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Durch Änderungen im persönlichen Verhalten kann jede und jeder ganz persönlich etwas für den Schutz unseres Klimas tun. Diese Broschüre enthalt viele Praxistipps für mehr Klimaschutz – unkompliziert, einfach umzusetzen, verständlich. Redaktionsschluss: 26.11.2021

The applicability of protein-rich press cake from mechanical seed oil production is limited because of its relatively high residual oil content. To overcome this drawback, pumpkin and sunflower press cakes were deoiled at room temperature by using two green solvents, namely ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Hexane, which is mostly used in the plant oil industry, was used as a reference. The derived meals were analysed regarding composition as well as with respect to technofunctional properties such as water-binding capacity, water solubility, nitrogen solubility and colour. Extraction efficiencies of more than 94% were achieved once the solvents were refreshed during extraction. In contrast to pumpkin meal, solvent-specific differences in the residual oil content of sunflower press cake were discovered, which was lowest for hexane and highest for ethanol. The water-binding capacity and nitrogen solubility of the meals were improved after solvent extraction. The results indicate that it is possible to replace hexane with more sustainable green solvents such as ethanol or isopropyl alcohol to extract residual oil from sunflower and pumpkin press cake.

Fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 leads to a renaissance of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as additional tool to follow epidemiological trends in the catchment of treatment plants. As alternative to the most commonly used composite samples in surveillance programs, passive sampling is increasingly studied. However, the many sorbent materials in different reports hamper the comparison of results and a standardization of the approach is necessary. Here, we compared different cost-effective sorption materials (cheesecloths, gauze swabs, electronegative filters, glass wool, and tampons) in torpedo-style housings with composite samples. Despite a remarkable variability of the concentration of SARS-CoV-2-specific gene copies, analysis of parallel-deposited passive samplers in the sewer demonstrated highest rate of positive samples and highest number of copies by using cheesecloths. Using this sorption material, monitoring of wastewater of three small catchments in the City of Dresden resulted in a rate of positive samples of 50% in comparison with composite samples (98%). During the investigation period, incidence of reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the catchments ranged between 16 and 170 per 100,000 persons and showed no correlation with the measured concentrations of E gene in wastewater. In contrast, constantly higher numbers of gene copies in passive vs. composite samples were found for human adenovirus and crAssphage indicating strong differences of efficacy of methods concerning the species investigated. Influenza virus A and B were sporadically detected allowing no comparison of results. The study contributes to the further understanding of possibilities and limits of passive sampling approaches in WBE.

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BACKGROUND: Three different organic sunflower seed cakes, produced from seeds differing in the content of their hulls, were extracted by two different extraction methods – conventional extraction (CE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The total phenolic compound (TPC) content of the extracts was evaluated using Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent (FCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant capacity of extracts was evaluated with the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. RESULTS: The results showed that both extracts displayed high TPC content and antioxidant capacity. The UAE method showed significantly higher TPC content and antioxidant capacity values than CE. Individual phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid (CGA) isomers (3-, 4- and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acids), di-CGA isomers, and feruloylquinic and coumaroylquinic acids were identified according to their exact masses by HPLC coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the UAE method could be used effectively to facilitate the extraction of phenolic compounds from sunflower seed cake. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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