The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is a pest with significant economic impact on the grape growing industry in South Africa and other parts of the world. With the isolation and synthesizing of the vine mealybug sex pheromone in 2001, new control options for the integrated management of the vine mealybug have been created. The status of sex pheromone monitoring as a tool in the integrated management of the vine mealybug has been evaluated from different perspectives. A significant quantitative difference in male vine mealybug trap catch numbers has been observed between wine and table grape vineyards and results indicated that there were differences in the susceptibility of grape cultivars to vine mealybug. Currently, the delta trap design is the accepted trap design for vine mealybug monitoring. No studies have yet been conducted to determine the optimum trap parameters like size or design. Population pressure may have an influence on the qualitative efficiency of various trap designs. The basis for degree-day forecasting models has been established adequately. However, refinements need to be done and the incorporation of factors such as humidity and regionality also need to be considered. Daily maximum temperatures fluctuating around the upper developmental threshold temperature for prolonged periods of time seemed to suppress population numbers. Different vineyard management practices exist for wine and table grape production. While an action threshold of 65 vine mealybug males per trap per two-week period seems an acceptable threshold for table grape production, it may not be appropriate for wine grape (or raisin grape) production. Using sex pheromone traps for population monitoring is a valid technique in the arsenal of management tactics against the vine mealybug. However, refinements and validation of research results must be done further to build credibility into the monitoring system. / Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

An investigation of permafrost (permanently frozen soil) was conducted in Canada’s subarctic region of Northern Ontario. Environmental baseline conditions and permafrost states were estimated using seasonal freezing and thawing energies based on observed climate data and the Stefan equation. Field studies provided measurements of the active layer depths and validated the permafrost states; laboratory studies of the soil samples provided characterization for organic materials that have high affinity for soil moisture. Palsas (unique dome-like formations) were observed to have enhanced permafrost cores beneath a thermal insulating organic layer. With climate change, results suggest the possibility of shifts from the classification of continuous to discontinuous permafrost states in areas lacking the presence of organic materials that can have environmental and ecological impacts. Northern infrastructures may become destabilized with the degradation of permafrost while palsas may become lone permafrost refuges for biodiversity that depend on cooler ecosystems, such as polar bears.

An investigation of permafrost (permanently frozen soil) was conducted in Canada’s subarctic region of Northern Ontario. Environmental baseline conditions and permafrost states were estimated using seasonal freezing and thawing energies based on observed climate data and the Stefan equation. Field studies provided measurements of the active layer depths and validated the permafrost states; laboratory studies of the soil samples provided characterization for organic materials that have high affinity for soil moisture. Palsas (unique dome-like formations) were observed to have enhanced permafrost cores beneath a thermal insulating organic layer. With climate change, results suggest the possibility of shifts from the classification of continuous to discontinuous permafrost states in areas lacking the presence of organic materials that can have environmental and ecological impacts. Northern infrastructures may become destabilized with the degradation of permafrost while palsas may become lone permafrost refuges for biodiversity that depend on cooler ecosystems, such as polar bears.

Orientador: Helenice de Oliveira Florentino Silva / Banca: Dinival Martins / Banca: Vanderlei Marcos do Nascimento / Resumo: O Brasil é um grande produtor agrícola. Os dados do Levantamento Sistemático da Produção Agrícola (LSPA), divulgados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), mostram uma previsão de 158,7 milhões de toneladas para a safra brasileira em 2011, um volume 6% maior que o recorde de 149,7 milhões de toneladas colhidas em 2010. Nos últimos anos a produção tem crescido e a área apta para plantio ainda não foi totalmente utilizada e estima-se que está sendo usada metade da área adequada para a agricultura. Esta grande produção se deve, em grande parte, ao clima do país, pois apesar das variações atuais de temperatura, o Brasil ainda possui um clima adequado para o cultivo de um grande número de espécies. Outro fator que tem sido relevante para o crescimento da agricultura é a evolução na forma de produção, pois a utilização de tecnologia de ponta e de novas variedades tem participação fundamental no desenvolvimento agrário. Mas, as grandes dimensões do país, a rapidez no desenvolvimento e as intensas modificações climáticas, têm trazido grandes problemas técnicos, econômicos e administrativos. Assim, os gestores deste setor têm buscado o auxílio de técnicas matemáticas e computacionais na obtenção de estimativas e nas tomadas de decisões. A modelagem matemática pode ser utilizada como ferramenta para auxiliar a melhoria na precisão e conseqüentemente na rentabilidade agrícola. Este trabalho propõe o uso de técnicas para modelagem matemática da temperatura diária, visando determinar equações matemáticas que descrevam as temperaturas diárias de um modo satisfatório, de tal forma que as curvas descritas pelas equações, auxiliem no cálculo de Graus Dia, que é uma importante medida na área de produção agrícola. Uma aplicação deste procedimento é feito para a cultura da cana de açúcar / Abstract: Brazil is a large agricultural producer. The data in the Systematic Survey of Agricultural Production (LSPA), released by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), show a forecast of 158.7 million tonnes for the brazilian harvest in 2011, a volume 6% higher than the record of 149.7 million tons harvested in 2010. In recent years the production has grown and the area suitable for planting has not yet been fully used and it is estimated that is being used half the area suitable for agriculture. This large production is, in large part, to the climate of the country, because in spite of the variations of current temperature, Brazil still has a suitable climate for the cultivation of a large number of species. Another factor that has been important for the growth of agriculture is the evolution in the form of production, because the use of high technology and new varieties are also fundamental in agricultural development. But, the big dimensions of the country, the speed in the development and the intense climate changes, has brought a great many technical problems, economic and administrative. Thus, the managers of this sector has sought the aid of mathematical techniques and computational to obtain estimates and in making decisions. The mathematical modeling can be used as a tool to help the improvement in accuracy and consequently in agricultural profitability. This paper proposes the use of techniques for mathematical modeling of daily temperatures, in order to determine how mathematical equations to describe the daily temperatures in a satisfactory manner, so that the curves as described by the equations, help in the calculation of Degree-Day, which is a significant extent in the area of agricultural production. An application of this procedure is done for the culture of sugar cane / Mestre

This thesis explores the multiple ways women’s capacity for political action was perceived, both by themselves as well as by others, in the early years of the French Revolution. By beginning with women’s journey to Versailles in the October Days of 1789 and concluding with the National Convention’s closure of all women’s political clubs in October 1793, this thesis will suggest that women perceived themselves politically and as viable revolutionary participants, but that these identifications were grounded in and shaped by hegemonic eighteenth-century gender norms, and often demonstrated continuity with their pre-revolutionary identities. In many cases, both men’s and women’s perceptions of women’s appropriate political roles were influenced by idealized standards and gender norms, as exemplified by the fictitious character, Sophie, from Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s 1762 treatise, Emile, or On Education. The ways women rationalized their political inclusion and situated themselves within the developing revolution demonstrate a sense of compromise with the same norms and ideals which were increasingly used to justify their complete exclusion from political life. Through stressing revolutionary ideals such as equality and unity and by underscoring the importance of their complementary revolutionary contributions, women presented a view of themselves as necessary and viable participants in revolutionary politics in a way that, by late October 1793, increasingly seemed to threaten established societal views on the appropriate boundaries of female political life. / Graduate / 2019-08-22

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de treinamento para a improvisação de uma cadenza na peça “The Days Fly By” de Frederick Rzewski. A improvisação é um aspecto que se manifesta de várias maneiras no trabalho e na trajetória deste compositor, sendo ele próprio pianista reconhecido por seus improvisos de cadenzas em concertos tradicionais. Seu processo de composição está intimamente relacionado ao da improvisação. É comum em suas composições a inclusão de uma seção em aberto para ser improvisada pelo intérprete. Utilizo os conceitos de referente, base de conhecimento de Jeff Pressing e ponto de partida de Bruno Nettl associados a um modelo de aprendizagem da improvisação proposto por Barry J. Kenny & Martin Gellrich. Esta pesquisa apresenta proposta de exercícios de improvisação fundamentados nos elementos detectados em uma análise da peça. / This research presents a training proposal for the improvisation of a cadenza in Frederich Rzewski!s"the Days Fly By". Improvisation is an aspect that, in several forms, appears in the work and trajectory of this composer. Himself a pianist, he is well known for his improvisations of cadenzas in traditional concerts. He has been a jazz musician and his process of composition is intimately related to the improvisation. It is usual to find in his compositions the inclusion of an open section to be improvised by the performer. I utilize Jeff Pressing!s concepts of referent, knowledge base and Bruno Netti!s point of departure associated to a training model of improvisation proposed by Barry J. Kenny and Martin Gellich. This research presents a proposal for exercises of improvisation grounded in revealed elements on an analysis of the piece.

This Thesis deals with the issue of the provision of sick days (days of paid medical leave). The main objective is the assessment of potential consequences of the introduction of paid medical leave for small and micro businesses. The research part looks at paid medical leave from two angles, from the perspective of employers but also from the perspective of selected employees who already use the employee benefit of paid medical leave, so-called sick days. Based on the data obtained from the surveys, this Thesis includes a detailed analysis of the results, which lead to the conclusion not recommending the introduction of paid medical leave. Concrete recommendations for employers are presented.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the chosen influences which effects the weight of lambs in the age of 100 days of breed texel. The evalution was done from 2013 to 2016 and the basic data set is consisted of 1149 lambs. The observed effects were sex, litter size, month of birth, year of birth, mother's age, father's line, and mother's father line. There was found a statistically highly significant difference in the monitoring of sex influence in male lambs (34,69 kg). A statistically significant difference was found in singles (35,14 kg) when evaluating the influence of litter size. There was found a statistically significant differences between the lambs born in May (36,78 kg) and February (37,29 kg), according to the influence of the month of birth. There is also the influence of the year of birth, a statistically highly significant difference was found between 2016 and 2015. There wasn't found a statistically significant difference in the influence of the mother's age. The influence of the father's line proved a statistically highly significant differences in the TAXI line (36,81 kg) and TAYLOR (37,76 kg). The evaluating of the influence of the mother's father line didn´t show a statistically significant difference in the TRISK line (48,50 kg). There wasn´t found a statistically significant difference in interaction of mother's father line and litter size.

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de treinamento para a improvisação de uma cadenza na peça “The Days Fly By” de Frederick Rzewski. A improvisação é um aspecto que se manifesta de várias maneiras no trabalho e na trajetória deste compositor, sendo ele próprio pianista reconhecido por seus improvisos de cadenzas em concertos tradicionais. Seu processo de composição está intimamente relacionado ao da improvisação. É comum em suas composições a inclusão de uma seção em aberto para ser improvisada pelo intérprete. Utilizo os conceitos de referente, base de conhecimento de Jeff Pressing e ponto de partida de Bruno Nettl associados a um modelo de aprendizagem da improvisação proposto por Barry J. Kenny & Martin Gellrich. Esta pesquisa apresenta proposta de exercícios de improvisação fundamentados nos elementos detectados em uma análise da peça. / This research presents a training proposal for the improvisation of a cadenza in Frederich Rzewski!s"the Days Fly By". Improvisation is an aspect that, in several forms, appears in the work and trajectory of this composer. Himself a pianist, he is well known for his improvisations of cadenzas in traditional concerts. He has been a jazz musician and his process of composition is intimately related to the improvisation. It is usual to find in his compositions the inclusion of an open section to be improvised by the performer. I utilize Jeff Pressing!s concepts of referent, knowledge base and Bruno Netti!s point of departure associated to a training model of improvisation proposed by Barry J. Kenny and Martin Gellich. This research presents a proposal for exercises of improvisation grounded in revealed elements on an analysis of the piece.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bianconi_a_me_rcla.pdf: 724071 bytes, checksum: e4d7c4d70181487635bf52b5b318a870 (MD5) / A germinação de sementes representa uma etapa crítica para a sobrevivência da maioria das fanerógamas. Composição de gases, temperatura e água são os principais fatores ambientais limitantes do processo de germinação. Entre esses, a temperatura e a água exibem maior grau de flutuação, tanto em escala temporal como espacial, no ambiente terrestre, funcionando como importantes sinalizadores ambientais para a semente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram fornecer a caracterização básica dos padrões germinativos de quatro cultivares (Carioca comum, Iapar 81, IPR Graúna e IPR Uirapuru) de Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae); determinar as faixas ótimas de germinação para cada cultivar (experimentos em gradiente térmico com água destilada); realizar experimentos com interação dos fatores temperatura e potencial osmótico com soluções de polietilenoglicol 6000, visando à aplicação de modelos matemáticos baseados nos conceitos de graus-dia, psi-dia e na combinação destes dois conceitos (modelo psi-graus-dia), para se efetuar a comparação da resposta germinativa de tais cultivares. A cultivar IPR Graúna apresentou a faixa ótima com maior variação de distintas temperaturas (nove temperaturas), baseando-se na velocidade média de germinação; contrastando com a Iapar 81, que não apresentou uma faixa ótima, mas sim um único ponto ótimo (32,6ºC). Nenhuma das quatro cultivares apresentou germinação acima de 38,2ºC nem abaixo de 10,3ºC nos experimentos em gradiente térmico (água destilada). As temperaturas base obtidas pelo modelo de graus-dia variaram de 8,4 a 9,2ºC. Os ajustes (todos os R2s ≥ 0,70) ao modelo psi-graus-dia foram adequados para todas as cultivares, tanto na faixa supraótima quanto na infraótima. Assim sendo, ainda que mais estudos sejam necessários para melhorar a qualidade dos ajustes obtidos em relação... / Seed germination constitutes a crucial phase in relation to the life cycle of plant species. The composition of gases, temperature and water availability are the main environmental factors that may hinder several germination processes. Temperature and water availability, for example, are able to fluctuate considerably and may act as environmental “status’ indicators to the seeds. The present work was aimed at furnishing a basic characterisation of the germination patterns of four Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars, viz. “Carioca comum’, “Iapar 81”, “IPR Graúna” and IPR Uirapuru; assessing the optimum range of germination for each cultivar; conducting experiments in which the effects of temperature and osmotic potential were simultaneously analysed in order to deploy mathematical models concerning the concept of degree-days (thermal time) with the aim of comparing the germination response of such cultivars. “IPR Graúna’ exhibited a wider optimum range of temperature (nine distinct values) and “Iapar 81” presented only one temperature value as the optimum temperature (32.6ºC). The four cultivars did not germinate at temperatures higher than 38.2ºC and lower than 10.3ºC. The base temperatures derived from the application of the thermal time models varied from 8.4 to 9.2ºC. Regarding the hydrothermal-time model, the quality of the data fitting were deemed to be adequate (R2s ≥ 0.70) both in the suboptimum range and in the supra-optimum range. Other researches should be conducted in order to corroborate the present findings; nonetheless, the common bean cultivars were able to be compared and contrasted and exhibited, on the whole, a relatively homogenous... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)