Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Litt. française--Paris 4, 1998. / Titre de dos : "Georges Darien & l'anarchisme littéraire" Bibliogr. des oeuvres de G. Darien p. 416-428. Bibliogr. p. 429-438. Index.

Although previous examinations of the failed 1698-1700 Company of Scotland initiative to establish a colony on the Isthmus of Panama have emphasized its impact on the political future of Great Britain, the endeavor also intruded into a broader spectrum of geography, commercial enterprise and sociopolitics. The thesis examines the wider reverberations of the effort across four continents. Ranging from interruption of the lucrative slavetrade to the creation of an unintentional diaspora to opportunities for new alliances among European powers to ramifications for the indigenous Cuna, the Company of Scotland intruded into events on the eve of the seventeenth century in ways far beyond those previously considered.

Great importance is currently being given to any type of ecosystem; the tropical forest is one of them and it is our case. Also, in the same way, importance is given to ecosystems inhabitants, which in one or another manner depend of the ecosystems and for many years have demonstrated a harmonious relation with their environment. / In consequence, this thesis in its first chapter describes relevant issues of human communities that have lived for many years in the tropical forest located in the Darien province in the Republic of Panama. These communities are of the Embera and Wounaan indigenous groups. In particular, I present their point of view and the negative experiences that these groups have found with the scientific research which, in fact, has been conducted within their territories and that they have also been the object of for many years. Due to these conditions, the Embera and Wounaan state the wed to establish new policies to initiate a method of mutual understanding with an individuals and organized groups interested in conducting work in their territory. One of the proposals is to acknowledge participation and the right to understand and explain what is planned to be conducted as a research and to return obtained results by means of a well structured document.

No description available.

Ecological research aimed at the conservation of useful plants has rarely considered the spatial distribution of resources nor the potential implications for management. In this thesis I examined the spatial patterning of a group of 23 useful plant species on the 3,500 ha territory of a Kuna community in Darien, Panama. A systematic random sampling scheme was used to survey the distribution and abundance of the species, as well as the physical environment. A series of canonical analyses was conducted to evaluate the species-environment relationships and to identify spatial structures in the species distributions left unexplained by the environmental variables. Four distinct distribution patterns were identified among the species; these were most strongly explained by land-use, the degree of canopy closure and topography. Significant spatial structures, independent of the environmental variables, were related to anthropogenic pressures and an edaphic gradient. The habitat associations of the individual species are described and data on one species, Sabal mauritiiformis , is used to illustrate the utility of these data in the management of plant resources on human landscapes.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Les discours tenus aujourd’hui sur Georges Darien restent, pour une large part, associés à l’anarchisme. Pour en saisir les limites, la thèse remonte aux sources biographiques. La lecture de son œuvre− aussi riche que méconnue− prendra acte d’un moment fondateur : l’expérience des camps disciplinaires, en 1883. A partir de là, les fictions s’inscrivent dans une démarche contestataire. Le destin littéraire devient spéculaire, véritable miroir d’une âme entrée en résistance. Tenant à la fois de Balzac, Vallès ou encore Mirbeau, l’écrivain dénonce et engage sa responsabilité d’auteur. Combinant avec originalité des personnages et des situations, Darien revisite les problématiques de son époque : rapport à la bourgeoisie, à l’argent, aux institutions, à l’individu. A ce titre, sa littérature est un vaste territoire à explorer. Les pratiques d’écriture et les stéréotypies particulières de la « fin de siècle » font l’objet d’une analyse très critique. L’homme de lettres écrit sa contestation sous toutes les formes : roman, poésie, théâtre, pamphlet, journal, discours. Enfant perdu de la bourgeoisie, livré à la Grande Muette, assiégé par des visions cauchemardesques ; Darien a de quoi nourrir sa résistance scripturaire. Rien ne manquera à la parole libertaire qu’il exerce. Bagnes et armées connaîtront une satire des plus violentes. Famille et instances tutélaires délivreront des idéologies souvent ridicules. Nations et littérateurs donneront l’occasion de discuter la place de l’artiste et de forger un individualisme féroce. Sous le couvert de récits détonants, l’écrivain donne ainsi à voir matière, mais aussi manière. Surenchère, image, caricature, raisonnement par l’absurde, fondent une esthétique originale. La fiction ne fait jamais allégeance à un système de pensée, quel qu’il soit. Le continent littéraire sur lequel nous posons notre regard impose de revoir nos certitudes. Aller à la rencontre de Darien, c’est repenser la question de l’adhésion à l’anarchisme, au naturalisme ou encore au symbolisme. La littérature devient le laboratoire d’une pensée qui n’est jamais partisane, mais toujours soucieuse de décrypter. La démarche comparatiste comme la sociologie permettent d’engager ce décryptage. Finalement, lire ou relire Darien, c’est passer du singulier d’un destin littéraire au pluriel de nos destinées. Le texte retrouve son étymologie de « textus », ce fil qui se fait et défait au gré des écritures et des heurts de l’Histoire collective comme personnelle. / The speeches today Georges Darien remain largely associated with anarchism. To grasp the limits, the thesis goes back to biographical sources. Reading his œuvre− as rich as méconnue− take note of a founding moment: the experience of disciplinary camps, in 1883. From there, fictions are part of a protest action. The literary destiny becomes specular true reflection of a resistor input soul.Holding both Balzac Vallès or Mirbeau, the writer denounces and engages its copyright liability. Combining with original characters and situations, Darien revisits the issues of his time compared to the bourgeoisie, to money, to institutions, to the individual. As such, its literature is a vast territory to explore. Writing practices and specific stereotypes of the “end of century” are the subject of a highly critical analysis. The man of letters wrote his challenge in all forms: novel, poetry, theater, pamphlet, newspaper, speech. Lost child of the bourgeoisie, comes to the Great Muette, besieged by nightmarish visions; Darien has enough to feed his scriptural resistance. Nothing missed libertarian speech he exercises. Bagnes and armies will experience more violent satire. Family and guardianship bodies shall issue often ridiculous ideologies. Nations and writers will provide an opportunity to discuss the place of the artist and forge a fierce individualism. Under the cover of detonating stories, the writer gives to see and matter but also fashion. Increment, picture, cartoon, reductio ad absurdum, founded an original aesthetic. Fiction never pledged allegiance to a system of thought, whatever it is. The literary continent on which we lay our eyes means reviewing our certainties. Go to the meeting of Darien, is rethinking the issue of accession to anarchism, naturalism or symbolism. Literature becomes the laboratory of a thought that is never partisan, anxious to decrypt. The comparative approach such as sociology allow it to engage decryption. Finally, read or reread Darien is spend a singular literary destiny plural of our destinies. The text finds its etymology of “textus” this thread is done and undone at the discretion of the scriptures and clashes of collective history as personal.

Les discours tenus aujourd’hui sur Georges Darien restent, pour une large part, associés à l’anarchisme. Pour en saisir les limites, la thèse remonte aux sources biographiques. La lecture de son œuvre− aussi riche que méconnue− prendra acte d’un moment fondateur : l’expérience des camps disciplinaires, en 1883. A partir de là, les fictions s’inscrivent dans une démarche contestataire. Le destin littéraire devient spéculaire, véritable miroir d’une âme entrée en résistance. Tenant à la fois de Balzac, Vallès ou encore Mirbeau, l’écrivain dénonce et engage sa responsabilité d’auteur. Combinant avec originalité des personnages et des situations, Darien revisite les problématiques de son époque : rapport à la bourgeoisie, à l’argent, aux institutions, à l’individu. A ce titre, sa littérature est un vaste territoire à explorer. Les pratiques d’écriture et les stéréotypies particulières de la « fin de siècle » font l’objet d’une analyse très critique. L’homme de lettres écrit sa contestation sous toutes les formes : roman, poésie, théâtre, pamphlet, journal, discours. Enfant perdu de la bourgeoisie, livré à la Grande Muette, assiégé par des visions cauchemardesques ; Darien a de quoi nourrir sa résistance scripturaire. Rien ne manquera à la parole libertaire qu’il exerce. Bagnes et armées connaîtront une satire des plus violentes. Famille et instances tutélaires délivreront des idéologies souvent ridicules. Nations et littérateurs donneront l’occasion de discuter la place de l’artiste et de forger un individualisme féroce. Sous le couvert de récits détonants, l’écrivain donne ainsi à voir matière, mais aussi manière. Surenchère, image, caricature, raisonnement par l’absurde, fondent une esthétique originale. La fiction ne fait jamais allégeance à un système de pensée, quel qu’il soit. Le continent littéraire sur lequel nous posons notre regard impose de revoir nos certitudes. Aller à la rencontre de Darien, c’est repenser la question de l’adhésion à l’anarchisme, au naturalisme ou encore au symbolisme. La littérature devient le laboratoire d’une pensée qui n’est jamais partisane, mais toujours soucieuse de décrypter. La démarche comparatiste comme la sociologie permettent d’engager ce décryptage. Finalement, lire ou relire Darien, c’est passer du singulier d’un destin littéraire au pluriel de nos destinées. Le texte retrouve son étymologie de « textus », ce fil qui se fait et défait au gré des écritures et des heurts de l’Histoire collective comme personnelle. / The speeches today Georges Darien remain largely associated with anarchism. To grasp the limits, the thesis goes back to biographical sources. Reading his œuvre− as rich as méconnue− take note of a founding moment: the experience of disciplinary camps, in 1883. From there, fictions are part of a protest action. The literary destiny becomes specular true reflection of a resistor input soul.Holding both Balzac Vallès or Mirbeau, the writer denounces and engages its copyright liability. Combining with original characters and situations, Darien revisits the issues of his time compared to the bourgeoisie, to money, to institutions, to the individual. As such, its literature is a vast territory to explore. Writing practices and specific stereotypes of the “end of century” are the subject of a highly critical analysis. The man of letters wrote his challenge in all forms: novel, poetry, theater, pamphlet, newspaper, speech. Lost child of the bourgeoisie, comes to the Great Muette, besieged by nightmarish visions; Darien has enough to feed his scriptural resistance. Nothing missed libertarian speech he exercises. Bagnes and armies will experience more violent satire. Family and guardianship bodies shall issue often ridiculous ideologies. Nations and writers will provide an opportunity to discuss the place of the artist and forge a fierce individualism. Under the cover of detonating stories, the writer gives to see and matter but also fashion. Increment, picture, cartoon, reductio ad absurdum, founded an original aesthetic. Fiction never pledged allegiance to a system of thought, whatever it is. The literary continent on which we lay our eyes means reviewing our certainties. Go to the meeting of Darien, is rethinking the issue of accession to anarchism, naturalism or symbolism. Literature becomes the laboratory of a thought that is never partisan, anxious to decrypt. The comparative approach such as sociology allow it to engage decryption. Finally, read or reread Darien is spend a singular literary destiny plural of our destinies. The text finds its etymology of “textus” this thread is done and undone at the discretion of the scriptures and clashes of collective history as personal.