京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 乙第13348号 / 論人博第53号 / 新制||人||226(附属図書館) / 2019||論人博||53(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 水野 尚之, 教授 廣野 由美子, 准教授 小島 基洋, 教授 波戸岡 景太 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Ett hållbart tänkande blir allt viktigare i dagens samhälle. EU-kommissionen har beslutat att resurser ska användas på ett mer effektivt sätt för att främja en hållbar utveckling. Inom byggbranschen kan detta handla om Design for Deconstruction (DfD), vilket kan översättas till projektering för demontering. En tidigare undersökning för DfD har genomförts av SBUF tillsammans med NCC för att kartlägga demonterbarhet för stomelement. Osäkerheten finns däremot kring hur enkelt det är att demontera och detta kräver ytterligare utredning. Denna undersökning syftar därför till att göra en kvalitativ studie av hur det ser ut i praktiken i Sverige samt vilka tankar som finns hos främst projektörer och leverantörer. Arbetets mål är att bidra till en ökad kunskap och medvetenhet inom byggbranschen kring hur byggelement kan projekteras med hänsyn till DfD. Den huvudsakliga frågan som behandlas i denna undersökning är hur demontering och återanvändning kan tas hänsyn till redan i projekteringen.En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att skapa en överblick av kunskapsläget och tillämpningen av DfD som sedan verifierades och kompletterades med en intervjuundersökning.Projektering för demontering har stor betydelse för att öka byggbranschens resurseffektivitet och förbättra avfallshanteringsprocessen. Byggandet idag ser främst till funktion och estetik framför värdet i att demontera och återanvända komponenter, material eller byggelement. För att möjliggöra demontering och återanvändning bör elementen standardiseras och tillämpas för byggnader där verksamheten kan komma att ändras eller flyttas. Håldäcks- och massivelement är mest lämpade för detta, tack vare sin flexibilitet.Vanliga kopplingar som används idag är kramlor, bult, dubb, svetsplåt, expanderbult och skruvfäste. Vid projektering för demontering är en allmän regel att kopplingar ska vara reversibla. Mekaniska kopplingar är därför mest lämpliga för demontering och återanvändning. Många kopplingar och lyftsystem för byggelement är idag inte helt lämpade för demontering och återanvändning. Både kopplingar och lyftsystem behöver därför utvecklas vidare.För att kunna etablera en cirkulär princip behövs även dokumentation och spårbarhet, för byggelementen. Dokumentation om spårbarhet och demontering är idag näst intill obefintlig. Anvisningar för demontering måste finnas tillgängliga, som separata dokument eller monteringsanvisningar vilka kan användas vid demontering. En ny metod som kallas materialpass tillsammans med GTIN (Global Trade Item Number) och RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) kan vara en lösning på spårbarhet och samling av dokumentation. Om information ska vara tillgänglig om 100 år behövs ett tidlöst och oberoende format utvecklas för att samla och lagra information och dokumentation.Hänsyn till demontering måste tas redan i projekteringen vilket innebär att arkitekter och andra projektörer kan påverka om byggnaden skall vara demonterbar. För att säkerställa att det är möjligt att genomföra bör även leverantören involveras tidigt. Ska demontering och återanvändning bli en verklighet måste framförallt krav komma från beställare och politiker. Nyttan som ges är långsiktig och det är förvaltarna som kan ta del utav den nyttan. Förutom beställare och myndigheter kan även branschorganisationer driva frågan framåt. Slutligen är det de som kan göra ekonomisk vinning på demontering som kommer driva den frågan framåt. / The EU-commission has decided to use resources more efficiently to promote sustainable development. For the building sector, this means Design for Deconstruction (DfD). A previous study for DfD has been conducted to map disassembly for superstructures. Uncertainties about the difficulty to disassemble and this requires further examination. This study therefore aims to make a qualitative study of what it looks like in practice in Sweden among consultants and suppliers. The main issue dealt with in this study is how disassembly and reuse can be considered in an early stage.A literature study was conducted to provide an overview of the state of knowledge and application of DfD, which was subsequently verified and supplemented by an interview survey.Design for deconstruction is of great importance for increasing the resource efficiency of the building sector. Hollow core- and solid slab elements are suitable for deconstruction and reuse. A general rule for DfD is that connections must be reversible. Mechanical connections are therefore most suitable. To enable reuse, the connection- and lifting systems needs to be further developed.In order to establish a circular economy, documentation and traceability are needed. Disas-sembly instructions or assembly instructions that can be used for disassembly must be available. Material passport along with Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) and Radio Frequency Iden-tification (RFID) can be a solution to traceability and collection of documentation. For inform-ation to be available in 100 years, a timeless and independent solution is needed.Consultants together with architects can design the building to enable deconstruction. To ensure that it is possible to implement, the supplier should be involved early on. If deconstruction and reuse are to become a reality, requirements must come from clients or authorities. In addition to the client and the authorities, industry organizations can push the issue forward.

For theory and literature to evolve parallel to the subject matter which it associates, it recurrently progresses through admittance of variably incremental, yet critical, entries. This is the nature of modernism. This thesis reflects on one important point in the life of modernism, the advent at which society is first formalized and assimilated into theory: the origin of social theory, a point indisputably influential to twentieth century philosophy, but just eclipsed by one of that century's most noticeable theoretical features. The past century saw the rise and fall of a universalizing framework called structuralism. Informing the disciplines, especially the social sciences, on unearthing matters of the unconscious, structuralism occupied a place of knowledge-generation in a world entering its atomic youth. The heirs of this framework are the poststructuralists, and my paper applies poststructuralism to pre-structural social theories. The purpose of this activity is to articulate the value dormant in these dated theories by recontextualizing their abstracted elements for a world ready to use them. The developed world has acquired a postmaterial status in regard to the necessities of survival, as Inglehart explains, while the developing world burdens to address materialist concerns in close contingency to cultural and traditional concerns. This opens up the discussion to a greater postmodern debate, one involving politics, economic status, cultural difference, and more. The international stage has consolidated a considerable level of liberty, but the semantics are often neglected in light of the success of convention. The purpose of this thesis is then to make an interdisciplinary, holistic attempt to reconstruct, exposing the relevance and potential of the deconstructed.

No description available.

Too often buildings around the world are completely demolished or gutted only for another building to take its place less than thirty years later, despite the strength of its original design intent. This human fascination with replacing the old with the new has led to a disastrous climatic situation. According to the EPA, in 2018 more than 90 percent of total construction and demolition debris generation in the U.S. alone came from demolition, and around 145 million tons of it was sent to landfills. Building design and redesign decisions must become even more conscientious when it comes to planning for the future, not only in the materials that are chosen, but how they are connected. Designers must plan on how projects not only get built, but also how they will inevitably be taken apart. / Master of Architecture / Too often buildings around the world are completely demolished or gutted only for another building to take its place less than thirty years later, despite construction standards in place to ensure buildings may withstand a hundred years of use. This human fascination with replacing the old with the new has led to a disastrous climatic situation. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, in 2018 more than 90 percent of total construction and demolition debris generation in the U.S. alone came from demolition, and around 145 million tons of it was sent to landfills. There is only so much land left to bury more trash, and most of it is poisoning the planet's resources, especially thanks to the exorbitant amount of plastic that is continuously created and discarded. This thesis seeks to study an underutilized building within a city, and discover ways to redesign it in a conscientious way that will offer future occupants opportunities to remodel or upgrade the structure with as little waste as possible. This idea of deconstruction is utilized in not only the materials that are chosen, but how they are connected, as well as in how the existing components are discarded or repurposed.

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This thesis examines the politics of deconstruction within the interdisciplinary field of Women’s Studies and the question as to whether deconstruction has a politics, or can enhance the political goals of western feminism. This thesis argues that philosophy, and deconstruction in particular, is extremely useful for re-thinking feminist issues, especially around subjectivity and agency, but is not always seen to be so by some Australian feminists. As a result, Australian feminism, like feminism in other Anglophone countries, founded on the dichotomy of sameness-difference, has run out of theoretical and political steam. This thesis explores deconstruction within feminist debates and practices from the mid-1980s to present. In exploring both the contribution of deconstruction to rethinking difference and agency, and the failure on the part of most Australian women’s studies programs to apply the full potential of deconstruction, an argument is put forward for the value of deconstruction as a way of rethinking the question of woman’s subordination. While this is not a new area of study, this thesis focuses on the political efficacy of deconstruction, which is not always directly addressed in feminist texts. The first three chapters focus on the ways deconstruction has been interpreted, often negatively, by Anglo feminists or feminists in the English speaking world. It identifies the central issues taken up by feminist critics of deconstruction; argues that confusion has arisen largely due to interpretative misunderstandings of Derrida’s central tenets; and presents an elucidation of the radical potential of deconstruction for a feminist politics, especially in relation to female subjectivity. The last two chapters turn their attention to the debates over the meaning of deconstruction and the ways deconstruction entered the academy in Australia through Women’s Studies courses. They examine the specific discursive and institutional frameworks that aided or impeded the critical reception of new theoretical directions in Australia; argue that deconstruction entered Australian feminist discourse mainly in response to a dissatisfaction with the philosophy of Marxism/socialism; and detail major influences and theoretical works that made possible a more positive reception of deconstructive tenets within Australian feminism. The thesis concludes with a brief discussion of the crosscurrents between Australian and international feminist philosophy and outlines how deconstruction might continue to advance feminist understandings of subjectivity and enhance feminist practice. / Thesis(Ph.D.)-- School of Social Sciences, 2007.

Today because of changes in the zoning plans, structural problems, building obsolescence and owner&rsquo / s wishes, old buildings are being demolished to erect newer, larger and taller ones. The objective of this study was to investigate the process and feasibility of building deconstruction. A literature survey was conducted on two unpublished theses at Middle East Technical University (METU), and publications available on web sites and international conference proceedings. Case studies were conducted on building deconstruction and demolition processes, and recovery of used building materials (UBMs) in Ankara. Information related to these issues was obtained through informal interviews with demolition contractors, demolition teams, merchants of UBMs and building contractors. Information regarding the official procedure of demolition was gathered from &Ccedil / ankaya and Yenimahalle Municipalities. This study confirmed that recovery and reuse of UBMs is a continual practice in Ankara. In the light of case studies and interviews, it was possible to determine the problems in building deconstruction, such as building systems, materials, components and connections that give rise to difficulties during the deconstruction of buildings. It was also observed that UBMs are being reused either as it is or after modifications, and waste timber components are sold for fuel, while only metals are recycled to be used in new production. On the other hand, reinforced concrete components such as slabs, columns and beams can neither be reused nor recycled, and thus they are wasted. The findings of the investigation indicated that building deconstruction practices were found to be feasible and profitable job. The success of building deconstruction is dependent on type of tools used, sufficient time, and worker ability and experience, whereas the feasibility of deconstruction depends on the quality, quantity, type and condition of materials, components and connections used in a building.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4289.pdf: 11544046 bytes, checksum: 0f3759be3d930212876cbbaf08c351e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-12 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The interactions of man with nature begin a journey of constant changes in space. Cities as principal product of this process of deconstruction that seeks to analyze and understand in order to establish new forms of interventions concerned with the quality of the place. This practice of deconstruction space is still not understood which ensures the production of spaces marked by the use of the technique. Thus, if one replaces existing nature artificialized by nature. The present study aimed to analyze the perspective of the concepts of deconstruction minimum and the renaturation of Aleixo Stream, the city of Barretos-SP, because it has the attributes necessary to characterize the deconstructions, techniques and common problems that occur in urban streams . To develop the research, the stream in question was divided into five sections, from its source to its encounter with the treatment plant in the city, where aspects of deconstruction were evaluated from the perspective of land use, water and border areas green. Other aspects evaluated were the interventions proposed by the Municipality, with the design of Vale Avenue Fund, that instead of proposing a renaturation replace part of the heritage and border water, with foreclosures, such as point solutions to the problems of urban drainage the municipality. These flooding problems are perhaps an 'alert', instituted by nature, and that can be solved, provided that the anthropic action applied to these spaces is done in a more conscious and socially engaged. To do so, the application of the concepts of deconstruction is the minimum that can ensure the production of balanced spaces. And in cases where the "works" engineering is already consolidated, the use of instruments of intervention as the renaturation becomes essential in the design of more natural environments. / As interações do homem com a natureza dão início a uma caminhada de constantes transformações no espaço. As cidades como produto importante desse processo de desconstrução espacial é o que se procura analisar e entender, com o intuito de estabelecer novas formas de intervenções preocupadas com a qualidade do lugar. Essa prática de desconstrução espacial ainda incompreendida é o que garante a produção de espaços marcados pelo uso da técnica. Assim, substitui-se uma natureza existente por uma natureza artificializada. O presente estudo se propôs a analisar sob a ótica dos conceitos de desconstrução mínima e renaturalização o Córrego do Aleixo, do município de Barretos-SP, pois este apresenta os atributos necessários para caracterizar as desconstruções, as técnicas e problemas comuns que ocorrem em córregos urbanos. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, o córrego em questão foi dividido em cinco trechos, da sua nascente até seu encontro com a estação de tratamento do município, onde foram avaliados aspectos de desconstrução sob a ótica do uso do solo, fronteiras d água e áreas verdes. Outros aspectos avaliados foram as intervenções propostas pela Prefeitura Municipal, com o projeto Avenida Fundo de Vale, que ao invés de propor uma renaturalização substituirá parte do patrimônio histórico e das fronteiras d água, com desapropriações, como soluções pontuais para os problemas de drenagem urbana do município. Esses problemas de enchentes talvez sejam um alerta , instituído pela própria natureza, eque pode ser resolvido, desde que, a ação antrópica aplicada a esses espaços seja realizada de forma mais consciente e engajada socialmente. Para tanto, a aplicação dos conceitos de desconstrução mínima é o que pode garantir a produção de espaços equilibrados. E nos casos, onde as obras de engenharia já se encontram consolidadas, a utilização de instrumentos de intervenção como a renaturalização passa a ser indispensável na concepção de ambientes mais naturais.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Jacques Derrida’s The Animal that Therefore I Am published posthumously first in France (2006) and then translated in English (2008) has potentially become one of the most powerful philosophical discourses on animal ethics to date. His seminal undertaking begins with a personal experience the philosopher has with his cat that one day follows him into the bathroom. What follows is a classic deconstructive reversal when Derrida, ashamed at his nudity in front of the cat, reverses the perspective and asks what the cat sees and thinks when faced with a man – a naked one at that, and how he, as a shamed human, responds to it. Using his well-established deconstructive methods Derrida weaves through the pillars of traditional philosophy and rigorously unpicks our traditional and historical thinking about how we regard animals and calls into question both the humananimal distinction as well as the latent subjectivity on the matter. It is this text primarily that I utilized in my thesis, as well as some of Derrida’s earlier influential works, to show that deconstruction is a powerful and persuasive strategy toward providing a new ethic for (other) animals. As with Derrida, my point of departure is to put traditional philosophy under the hammer by showing how deconstruction as a post-modern tool unpicks the inherent flaws within its structure. I hope to reveal that a deconstruction of the anthropocentric and logocentric attitude of humans toward other animals is necessary in providing a new ethic for (other) animals. I begin first by breaking down the traditional hierarchy of humans over (other) animals – anthropocentrism, logocentrism and ‘carnophallogocentrism’ – as well as, in a separate chapter, a deconstruction of contemporary animal rights thinkers, and replace these perceptions and theories with what Matthew Calarco called a ‘proto-ethical imperative’ (Calarco, 2008: 108), which, I argue, is a foundation stone toward a new ethic. Then, by multiplying the possibilities of an equitable co-existence between human and other animals, I chart a path toward a better understanding and approach to our relationship with non-human animals. In short, this thesis is an attempt to discover, through deconstruction, a way toward an applied (animal) ethic. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Jacques Derrida se The Animal that Therefore I Am wat postuum die eerste keer gepubliseer is in Frankryk (2006) en daarna vertaal is in Engels (2008) het potensieel een van die mees kragtige filosofiese diskoerse oor diere-etiek tot op datum geword. Sy seminale onderneming begin met 'n persoonlike ervaring wat die filosoof het met sy kat wat hom een dag in die badkamer volg. Wat daarop gebeur is 'n klassieke dekonstruktiewe omkeer toe Derrida, skaam oor sy naaktheid voor die kat, die perspektief omswaai en vra wat die kat sien en dink wanneer gekonfronteer met 'n man – en boonop nog 'n naakte man, en hoe hy, as 'n beskaamde mens, daarop reageer. Met behulp van sy goed gevestigde dekonstruktiewe metodes weef Derrida deur die pilare van die tradisionele filosofie en met sy streng ontledings ontrafel hy ons tradisionele en historiese denke oor hoe ons diere beskou, en bevraagteken hy sowel die mens-dier onderskeiding as die latente subjektiwiteit oor die aangeleentheid. Dit is hoofsaaklik hierdie teks wat ek gebruik in my tesis, sowel as 'n paar van Derrida se vroeëre invloedryke werke, om aan te toon dat dekonstruksie 'n kragtige en oortuigende strategie is om 'n nuwe etiek ten aansien van (ander) diere te voorsien. Soos by Derrida, is my uitgangspunt om tradisionele filosofie onder die hamer te plaas deur aan te toon hoe dekonstruksie as 'n post-moderne denkstrategie die inherente gebreke in sy struktuur kan blootlê. Ek hoop om aan te toon dat 'n dekonstruksie van die antroposentriese en logosentriese ingesteldheid van mense teenoor ander diere noodsaaklik is vir die formulering van 'n nuwe etiek vir (ander) diere. Ek begin deur die tradisionele hiërargie van die mens oor (ander) diere – antroposentrisme, logosentrisme en 'carnophallogosentrisme' af te breek – asook, in 'n ander hoofstuk, met 'n dekonstruksie van kontemporêre diereregtedenkers, en vervang hierdie sieninge en teorieë met wat Matthew Calarco 'n sogenaamde 'proto-etiese imperatief' noem (Calarco 2008: 108), wat ek argumenteer 'n hoeksteen is van 'n nuwe etiek. Dan, deur die moontlikhede van 'n billike mede-bestaan tussen mens en ander diere te vermenigvuldig, karteer ek 'n weg na 'n beter begrip van, en benadering tot ons verhouding met niemenslike diere. In kort, hierdie tesis is 'n poging om deur middel van dekonstruksie, 'n pad na 'n toegepaste (diere-)etiek te ontsluit.