a potent pro-survival cytokine that is not robustly expressed by human cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Here, we explore the mechanism underlying IGF-1 enhanced cardiac repair by CSCs. Human CSCs underwent lentiviral- mediated somatic gene transfer of IGF-1 to boost cytokine secretion without adversely blunting the overall cytokine signature of CSCs. In vitro studies demonstrated that IGF-1 provided paracrine and autocrine support that reduced apoptosis by CSCs and cardiomyoctes. In vivo experiments demonstrated that IGF-1 increased CSC-mediated cardiac repair by enhancing salvage of reversibly damaged myocardium and transplanted cell survival.