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Měnič pro umělou síť 230 V napájený z fotovoltaických panelů / 230 V inverter for isolated mains supplied from solar cellsMichálek, Pavel January 2016 (has links)
In this thesis is presented detail design of power part of DC/DC converter and output inverter. This device will serve for creating an artificial network in a family house where it will be used for supplying selected household appliances which are designed for use in AC network. The converter will be supplied with DC voltage. This tension will be obtained from a system of photovoltaic panels. The output voltage will have alternate character and it will be close to the network voltage 230 V/50 Hz. In the introductory part of thesis are discussed possible topologies of converters and output inverters. Subsequently are designed individual parts of supply inverter. In the final part there are shown waveforms of important values and is given a thesis evaluation.
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Análise de técnicas de detecção de ilhamento ativas em sistemas de geração distribuída baseados em inversores fonte de tensão / Analysis of active islanding detection techniques in distributed generation systems based on voltage source invertersCarvalho, Marina Silva Camillo de 23 March 2017 (has links)
A abordagem principal desse trabalho é o estudo de técnicas anti-ilhamento ativas com realimentação positiva em um sistema de Geração Distribuída (GD) composto por um Inversor Fonte de Tensão (VSI,do inglês Voltage Source Inverter) e com cargas locais conectadas em paralelo. Na literatura são encontrados dois grupos de técnicas empregadas como proteção anti-ilhamento: as ativas e as passivas. Os métodos de detecção de ilhamento ativos são utilizados, pois possuem menores zonas de não detecção em comparação às técnicas passivas, porém injetam distúrbios contínuos no sistema de GD. Esses distúrbios degradam a qualidade de energia elétrica fornecida pelo conversor eletrônico. Nesse contexto, como escopo dessa dissertação, é realizado o estudo da estrutura de controle empregada no sistema de GD conectado com a rede de distribuição, com o intuito de avaliar o funcionamento do gerenciamento de tensão e de potência ativa e reativa. E em seguida, são discutidas técnicas de detecção de ilhamento ativas em frequência e tensão, ambas, com realimentação positiva e ganho fixo com o objetivo de investigar o desempenho das mesmas em relação ao tempo de detecção e a injeção de distúrbios no sistema de controle da GD. A partir dessa análise, são desenvolvidas técnicas anti-ilhamento com intuito de reduzir a injeção de distúrbios em diferentes pontos de operação da GD e garantir uma eficiência semelhante aos métodos tradicionais em casos de difícil detecção. Essas técnicas são baseadas na implementação do cálculo de um ganho com realimentação positiva variável inversamente proporcional a variação de potência ativa ou reativa entregue a rede. Para validação das propostas presentes nesta dissertação, são obtidos resultados em simulações computacionais e, posteriormente são adquiridos resultados práticos através de uma bancada experimental compatível com o sistema de GD simulado. / The main approach of this thesis is the study of active anti-islanding techniques with positive feedback in a Distributed Generation (DG) system composed by a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and local loads. In literature two groups of techniques are used as anti-island protection: the active and the passive techniques. The active islanding detection methods are preferably used because of the smaller non-detection zones compared to passive techniques, however they inject continuous disturbances in the DG system, reducing the power quality provided by the VSI. In this context, as the scope of this dissertation, it is firstly carried out the study of control structures employed in grid-tied distribution system, to evaluate the operation of the voltage control loops, and the active-and reactive power managements. Additionally, we discuss active islanding detection techniques in frequency and voltage with positive feedback and constant gain, based on the classical, with the objective of investigating their performance in relation to the detection time and the injection of disturbances in the DG system. From this analysis, antiislanding techniques are developed to guarantee efficiency similar to the traditional methods in cases of small-power flow through the grid and minimize disturbances. These techniques are based on the calculation of the positive feedback variable gain inversely proportional to the deviation of active or reactive power delivered or absorbed from the grid. To validate this proposal, the results are obtained through computational simulations and experimental analysis, as well.
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DC/AC inverter based switched capacitor circuit topology with reduced number of components for low power applicationsBin Mohd Rozlan, Mohd Helmy Hakimie January 2017 (has links)
This thesis presents a new DC/AC inverter circuit which is based on a switched-capacitor circuit topology with reduced components (power switch and capacitor) count for low power applications. The proposed circuit has distinct features of both voltage boost-up and near sinusoidal (multi-level/staircase) AC output voltage. The main idea is to utilise a simple circuit technique called resonant-based Double Switch Single Capacitor Switched-Capacitor (DSSC SCC) with variable duty cycle Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control technique in such a way that multi-level voltage can be realised across a capacitor. In order to show the superiority of the applied technique, comparisons with other techniques/circuits configurations are presented. The circuit technique can significantly reduce the number of multiple stages of switched-capacitor circuit cells of the recent switched-capacitor multi-level inverter topology. The proposed inverter (with integrated DSSC SCC technique) can generate a line-frequency with 13-levels near sinusoidal AC output voltage with low total harmonics distortion. The output voltage can be achieved with the least number of components use and only a single DC source is used as an input. The proposed inverter topology is also reviewed against other inverter-based switched-capacitor circuit topology and the well-known multi-level inverter topology. The proposed inverter has shown a tremendous reduction in the total harmonics distortion and circuit component count in comparison with the recent Switched-Capacitor Boost multi-level inverter and the classical Cascaded H-Bridge multi-level inverter. Mathematical analysis shows the design of the proposed inverter and PSPICE simulation result to verify the design is also presented. The practical experiment implementation of the proposed system is presented and proves the correct operation of the proposed inverter topology by showing consistency between simulation results and practical results.
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Formulación y evaluación de imprimaciones epoxis anticorrosivas, curables a temperatura ambienteRodríguez Blasco, Maria Teresa 25 November 2004 (has links)
El objetivo fundamental de esta Tesis Doctoral es el estudio y desarrollo de un procedimiento de formulación de imprimaciones epoxis en base disolvente, curables a temperatura ambiente y con elevada capacidad protectora frente a la corrosión de aceros al carbono.El procedimiento de formulación desarrollado se basa, principalmente, en la utilización de técnicas electroquímicas, mecánicas y calorimétricas que permitan seleccionar de forma progresiva los componentes más adecuados, así como sus proporciones óptimas según el fin perseguido.El estudio se inició con la selección de la matriz orgánica, a continuación se determinó el pigmento y la cantidad de plastificante, para finalmente definir las proporciones de endurecedor y catalizador. Todas estas etapas han sido contrastadas por distintas técnicas, obteniéndose resultados concordantes y acordes con el objetivo propuesto.Una nueva técnica electroquímica, AC/DC/AC, ha sido desarrollada en la presente tesis con resultados coherentes con la técnica de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y los ensayos tradicionales, pero con la enorme ventaja de su corta duración (menos de 24 horas).Finalmente, todo el trabajo realizado ha permitido formular una imprimación que posee como características más relevantes su curado a temperatura ambiente, una elevada resistencia a corrosión y unos costes moderados, y está basada fundamentalmente en:- Diglicil éter de bisfenol A (DGEBA).- Endurecedor tipo poliamina alifática.- Catalizador tipo amino fenol.- Pigmentación anticorrosiva no tóxica.- Butil-bencil ftalato como plastificante.- Disolventes: metoxipropanol y metiletilcetona.
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Análise comparativa da energia injetada na rede por inversores módulos CA utilizados em sistemas fotovoltaicos / Comparative analysis of the injected energy on the grid by AC module inverters used on photovoltaic systemsKunzler, Luccas Matiuzzi 29 May 2013 (has links)
This Master's Dissertation aims to compare two topologies of AC Module converters, applied in photovoltaic systems. The principles of operation, the characteristic equations, the parameters found are detailed for both topologies, while their transfer functions are analyzed in order to present optimized controllers. Commercial components are determined for the real system simulation, based on the same criteria for both AC Modules. The analysis of the energy injected in the grid by each topology and their respective cost with active components provides a quality index that allows a fair comparison between them and determining which topology provides superior performance on the conditions of this study. Through this index is observed that the efficiency of the converter Full-Bridge ZVS Phase Shift AC Module is superior. Experimental results of the converter are presented validating the theoretical analysis and the operation of the topology. The application of this topology is on photovoltaic systems and enables the use of these systems at small scales and with great potential for expansion. The use of photovoltaic energy is of utmost importance in the global scenario, where the search for renewable energy grows exponentially. / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado tem como objetivo a comparação entre duas topologias de conversores Módulo CA, aplicados em sistemas fotovoltaicos. Os princípios de funcionamento, as equações características e os parâmetros encontrados são detalhados para as duas topologias. São especificados componentes comerciais para a simulação do sistema, baseando-se no critério apresentado para ambos os Módulos CA. A análise da energia injetada na rede para cada topologia e o levantamento do custo com componentes ativos proporciona a criação de um índice de qualidade. Este índice permite a comparação entre elas e a determinação de qual topologia apresenta maior injeção de energia na rede com o menor investimento em componentes ativos. Através desse índice se observa que em simulação o rendimento do conversor Full-Bridge ZVS Phase Shift Módulo CA é superior. Resultados experimentais do conversor são apresentados para validar as análises teóricas e o funcionamento da topologia. A aplicação da topologia é voltada para sistemas fotovoltaicos de baixa potência e possibilita a utilização destes sistemas em pequena escala e com grande possibilidade de expansão.
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INVERSOR BIDIRECIONAL PARA CONTROLE DE FLUXO DE POTENCIA EM MINIRREDES COM GERACAO DISTRIBUIDA / BIDIRECTIONAL INVERTER FOR POWER FLUX CONTROL IN MICROGRIDS WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATIONSilva, Felipe Simoes Freitas e 25 April 2014 (has links)
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Dissertacao Felipe Simoes Freitas e Silva.pdf: 5795737 bytes, checksum: dc589a2115d1b568db1a3c2b9de3f80c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-04-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work presents the study, modelling and assembling of a three-phase bidirectional DCAC converter suitable for operating as an interface between an energy storage system based on a battery bank and an isolated microgrid. The converter consists of two stages: a DC-DC stage
implemented with a bidirectional half-bridge converter that operates on buck or boost mode (during charge or discharge of the ESS, respectively), and a DC-AC full-bridge three-phase
bidirectional inverter. The two stages are connected through a DC link, which also works as a power-decoupling element. Isolation from the microgrid is obtained with a :-Y low frequency transformer. A control strategy is proposed where the DC-DC stage regulates the DC link voltage
level while the DC-AC controls the three-phase output voltage and frequency, therefore acting
as a grid-forming converter (GFC). A 15kW prototype was successfully built and tested in different situations. Simulation and experimental results are shown. / Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo, modelagem e montagem de um conversor bidirecional CC-CA trifásico de múltiplos estágios, projetado para operar como interface entre um sistema de armazenamento e uma minirrede isolada. O conversor consiste de dois estágios de conversão: um estágio de conversão CC-CC, implementado com um conversor buck-boost de meia ponte, que opera em modo buck ou boost (durante o carga ou descarga do sistema de armazenamento,
respectivamente), e um estágio de conversão CC-CA composto por um conversor CC-CA trifásico. Os dois estágios são conectados por um elo CC, que funciona como um elemento de desacoplamento de potência. Isolação galvânica é obtida através de um transformador de baixa frequência. Uma estratégia de controle é utilizada na qual o estágio CC-CC controla a tensão do
elo CC enquanto o estágio CC-CA controla a tensão e a frequência da minirrede, atuando, portanto, como um conversor formador de rede (CFR). Um protótipo foi montado e testado em diferentes situações. Resultados de simulação e de testes de bancada são mostrados.
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Análise de técnicas de detecção de ilhamento ativas em sistemas de geração distribuída baseados em inversores fonte de tensão / Analysis of active islanding detection techniques in distributed generation systems based on voltage source invertersMarina Silva Camillo de Carvalho 23 March 2017 (has links)
A abordagem principal desse trabalho é o estudo de técnicas anti-ilhamento ativas com realimentação positiva em um sistema de Geração Distribuída (GD) composto por um Inversor Fonte de Tensão (VSI,do inglês Voltage Source Inverter) e com cargas locais conectadas em paralelo. Na literatura são encontrados dois grupos de técnicas empregadas como proteção anti-ilhamento: as ativas e as passivas. Os métodos de detecção de ilhamento ativos são utilizados, pois possuem menores zonas de não detecção em comparação às técnicas passivas, porém injetam distúrbios contínuos no sistema de GD. Esses distúrbios degradam a qualidade de energia elétrica fornecida pelo conversor eletrônico. Nesse contexto, como escopo dessa dissertação, é realizado o estudo da estrutura de controle empregada no sistema de GD conectado com a rede de distribuição, com o intuito de avaliar o funcionamento do gerenciamento de tensão e de potência ativa e reativa. E em seguida, são discutidas técnicas de detecção de ilhamento ativas em frequência e tensão, ambas, com realimentação positiva e ganho fixo com o objetivo de investigar o desempenho das mesmas em relação ao tempo de detecção e a injeção de distúrbios no sistema de controle da GD. A partir dessa análise, são desenvolvidas técnicas anti-ilhamento com intuito de reduzir a injeção de distúrbios em diferentes pontos de operação da GD e garantir uma eficiência semelhante aos métodos tradicionais em casos de difícil detecção. Essas técnicas são baseadas na implementação do cálculo de um ganho com realimentação positiva variável inversamente proporcional a variação de potência ativa ou reativa entregue a rede. Para validação das propostas presentes nesta dissertação, são obtidos resultados em simulações computacionais e, posteriormente são adquiridos resultados práticos através de uma bancada experimental compatível com o sistema de GD simulado. / The main approach of this thesis is the study of active anti-islanding techniques with positive feedback in a Distributed Generation (DG) system composed by a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and local loads. In literature two groups of techniques are used as anti-island protection: the active and the passive techniques. The active islanding detection methods are preferably used because of the smaller non-detection zones compared to passive techniques, however they inject continuous disturbances in the DG system, reducing the power quality provided by the VSI. In this context, as the scope of this dissertation, it is firstly carried out the study of control structures employed in grid-tied distribution system, to evaluate the operation of the voltage control loops, and the active-and reactive power managements. Additionally, we discuss active islanding detection techniques in frequency and voltage with positive feedback and constant gain, based on the classical, with the objective of investigating their performance in relation to the detection time and the injection of disturbances in the DG system. From this analysis, antiislanding techniques are developed to guarantee efficiency similar to the traditional methods in cases of small-power flow through the grid and minimize disturbances. These techniques are based on the calculation of the positive feedback variable gain inversely proportional to the deviation of active or reactive power delivered or absorbed from the grid. To validate this proposal, the results are obtained through computational simulations and experimental analysis, as well.
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Design of isolated DC-DC and DC-DC-AC converters with reduced number of power switchesMallik, Dhara I. 07 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / There are various types of power electronic converters available in recent days. In
some applications (e.g. PC power supply), it is required to supply more than one load
from a single power supply. One of the main challenges while designing a power converter
is to increase its e ciency especially when the number of power switches employed is
relatively large. While several loads are supplied from a single source, if the power loss in
the switches cannot be reduced, then the expected utilization of using a single source is not
very feasible. To reduce the loss and increase e ciency, the thesis presents a novel design
with reduced number of switches.
The scope of this thesis is not limited to the dc-dc converter only, the converter to supply
three phase ac loads from a single dc source is also presented. This discussion includes an
improved fault tolerant configuration of the inverter part. The generated waveforms from
the simulations are included as a demonstration of satisfactory results.
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A Modular Architecture for DC-AC ConversionMcClure, Morgan Taylor 27 August 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Applications of battery energy storage to mitigate disturbances and uncertainties in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy resourcesSharma, Roshan 30 April 2021 (has links)
Solar photovoltaic (PV) is the fastest-growing energy resource. The price of energy generation from residential PV has dropped from $0.50 to $0.10 per kWh in the past decade. One challenge with this resource is that the amount of power available depends on the solar irradiance and temperature. Abrupt changes in solar irradiance can cause disturbances to the hosting electricity network and lead to voltage and frequency oscillations. The impact is more severe in a weak grid with high penetration of such resources. Evolving grid interconnection standards are imposing requirements to limit the impacts of these disturbances on the grid. Battery energy storage (BES) technology has also experienced a significant price drop (e.g., from $1100 to $156 per kWh for lithium-ion batteries) in the past decade. Therefore, complementary PV+BES solutions are increasingly considered. A BES of sufficient capacity equipped with appropriate controls can respond to both abrupt and long-term PV power variations. Properly formulating the problem and developing efficient control systems is crucial. These define the scope and objective of this research. This research develops two BES solutions. In the first one, the BES is co-located with the PV and connects to its dc output terminals. The BES controller ensures that the PV+BES system exhibits a desirable power ramp rate set by the user. In the second solution, the BES is not co-located with the PV. It detects the disturbances from their signatures on its locally measured signals and takes proper actions. An approach based on capacitor emulation combined with a droop mechanism is developed and optimally designed to provide dynamic and static supports. The BES can respond to the disturbances from more than one PV system and non-PV sources, such as load disturbances. The dissertation presents detailed modeling and control of the BES system. Optimal control techniques are developed to ensure robust and fast responses. For the simulation study, the proposed BES systems are implemented in a hybrid dc/ac study system and the effect on both dc and ac subsystems are investigated. The real-time results obtained by implementing the proposed controllers on laboratory-scale hardware prototypes are also presented.
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