Cílem této práce je rozbor industrializace a vývoje obrábění v oblasti jaderných komponent z hlediska samotného obrábění a také z hlediska CNC obráběcích strojů. Nejprve je vybrán představitel pro danou oblast, Framatome, a dále jsou představeny a analyzovány klíčové obráběcí operace. Následně je navržena obráběcí technologie, která je verifikována pomocí obráběcích testů a metody párování materiálu nástroje a obrobku a je vytvořen model sil při obrábění.

This thesis deals with recreational activities at the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century. Theoretical part focuses on society that is going through significant changes in the process of industrialization. The middle class of society is trying to demonstrate their social status by leisure time activities. Many people are becoming members of sports and touristic clubs. They also take interest in their local environment and cultural events generally. These activities are also frequently followed by raising nationalism. Important chapter is devoted to landscape ecology. At the end of the theoretical part there's also analysis of historical novel mentioning this topic. The empirical research describes origins and development of Pikovice summer resort which served to Prague citizens mainly. First there's a description of environment and geography of the region followed by local history. The key chapter is explaining in detail the development of private recreational houses and then it analyzes social status of their owners and of the construction companies that were involved. Also a discussion is given about the changes in landscape caused by extended construction works. Key words: Pikovice, Recreation, Villas, Cabins, Tramping, Industrialization, Countryside

Lake Victoria situated in East Africa faces an acute problem with eutrophication. Many reasons like agricultural production, industrialization, anthropogenic processes, the introduction of species, and economic activities have caused a stress to the overall well-being of the lake. Excess carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus drive an increase in productivity which affects eutrophication. Previous studies on sediments and nutrient concentrations in the lake have concluded that nutrient concentrations increase due to release from the catchment. This study focuses on catchment sediments collected from four different sites and compares the results with sediments from two additional sites in the lake. The sediment core from Siaya indicates the highest concentrations of TOC (180 g/kg), TN (13 g/kg) and TP (17000μg/L). It is a rural site and poor agricultural practices such as the burn and slash, use of too many fertilizers, clearance of land, atmospheric deposition and precipitation increase elemental concentrations in the sediments compared to the more urban sites. In the lake sediments, the BILL core had higher concentrations of TP (430g/kg) and TN (16 g/kg) compared to the other site (LV-95) which is located far away from the margins of the lake. This core, however, had high TOC levels (180g/kg). The increase of nutrient levels in lake sediments is thought to be due to non-point sources from the catchment. Analyses of stable carbon isotope were used to infer the different organic matter source in the sediments. Based on the range of values for δ13C vs. C/N it is inferred that aquatic algal production and C4 vascular plants are the dominant sources for the organic matter input. The chemical characterization of catchment and lake sediments provides a qualitative link to nutrient influx and eutrophication in the lake.

Examensarbete är den avslutande delen i utbildningen till Civilingenjör, arbetets omfattning är 20 poäng av de totalt 180 poäng som utgör utbildningen. Examensarbetet har utförts på Sapa Automotive i Vetlanda.Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att ta fram en utvecklingsmetod som Sapa Automotive kan använda sig av vid sina utvecklingsprojekt, gällande själva konstruktionsarbetet, av takräcken till bilindustrin. Sapa Automotive är specialiserade inom produktutveckling och tillverkning av komponenter och system baserade på strängpressade aluminiumprofiler för fordonsindustrin. En av Sapa Automotives affärsidéer är erbjuda kunderna utveckling av takräck till personbilar. I dessa projekt tar Sapa Automotive på sig att utifrån givna designförutsättning utveckla de ingående komponenterna och sedan industrialisera den färdiga konstruktionen. Resultatet av examensarbetet var en manual som Sapa Automotive kan använda sig av vid kommande utvecklingsprojekt. Manualen innehåller CAD-metodik, dokumentationsmallar, konstruktionsriktlinjer och toleranskedjeblankett. Och även en beskrivning på hur konstruktören själv kan utföra sina egna FEM-beräkningar direkt i CAD-verktyget. / The master thesis is the final part of the Master of Science education, the thesis extent 20 points of the total 180 that the educations contains of. This master thesis has been done at Sapa Automotive in Vetlanda. The aim with the thesis was to develop a method that describes how Sapa Automotive should work in their development project, concerning the design work, of roof rails to the automotive industry. Sapa Autototive is specialized within product development and manufacturing of components containing extruded aluminum profiles to the automotive industry. One of the business areas is design and manufacturing of roof rails for passenger cars. In this projects Sapa Automotive handles the design of the parts that the roof rail is build and they also handles the industrialization of the finished design. The result of the master thesis was a guidebook that Sapa Automotive could use in their upcoming development project. The guidebook contains CAD-methods, documentation forms, design guidelines and tolerance chain form. And also descriptions on how the designer can do his/her own FEA-calculations in the CAD-program.

Firms are the unit cells of the economy. Understanding how they create value is key todesigning policies that promote sustainable growth. In this dissertation, I study how two major trends: globalization and rising inequality, affect the causes and consequences of firm growth. Chapters 1 and 2 focus on the interaction of multinational firms and domestic firms in developing countries, while chapter 3 looks at the unequal distribution of consumer gains from the expansion of a firm in the United States. Specifically, in Chapter 1, I study how the presence of multinational firms affects how domestic firms grow. I investigate the hypothesis that uncertainty about product quality, a distinctive feature in developing countries, leads consumers to prefer products made by multinational firms headquartered in high-income countries, as opposed to domestic firms. Combining barcode-level consumption data from Mexico with information about the origin of the producers of the goods, I measure a precise foreign price premium of at least 16%. While the availability of foreign goods increases consumers’ welfare, the dominance of foreign firms may also hinder the growth of domestic firms. I then document the following novel facts about the consumer packaged goods industry in Mexico: 1) domestic firm sales growth is driven by older goods rather than new goods; 2) domestic goods have slower and longer life-cycles than foreign goods; 3) the extensive customer margin is key to growth for both types of firms; 4) domestic firms depend relatively more on the intensive margin for customer growth; and 5) new customers of older domestic goods are poorer than those of new goods. I estimate a demand model, showing that the price premium elicited in the raw data can be attributed to consumers’ relative preference for foreign goods. Importantly, this preference fades over time. I show that this is consistent with consumers learning about product quality, and provide consumer-level empirical evidence for this mechanism. Demand-side policies may be useful complements to classic industrial policy tools. Chapter 2 looks inside multinational firms to understand how contextual factors may affect the probability of spillovers from multinationals to the domestic sector. A distinct feature of multinationals is a three-tier hierarchy: foreign managers (FMs) supervise domestic managers (DMs) who supervise production workers. Surveys suggest that language barriers impede interactions between FMs and DMs. An experimental protocol that offers DMs free English language courses confirms that lowering communication costs increases their interactions with FMs. A second experimental protocol that asks human-resource managers at domestic firms to rate hypothetical resumes reveals that multinational experience and, specifically, DM-FM interactions are valued in the domestic labor market. Taken together, the protocols suggest that reducing language barriers can improve transfers of management knowledge to domestic workers, and a longer-run survey indicates treatment DMs’ improvements in soft skills. We further examine why MNCs and DMs may under-invest in language training. Complementary policies such as language subsidies can increase the probability of positive spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment. In Chapter 3, I study the expansion of a large, high-quality firm in the United States and itsimpact on the competitive landscape. The arrival of high-end grocery stores in neighborhoods is a harbinger of gentrification. However, economic theory generally predicts that the entry of firms is good for consumer welfare. This paper combines barcode-level retail data with a newly collected dataset on the opening dates of Whole Foods, a high-end grocery chain in the United States, in new neighborhoods, to estimate the effect of entry. I show that Whole Foods’ entry causes prices to rise by three percent for households in the bottom half of the income distribution, while prices don’t change for households in the top half of the income distribution. This finding is robust to changing the sample of stores and the set of control variables and to a falsification test using announcement dates instead of entry dates. Building on differentiated competition models, I show that this unexpected effect of entry can happen because incumbent stores catering to high-income households are closer to Whole Foods’ assortment and therefore behave pro-competitively when Whole Foods arrives, while incumbent stores catering to low-income households are quite differentiated and are able to raise their prices. Policies seeking to address gentrification should take the business side of this phenomenon into account.

Biodiversity has been heavily impacted by anthropogenic landscape changes associated with natural resource extraction. Terrestrial mammals, which disproportionately maintain ecosystem functions, are among the species most affected by anthropogenic landscape changes. In turn, it is important that we incorporate mammal conservation into natural resource extraction to mitigate biodiversity change, for which we must better understand the dynamics of mammal communities. I used data from motion-activated camera traps deployed in the northwest Nearctic to investigate two aspects of mammal communities: how the environment shapes fine-scale mammal diversity and how mammalian predator species coexist. In my first study, I compared how well natural and anthropogenic landscape features explain fine-scale mammal diversity within and between six variably industrialized landscapes. I found that anthropogenic landscape features explain fine-scale mammal diversity better than natural features in heavily industrialized landscapes, where they may increase or decrease diversity. In my second study, I examined whether prey partitioning facilitates the coexistence of mammalian predator species in an industrialized boreal landscape. My findings suggest that sympatric predator species only partially partition prey, as some predator species had identical prey associations. Strikingly, though, I also found that all predators were positively associated with white-tailed deer, an invasive prey species made abundant by industrial landscape changes. Together, these findings reveal that industrial landscape changes significantly alter both the spatial distributions and predator–prey dynamics of mammal communities. This work can inform conservation and restoration strategies for slowing biodiversity change. / Graduate

What kinds of sensory adjustments allowed human beings to industrialize? If we accept Lewis Mumford's proposition that the era of coal, iron and carbon fuel production was accompanied by a broad scale "starvation of the senses" (Mumford 1963 [1934], 180), then what is the material evidence of this sensory suppression or deferral? What is the material culture of feeling -- or unfeeling -- that accompanied the arrival of the Anthropocene? One of the implications of this question is that the aesthetic and anaesthetic imperatives that escorted Americans into industrial life have simply continued in different forms, but without the belief in industrial 'progress' to give context or meaning. Social forms of industrialism endure within a void of purpose; this gives the imperative of anaesthetization renewed fuel as a buffer for the difficulties that accompany the ongoing environmental catastrophe. Historical and archaeological evidence collected during my recent investigations into the natural cement company town of Whiteport, New York, suggest that the aesthetic and anaesthetic origins of industrial society share a common source and destination in the world of dream, whereas the aesthetic impulse emerges from imagination and reverie and anaesthetic deferral is one of renunciation and self-preservation.

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