Orientador: Lucila Chebel Labaki / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T07:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_LucianaOliveira_M.pdf: 4185533 bytes, checksum: 77ac20bdb30c73e7e2c896ddaae5d13a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O elevado consumo de energia elétrica pelas edificações brasileiras e o potencial de conservação de energia motivou a criação do "Programa Nacional de Eficiência Energética em Edificações" - PROCEL Edifica - a fim de avaliar e classificar o nível de eficiência energética desses edifícios. A consideração do entorno ao avaliar o nível de eficiência energética de um edifício pelo método da simulação, segundo os "Requisitos Técnicos da Qualidade para o Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Comerciais, de Serviços e Públicos" (RTQ-C), é opcional. Contudo, pesquisas destacam a influência da geometria urbana no desempenho energético das edificações. Nesta pesquisa foi analisada a influência do entorno sobre o uso da iluminação natural e sobre a etiqueta de eficiência energética de uma edificação comercial, através da simulação computacional. Para isso um modelo hipotético foi simulado nos softwares EnergyPlus e Daysim sob diferentes configurações de entorno e três sistemas de iluminação artificial. O primeiro permanece ligado durante o período de ocupação, o segundo é acionado pelo usuário quando necessário e o terceiro é utilizado por usuários passivos, mas controlado por dimmers. A metodologia utilizada para avaliação do nível de eficiência do edifício se baseia na recomendação do RTQ-C que consiste em comparar o consumo de energia do edifício proposto com edifícios similares cujas características correspondem aos níveis de eficiência. Tomando como referência os modelos cuja iluminação artificial permanece acesa durante todo o período de ocupação, os modelos com sistema controlado por interruptor apresentou uma economia média de 71% no consumo com iluminação e 35% no consumo total. O sistema com dimmers resultou em uma economia média de 50% e 23% respectivamente. No caso estudado, ambos os sistemas permitiram elevar o nível de eficiência energética do edifício proposto / Abstract: The high energy consumption of Brazilian buildings and the potential of energy savings have stimulated the establishments of the "National Program for Energy Efficiency of Buildings" - PROCEL Edifica - which evaluates and classifies the level of energy efficiency of these buildings. The "Quality Technical Requirements for the Energy Efficiency Level of Commercial, Services and Public Buildings" (RTQ-C) considers the modeling of the surroundings of the building optional to evaluate its energy efficiency by computational simulation. Nevertheless, researches indicate that urban geometry influences the energy performance of buildings. In this research it was analyzed the influence of the surroundings on the use of daylight in a non-residential building and thereafter on its energy efficiency label by means of computer simulation. For this purpose, a theoretical model of a non-residential building was simulated using the softwares Energy Plus and Daysim with different surroundings and three distinct electric lighting systems. The first one remains active during working hours. The second is activated by the user when needed, and the last one is triggered by passive users but controlled by dimmers. The methodology to evaluate the level of energy efficiency is based on the RTQ-C by which the energy consumption of the proposed building must be compared with similar buildings whose technical features match different levels of efficiency. With reference to the first system, the system controlled by the user resulted in an average economy of 71% on lighting annual consumption and 35% on total annual consumption. The dimmer system had an average economy of 50% and 23% respectively. In this case, both of the systems allowed raising the level of energy efficiency of the theoretical model / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Light guide is a tubular skylight with mirrored internal surface. It is a lighting device bringing daylight into the interior of a building without windows or into rooms with insufficient daylight. It presents the potential for energy savings, opens the possibility to use places that are not well lit and offers opportunities for improving the visual comfort of the indoor environment. This thesis reviews the potential of light guide system as a daylighting approach in building and presents results of experiments on performance of tubular skylight prototype. The main task of the thesis is focused on comparison of traditional light guide system and newly developed prototype, examination of its light transmittance and efficiency as well as its thermal behaviour in order to find possible improvements for applications in buildings.

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The doctoral thesis deals with a daylighting analysis of obstructed buildings in term of external obstacles location and the light reflectance of external surfaces. Static and dynamic daylight simulations were carried out using the software Daysim 3.1b. The doctoral thesis includes the validation of the software Daysim 3.1b for the daylight factor under the conditions of the CIE standard overcast sky model. The validation was performed using the Technical Report CIE 171: 2006, model measurements and in-situ measurements. For the comparative analysis of daylighting, a room obstructed by a row building, a continuous balcony and atrium walls was assumed. The external surfaces were designed with six light reflectance combinations. The daylight factor Dw on the window glazing from the external side and criteria determining the daylight amount inside the room were used for the daylighting analysis. The daylight amount is evaluated using the daylight factor under the CIE standard overcast sky model and using the daylight illuminance calculated based on the annual climate data for Prague. In the doctoral thesis, graphs and the regression models estimating the daylight factor Dw depending on an obstruction angle or a well index were built. Furthermore, regression models describing the relationship between the daylight factor and the daylight amount in the interior were also built. Based on the daylighting analysis of the obstructed buildings, three proposals to change the evaluation of the daylight accessibility on a façade were formulated.

The thesis is an outcome of a collaborative work between the author and an architect. It aims to answer design questions that were posed in the early stages by the team of a student architect and the author himself relating to the daylighting performance of the building located in Stockholm, Sweden. Two design elements of interest that were to be evaluated were decided: the orientation of the building and the effect of introducing an atrium in the building. Annual daylighting performance simulations were carried out and these two design elements were parametrically varied to see the effect on the daylight distribution inside the building for the given architectural model. For the same design parameters, an energy model was created and simulated to see the effect of these design alteration on the cooling loads of the building. The importance of early stage collaboration between engineers and designers have also been discussed which sets the contextual scene of the thesis.

As the green energy, sunlight provides a friendly-environment and reduces electricity used for lighting. Our target is to enhance the use of natural energy and minimize the consumption of electricity for improving indoor environments. For this reason, a hybrid lighting system, combining sunlight with LEDs for plant tissue culture, are presented. The optical fiber daylighting system consists of three main parts: concentration, collimation beam, and transportation. The concentration part is formed by Fresnel lenses to collect and focus the sunlight into a small area by a non-imaging optical effect. The collimation part consists of optical filters and collimator lenses; the optical filters are used to reflect the ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) regions, therefore, only the visible range of the solar light can be transmitted. The transportation part is a large-core optical fiber bundle. To increase the coupling efficiency, the collimator lens is used to expand and to collimate the focused light beam. The collimated light beam is then transported by the optical fiber bundle into a plant tissue culture room. In order to keep the plant tissue culture room at a constant illumination, a lighting control system based on LEDs is used to compensate variations of the natural light. In this paper, a prototype of optical fiber daylighting system and our proposed application will be presented. / Ánh sáng mặt trời, một nguồn năng lượng xanh, được sử dụng cho chiếu sáng nhằm mang lại nguồn ánh sáng thân thiện với môi trường và giảm điện năng. Mục tiêu của chúng tôi là tăng cường sử dụng năng lượng tự nhiên và linh kiện tiêu thụ điện thấp để cải thiện môi trường ánh sáng trong nhà và giảm tiêu thụ điện cho chiếu sáng. Vì lý do này, một hệ thống chiếu sáng kết hợp ánh sáng mặt trời với đèn LED để nuôi cấy mô thực vật sẽ được trình bày. Hệ thống chiếu sáng ban ngày bằng sợi quang bao gồm ba phần chính:Bộ phận thu nhận và hội tụ ánh sáng, bộ phận chuẩn trực chùm sáng và bộ phận vận chuyển ánh sáng mặt trời tới nơi cần chiếu sáng. Phần tập trung được hình thành bởi một thấu kính Fresnel để thu thập và hội tụ ánh sáng mặt trời vào một vùng nhỏ bằng hiệu ứng quang học không tạo ảnh. Bộ phận chuẩn trực chumg sáng bao gồm bộ lọc quang học và thấu kính chuẩn trực. Bộ phận vận chuyển là các bó sợi quang lõi lớn. Bộ lọc quang học được sử dụng để phản xạ vùng cực tím (UV) và vùng hồng ngoại gần (NIR), chỉ cho phần ánh sáng nhìn thấy truyền qua. Để tăng hiệu quả ghép nối, thấu kính chuẩn trực được sử dụng để mở rộng và chuẩn trực chùm ánh sáng hội tụ. Chùm sáng chuẩn trực sau đó được vận chuyển bởi bó sợi quang vào phòng nuôi cấy mô thực vật. Để giữ cho phòng nuôi cấy mô thực vật được chiếu sáng liên tục, một hệ thống điều khiển ánh sáng dựa trên đèn LED để bù lại sự biến đổi của ánh sáng tự nhiên. Trong bài báo này, một nguyên mẫu của hệ thống chiếu sáng ban ngày bằng sợi quang và ứng dụng đề xuất của hệ thống sẽ được trình bày.

The dilemma of keeping the daylight quality and view to the outside or protecting our eyes from disturbing glare by covering the window is a moment that probably everyone has experienced in their life. Having access to daylight and enjoying the view to the outside when there is not visual comfort has been a problematic issue related to the window in space. Shading devices are designed in different shapes and forms to control glare and also energy consumption inside the space. Using shading covers part of the window and it affects the light quality and view to the outside and can change our perception from architectural space.In this thesis, the main question is how can we protect the indoor space from discomfort glare without covering the whole part of the window by curtain, blinds or shading devices in order to keep daylight quality and view to the outside.Glare is a phenomenon that is related to the viewpoint of observers and in order to study the glare metrics, the data from 140 viewpoints of the observer in 20 different locations in one simulated room were analyzed based on three main factors:1- Glare Metrics2- Light Quality3- ViewThe 20 selected patterns were simulated in [Rhino /Grasshopper/ Diva] software to analyze the glare and daylight metrics in Solstices and Equinoxes. Also, in order to define a parameter for view, one questionnaire was used and the responses from 40 participants were collected and all of the data were evaluated by mathematics and statistics methods.The final aim of the study is to introduce some simple principles for patterns of shadings to provide better-daylit environment and view to the outside with most visual comfort conditions for the user inside the space.

This thesis project was aimed at designing an energy efficient, intelligent and humancentriclighting solution for one of the steel manufacturing units of Sardogan Industryand Trade. The proposed lighting design will be used in order to reinforce a sustainable,digital and productive work environment in this family-owned business. To set thetechnical fundamentals for the new lighting proposal, the effects of industrial lighting onproductivity, well being and energy efficiency were researched. For future comparison, aversatile site analysis was performed to assess the existing working and lightingconditions of the space. This research was supported by an investigation of smartlighting fixtures and informal interviews with managers and workers from differentworkgroups. After reviewing the data gathered through research and analysis sections,an Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT) electric lighting system, 16 new skylights openings,and an experimental lighting control strategy was proposed. In addition to the increasein overall quality of lighting, advancements in the fields of energy sustainability anddigitalization could be observed. Also with the integration of a new lighting solution, adecrease in absenteeism and accidents was expected as well as an increase inproductivity and morale.

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