Background: Statins are among the most used drugs in Sweden. There are currently four statins available on the Swedish market; atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin and rosuvastatin. Statins act by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase, also known as HMG-CoA-reductase. HMG-CoA-reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol synthesis. Decreased hepatic cholesterol leads to increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) clearance from plasma to liver cells. Having a high level of LDL cholesterol is potentially dangerous as it can lead to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Statins significantly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with and without coronary heart disease. Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate if there are any differences between the different statins according to contemporary evidence. Method: This is a literary analysis. Studies included were searched from PubMed. A total of five studies were included. Results: The result of this study indicates rosuvastatin to be most efficacious in lowering LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and total cholesterol. It also improved the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) better than atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin. Study 1 showed rosuvastatin to lower LDL-C with statistical significance (P<0.001) across dose ranges (10-40 mg) after 12 weeks. Study 2 compared a dose ratio of 1:2 between rosuvastatin and simvastatin in lowering LDL-C with a 3.24% (95% CI 4.10 to 2.38) favor of rosuvastatin. Study 4 compared effects of atorvastatin 80 mg and rosuvastatin 20 mg in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction in a 4-week therapy. Rosuvastatin 20 resulted in a 35% compared with atorvastatin 80 mg 34% (P=0.59) reduction in LDL-C levels. Study 1 demonstrated rosuvastatin to improve HDL-C levels in daily doses of 40 mg with statistical significance compared with atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin. Study 1 demonstrated rosuvastatin to lower total cholesterol with statistical significance (P<0.002) across doses compared with atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin. Study 1 also demonstrated rosuvastatin to lower triglycerides more. In daily doses of 40 mg rosuvastatin had a statistical significance (P<0.002) versus simvastatin and pravastatin, but not atorvastatin. The P value between rosuvastatin and atorvastatin was not mentioned, neither the P-value between atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin. Conclusion: Statins are not equipotent. Rosuvastatin showed greater results in reducing LDL-C, triglycerides and total cholesterol with no increased risk of adverse events compared with atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin. Rosuvastatin still lacks in clinical experience which makes needs for further studies on this topic.

Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka, analysera och jämföra hur döden skildras i två skönlitterära barnböcker. Litteraturanalysen och tidigare forskning ska tydliggöra vilken vetenskaplig forskning som finns om hur barn förstår och bearbetar döden i olika åldrar och vilka konsekvenser, ansvarsområden och pedagogiska verktyg detta ålägger vårdnadshavare och skolan. Den ena boken som kommer att undersökas är Bröderna Lejonhjärta av Astrid Lindgren som publicerades 1973, den andra heter Lill-Pär och jag av Cecilia Davidsson och publicerades 2013. Fokus kommer att ligga på hur författaren skildrar döden i böckerna och även hur protagonisterna uttrycker, hanterar och bearbetar sin sorg över förluster och mötet med döden. Vidare ska skillnader i de två böckerna analyseras, samt hur och i vilken utsträckning man kan använda sig av böckerna i arbetet med barn som sörjer efter en förlust. Studien kommer att fokusera på språkstil, ordval, bilder och symbolspråk samt genre. Det kommer slutligen redovisas en sammanfattning om hur böckerna kan användas i undervisningssammanhang. / The purpose of this qualitative litterary study is to analyse death as a motif in two children’s books. Scientistic researches aim to show how children handle and understand death in different ages and which consequences this imposes for the adults around the children. Furthermore, the study will show how fictional children’s books can become a tool for guardians and the school who meet children in grief. The books that will be analysed are Astrid Lindgren’s The Brothers Lionheart, which was published in 1973 and Cecilia Davidsson’s Lill-Pär och jag, which was published in 2013. The main focus lies on how the main characters in the books handle their grief and how the authors describe death as a motif. To analyse that motif, the study will focus on language style, choice of words and symbols in the text. Whether the books are useful for communication between teachers and children who grief is analysed in this study.