The thesis presents current understanding of the concept of death and criteria for diagno- sis of death in the context of organ donation. We will argue that 1) the dead donor rule should not be the necessary condition for retrieving organs for transplantation and 2) it should be permissible to retrieve organs from patients that are imminently dying (not dead yet), with respect to the principle of autonomy and non-maleficence. We will first present the impossibility and current inconsistencies in determining the exact "moment of death" and we will then demonstrate that current organ donors do not fulfill biological criteria for death and that the dead donor rule is not respected in clinical practice. We suggest that in the context of recent major technological advances in the field of critical care medicine the dead donor rule becomes irrelevant and does not contribute to the transplantation ethics. The legal concept of death and the biological phenomenon of death become more and more distant. We argue that declaring death is not necessary for ethically justified policy in transplantation. Both the societal trust and the protection of vulnerable individuals can be ensured by different ethical principles (i.e. the principle of autonomy and the principle of non- maleficence). The sound ethical...

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In this work, I will analyze several ancient myths, which are bonded by theme of chthonic symbolism. Vegetation cycle, dead and rebirth are topics, which we think were important for ancient cultures and analyzed myths should be a way, how those civilizations interpreted and understood to various aspects of rebirth and periodicity of life. In my effort to better comprehension of various attempts to cycles of vegetation and life, I will analyze several chthonic myths of ancient societies, which I will compare afterwards. Methodology of my analysis is inspired by narrative analysis and studies of folktales made by Vladimir Propp. I am using my own method based on his analysis of characters and their function. I am mostly focusing on characteristic of persons in myth, their role and function and on presence of chthonic symbols. This analysis is used for comparison of specific aspect of researched myths. Outputs of this research are some similarities founded in structure of myths, mostly in characteristic and roles of specific characters. On the other hand, some deities, which were commonly equated for instance by J.G. Frazer, are looking much more different, in their roles in researched myths. Analysis of methodology leads me to belief, that bigger attention to specific myths could be more useful, than...

In this work, I will make content analysis of several ancient myths, which are bonded by theme of chthonic symbolism. Vegetation cycle, dead and rebirth are topics, which we think were important for ancient cultures and analyzed myths should be a way, how those civilizations interpreted and understood to various aspects of vegetation rebirth and periodicity of life. In my effort to better comprehension of various attempts to understand and clarify cycles of vegetation and life, I will analyze several chthonic myths of ancient societies. For that I will use content analysis, where I am coding content of analyzed myths to several categories and subcategories. Afterwards, I am trying to find chthonic motive in coded content. This motive is explaining, how myth understand the cycles of life and death or vegetation. At the end, I am looking for this motives, in social institutions of those ancient societies. Founded motives are different in every myth, but they are still bonded with question of chthonicity. They also have a counterpart in various social institutions.

Presented in the session “Boundary Bodies: Critically Thinking the Body in Contemporary Osteoarchaeology.” The last 10 years have seen an increase in high-profile historical forensic cases in the popular press, an area of investigation called forensic biohistory. This area typically involves effort to positively identify the famous dead (such as the case Richard III), of to characterize matters of facts surrounding famous historical remains (Mozart’s cause of death) or historical events (such as the Donner party and the Mountain Meadows Massacre in the Western United States), forensic biohistory remains undertheorized and under-considered as a locus of investigation in its own right. Such consideration is worthwhile however because forensic biohistory offers a unique opportunity for anthropologists to engage the public. Bodies of the famous dead serve as boundary objects through which various interested parties (including scientists) intersect. This potential is, however, coupled with a unique set of ethical challenges that researches must face because frequently we are asked to serve as arbiters and judges of the validity of narratives surrounding the bodies in question. In the presentation we discuss forensic biohistory as a district area of research and highlight some of the potential opportunities and challenges that define it as a whole.

Players of an open-world video game are more than merely audience members watching a narrative play out--they actively participate and perform in the world. Drawing from scholars like Edmund Husserl, Konstantin Stanislavski, Ossy Wulansari, and PJ Manney, this paper explores principles of performance, phenomenology, and empathy to examine how open-world role-playing games, specifically Red Dead Redemption II, help players experience empathy. Constructing this experience through character attachment, length of play, and identification in a safe experimental space, these games become a bridge leading to greater empathy for people who are different from the player. The immersive nature of these games provides a suitable area for studying the effects of this media on a player's development of empathy for the character they play, others in the game world, and beyond. This paper focuses on this phenomenon through the player's performance of the main character, Arthur Morgan, and attempts to connect how this experience applies to the real-world building of player empathy.

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The presented doctoral thesis deals with the problems of the corporate dead capital management in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The dramatic development of the financial markets in the recent years, related mainly to the development of communications technologies and to globalization, enabled Czech companies to make easy use of the capital markets to up-value their momentarily surplus dead capital. The reason why Czech companies have not used this possibility so much so far is partly the tradition of using banking institutions, partly the historically not very developed Czech financial market, and last but not least the worries about the risk of money depreciation. This thesis deals with the optimal portfolio creation methods in the conditions of the Prague Stock Exchange, including the risk management. The theoretical part of the thesis analyses the individual segments of the financial and capital markets from different points of view and it also analyses the dead capital management risks. An independent chapter is dedicated to the stock exchange indices as prospective underlying assets for financial derivatives. The chapter then analyses the structure of PX index, which includes the most liquid Czech shares. The thesis pays substantial attention to the legal and economic analyses of the financial derivatives as possible instruments, alternatively utilizable for appreciation of the dead capital. Financial derivatives do not necessarily represent a considerably higher risk for the company than using other financial instruments if their usage is accompanied by suitable risk mitigation methods. The view of financial derivatives as a game of hazard is analysed separately. This analysis aims to avoid potential legal complications that could be connected with financial derivatives. The closing section of the theoretical part describes the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), and then it extends and modifies it for the conditions of the Prague Stock Exchange. The practical part of the thesis describes the methods of creating the optimal portfolio, which might help the company appreciate the dead capital. The procedures of creating the portfolio are verified on particular titles, including the possibility of using a financial derivative and comparison of both approaches. The conclusion outlines the prospective development of the Czech capital market.

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