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The research described here encompasses several different aspects of lithium ion battery operation including deep eutectic electrolytes, manganese trapping evaluation, silicon monoxide anodes, and in-situ NMR development under both static and spinning conditions. Individually, the results of these investigations as contained within the corresponding chapters contribute valuable insight. Collectively, they represent a snapshot into the numerous different ways in which nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is applicable to lithium ion battery characterization. For instance, the deep eutectic electrolytes thus studied were amenable to diffusion coefficient characterization via the 1H, 7Li and 19F nuclei. This provided dynamical information on the anion, cation and neutral component and lent itself well towards parameterization of molecular dynamics simulations. The results thus obtained were useful in describing this relatively understudied class of electrolytes. Another example is that of the evaluation of manganese trapping. In this context 7Li NMR measurements were used to investigate the competitive inhibition of manganese trapping in crown ethers by lithium. Candidate crown ethers were thus evaluated for their ability to trap Mn2+ and Mn3+ in a lithium rich environment. Given the detrimental effects that manganese dissolution from cathode materials has on cycle life performance, the NMR enabled assessment of the appropriate chelating agents had identifiable importance. Additionally described was the progress made with silicon monoxide anodes supported on cellulosic substrates. The high active material loadings achieved, while also intriguing from a performance perspective, enabled 29Si MAS-NMR and 7Li static in-situ NMR measurements. For the in-situ measurements in particular, a novel cell design was constructed to utilize the advantages of a cellulosic substrate in this context. This has also enabled preliminary work on a spinning in-situ design. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This doctoral thesis focuses on applying different organocatalysts in several enantioselective reactions and aerobic photooxidations using visible light. Chapter 1 describes using a chiral primary amine-salicylamide derived from (1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine as chiral organocatalyst in the asymmetric conjugate Michael addition of aldehydes and ketones to maleimides, giving the corresponding enantioenriched succinimides. The same organocatalyst is used in the enantioselective Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroalkenes, yielding enantiopure γ-nitroaldehydes. Furthermore, these Michael additions of aldehydes to maleimides and nitroalkenes are carried out employing sustainable and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvents (DES), being able to reuse the catalytic system for several cycles. Chapter 2 describes using a chiral primary-amine monocarbamate derived from (1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine as chiral organocatalyst in the enantioselective α-amination of aldehydes with azodicarboxylates, obtaining the corresponding α,α-disubstituted aldehydes with the absence of solvent under mild conditions. This simple orgacatalytic system’s applicability is demonstrated by preparing a chiral oxazolidinone precursor of amino acids. The reaction is also successfully scaled-up. In addition, theoretical calculations were performed to demonstrate how the absolute configuration of the final adducts is produced. Chapter 3 shows how riboflavin tetraacetate, a cheap vitamin B2 derivative, is an appropriate metal-free photocatalyst in the aerobic photooxidation of xanthenes, thioxanthenes and dihydroacridines under visible light irradiation. / This research work has been possible thanks to funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PGC2018-096616-B-100, CTQ201788171-P), the Generalitat Valenciana (AICO 2021/013) and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-173). The author wishes to express his gratitude to the Institute of Organic Synthesis for a research contract (I-PI/21-20) and to the University of Alicante-Banco Santander consortium for a grant to spend a three-months research period in the Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project research center (ChIP) of the University of Camerino (Italy) under the supervision of Dr. Matteo Tiecco.

Recently, the production of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) has grown rapidly, highlighting the need for efficient and environmentally friendly recycling of LIB waste. In this work, the usage of so-called deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the leaching of the LIB cathode material lithium cobaltoxide is investigated. The initial DESs investigated are mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG200) and an organic acid: tartaric, ascorbic, citric, oxalic or succinic acid (PEG:TA (4:1), PEG:AA (8:1), PEG:CA (4:1), PEG:OA (2:1) and PEG:SA (6:1), the molar ratio in parenthesis). Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the solvents are stable up to 180-190 °C. DESs were analyzed with FTIR spectroscopy, pH was measured using a pH-meter and viscosity using a rolling-ball viscometer. The highest leaching efficiency was obtained using PEG:AA followed by PEG:OA, both having the ability to reduce Co(III). This ability was dominant over pH and viscosity influence. For the other three solvents, leaching efficiency increases in the order of decreasing pH (PEG:TA>PEG:CA>PEG:SA). More investigations of leaching as a function of time are needed to determine the impact of viscosity. PEG:CA and PEG:AA are used to study the impact of solid-to-liquid ratio. For PEG:AA the optimal S/L-ratio is 20 mg/g. For PEG:CA the optimal S/L-ratio is different for Li and Co. Three additional CA based DESs are made using ethylene glycol (EG) and choline chloride (ChCl): EG:CA, ChCl:EG:CA and ChCl:PEG:CA. Adding ChCl to EG:CA and PEG:CA increases the leaching efficiency from ca 5 and 10 to ca 30% and the color changes from pink to blue, indicating the formation of tetrachlorocobalt complexes. This reaction may produce chlorine gas, although none was detected using potassium iodide starch paper. Study of leaching as afunction of time of ChCl:EG:CA shows the reaction slows down significantly after 24 h, indicating that the reaction has reached or is near equilibrium at this point. Antisolvent crystallization of this solvent using ethanol was not succesful.

Conventional studies of ionomers have focused on ionomers bearing monovalent carboxylate or sulfonate pendant ions. There are relatively fewer studies on ionomers containing multivalent pendant ions, such as divalent phosphonate. In this dissertation, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polystyrene ionomers with divalent phosphonate pendant ions have been synthesized, and the influence of divalent phosphonate pendant ions on the structure-morphology-property relationship has been compared to the ionomers with monovalent sulfonate pendant ions. The phosphonate groups generated a stronger physically crosslinked network in phosphonated ionomers as compared to sulfonated analogues. Higher plateau modulus, longer relaxation time, and significantly higher zero-shear viscosity were noted for phosphonated ionomers by a dynamic melt rheology study. Compared to the ionic aggregates generated from sulfonate groups, larger ionic aggregates with associated phosphonate groups have been observed. Furthermore, phosphonated ionomers displayed significantly higher glass transition temperatures than sulfonated ionomers. Ionomers have proven to be attractive, interfacially active compatibilizers for a number of polymer blend systems because of specific interactions that may develop between the ionic groups and complementary functional groups on other polar polymers within the blends. The successful compatibilization of polyester/polyamide blends (prepared by solution mixing and melt blending methods) using phosphonated PET ionomers as a minor-component compatibilizer has been demonstrated. The phase-separated polyamide domain dimension decreased with increasing mol % phosphonated monomers and this decrease was attributed to the specific interactions between the ionic phosphonate groups on the polyester ionomer and the amide linkages of polyamide. More importantly, the divalent phosphonate pendant ions are more effective at compatibilizing polyester/polyamide blends in comparison to the monovalent sulfonate pendant ions. Phosphonated PET ionomer-compatibilized polyester/polyamide blends required 6 times fewer ionic monomers to achieve domain dimension < 1 μm as compared to sulfonated PET-containing blends. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been reported to be the next generation solvents due to the superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability as compared to ionic liquids. Two types of deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride : malic acid (ChCl:MA) and L-arginine : levulinic acid (Arg:LA), have been demonstrated as effective plasticizers for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) films. The plasticization effects on the properties of PVOH films were evidenced by lower crystallizability and improved film ductility. In addition, ChCl:MA deep eutectic solvent was more effective in plasticizing PVOH as compared to propylene glycol, one of the most widely studied alcohol-type plasticizers. From an applied perspective, DES-plasticized PVOH film is a promising candidate in the packaging market of heath-related products. / Doctor of Philosophy / Non-covalent interactions play an important role on the structure-morphology-property relationship of polymeric materials. Divalent phosphonate pendant ions provide interesting effects on the properties of ionomer and polymer blends as compared to the monovalent sulfonate pendant ions. Ionomers containing phosphonate pendant ions exhibit a significantly stronger physically crosslinked network as compared to sulfonated ionomers. Compared to monovalent sulfonate groups, the divalent phosphonate groups are more effective at compatibilizing polymer blends. Furthermore, the compatibilized poly(ethylene terephthalate)-based blends exhibit improved optical and oxygen barrier properties compared to the base blend without compatibilizer, signifying potential benefits in packaging industry. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is one of the most widely used packaging materials for food, medicine, detergent, etc. The incorporation of deep eutectic solvents as plasticizers significantly improved film ductility. In addition, the plasticization effect for choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent is more profound than one of the most widely studied alcohol-type plasticizers, propylene glycol. The effective plasticization of poly(vinyl alcohol) using deep eutectic solvents confirmed the potential for future applications in the packaging market of health-related product.

Non-edible plant biomass (lignocellulose) is a valuable precursor for liquid biofuels, through the processes of pretreatment and saccharification followed by fermentation into products such as ethanol or butanol. However, it is difficult to gain access to the fermentable sugars in lignocellulose, and this problem is principally associated with limited enzyme accessibility. Hence, biomass pretreatments that destroy native cell wall structure and allows enzyme access are required for effective biomass conversion techniques. This research studied two novel pretreatment methods on two wood species: 1) a deep eutectic solvent (DES) that, under heat, swells lignocellulose and partially solubilizes cell wall materials by causing breakage of lignin-carbohydrate linkages and depolymerization of the biomass components, and 2) a chelator-mediated Fenton reaction (CMF) that chemically modifies the nanostructure of the cell wall through a non-enzymatic cell wall deconstruction. After pretreatment, utilizing analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, wide angle x-ray scattering, and gel permeation chromatography, samples were analyzed for chemical and structural changes in the solubilized and residual materials. After single stage DES (choline-chloride-glycerol) and two stage, CMF followed by DES pretreatments, lignin/carbohydrate fractions were recovered, leaving a cellulose-rich fraction with reduced lignin and hemicellulose content as determined by compositional analysis. Lignin and heteropolysaccharide removal by DES was quantified and the aromatic-rich solubilized biopolymer fragments were analyzed as water insoluble high molecular weight fractions and water-ethanol soluble low molecular weight compounds. After pretreatment for the hardwood sample, enzyme digestibility reached a saccharification yield of 78% (a 13-fold increase) for the two stage (DES/CMF) pretreated biomass even with the presence of some lignin and xylan remained on the pretreated fiber; only a 9-fold increase was observed after the other sequence of CMF followed by DES treatment. Single stage CMF treatment or single stage DES pretreatment improved 5-fold glucose yield compared to the untreated sample for the hardwood sample. The enhancement of enzymatic saccharification for softwood was less than that of hardwoods with only 4-fold increase for the sequence CMF followed by DES treatment. The other sequence of treatments reached up to 2.5-fold improvement. A similar result was determined for the single stage CMF treatment while the single stage DES treatment reached only 1.4-fold increase compared to the untreated softwood. Hence, all these pretreatments presented different degrees of biopolymer removal from the cell wall and subsequent digestibility levels; synergistic effects were observed for hardwood particularly in the sequence DES followed by CMF treatment while softwoods remained relatively recalcitrant. Overall, these studies revealed insight into two novel methods to enhance lignocellulosic digestibility of biomass adding to the methodology to deconstruct cell walls for fermentable sugars. / Ph. D. / Wood is a valuable material that can be used to produce liquid biofuels. Wood main components are biopolymers cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin that form a complex structure. Nature has locked up cellulose in a protective assembly that needs to be destroyed to gain access to cellulose, convert it to glucose and then ferment it to bioalcohol. This process is principally associated with limited enzyme accessibility. Therefore, biomass pretreatments that deconstruct native cell wall structure and allow enzyme access are required for effective biomass conversion techniques. This research studied two novel pretreatment methods on two wood species: 1) a deep eutectic solvent called glyceline that, under heat, swells wood and partially solubilizes cell wall materials by causing breakage of bonds and converting it into smaller molecules (monomers and oligomers), and 2) a chelator-mediated Fenton system (CMF) that chemically modifies the structure of the cell wall. Pretreatments were tested individually and in sequence in sweetgum and southern yellow pine. After pretreatments, utilizing analytical techniques, fractions were investigated for chemical and structural changes in the solubilized and residual materials. Treated wood samples were exposed to enzymatic conversion. A maximum 78% of glucose yield was obtained for the glyceline followed by CMF pretreated wood. For yellow pine only a 24% of glucose yield was obtained for the CMF followed by glyceline treatment. All these pretreatments presented different degrees of biopolymer removal from the cell wall and subsequent enzyme conversion levels. Overall, these studies revealed insight into two novel methods to enhance wood conversion adding to the methodology to deconstruct cell walls for fermentable sugars.

No / Mechanochemical synthesis has been applied to the rapid synthesis of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), including Reline 200 (choline chloride : urea, 1 : 2), in a continuous flow methodology by Twin Screw Extrusion (TSE). This gave products in higher purity and with Space Time Yields (STYs), four orders of magnitude greater than for batch methods

Très récemment, les solvants de type « mélanges eutectiques profonds (MEP)» ont été décrits comme une alternative sérieuse et économiquement plus réaliste aux liquides ioniques. En effet, ces solvants qui consistent en un mélange d'un sel organique (ammonium ou phosphonium) et d'un donneur de liaison hydrogène peuvent également être liquides à température ambiante, non volatils et présentant une excellente stabilité thermique. De plus, contrairement aux liquides ioniques, ces nouveaux solvants sont très facilement préparés et leur innocuité ainsi que leur bonne biodégradabilité sont sensiblement améliorées. Dans le domaine des procédés enzymatiques, si la biocatalyse en milieu liquide ionique est très documentée, il n'existe que très peu de publications décrivant des réactions de biotransformation en MEP. Concernant les lipases en particulier, outre leurs applications dans le biofaçonnement des corps gras, ces enzymes sont également utilisées dans des réactions dites de lipophilisation pour la synthèse de nouvelles molécules à haute valeur ajoutée (tensioactifs, antioxydant lipophilisés). Au travers cette étude nous nous sommes investis à tester le potentiel des MEP en tant que nouveaux milieux réactionnels « verts » pour la synthèse lipasique. Ce travail n'a pas eu comme objectif de faire l'éloge de ces solvants pour leur utilisation dans le domaine de la biocatalyse, mais surtout d'évaluer leur capacité à favoriser ou non des synthèses lipasiques. Par ailleurs, nous nous sommes engagés à essayer de comprendre, d'un point de vue fondamental, l'organisation supramoléculaire de ce type de milieux pour déterminer les paramètres qui influencent le plus la réactivité et la stabilité enzymatique dans ce type d'environnement. Les variations des conditions réactionnelles (solvants et biocatalyseurs) ont permis de mettre en évidence la très nette supériorité de deux MEP (Chlorure de cholinium:Urée et Chlorure de cholinium:glycérol) pour la réalisation de réactions d'alcoolyses biocatalysées par la lipase B de Candida antarctica. Toutefois, les résultats ont montré que les réactions de biotransformations de composés phénoliques dans ces MEP sont extrêmement difficiles à réaliser sans l'addition d'eau. De profondes études (pH, activité thermodynamique de l'eau, activité et stabilité de la lipase, composition du solvant, etc.) réalisées sur des mélanges du type MEP-eau ont permis de finement adapter les conditions de réaction pour optimiser la catalyse enzymatique dans ce type de solvant. Compte tenu des difficultés rencontrées pour la lipophilisation de composés phénoliques, nous sommes toutefois parvenus à synthétiser toute une gamme de dérivés lipophiles d'acides férulique et coumarique de C4 à C16 (chaîne aliphatique) avec des rendements élevés. / With the emergence of the green chemistry concept in the 90s, many studies have been dedicated to the discovery of new reactions media both suitable and efficient for chemical/enzyme catalysis. Up to now, the main efforts have focused on the development of ionic liquids. However, recently a novel class of solvent called "deep eutectic mixtures (DES)", have been described as a serious alternative and economically stronger than ionic liquids. Such solvents are formed by mixing an organic salt (ammonium or phosphonium) with a hydrogen-bond donor. Just like ionic liquid, DES may also be liquid at room temperature, non-volatile and have excellent thermal stability. However, unlike most ionic liquids, these new solvents are biodegradable, inexpensive, and very easy to prepare. In the field of biocatalysis, whereas the studies in ionic liquid are deeply documented, the published papers describing biotransformation reactions in DES are very low, especially in lipase-catalyzed processing, where these enzymes may be used in so-called "lipophilisation reactions", for the synthesis of new molecules with high added value (surfactants or lipophilized antioxidants).The main objective of this work was to assess and test the potential of DES as new "green" reaction media for lipase-catalyzed synthesis. On a fundamental point of view, this study provides valuable information to understand how the different components involved in these mixtures could contribute to their functional properties in order to enhance their use in various applications. Changes in reaction conditions (solvents and biocatalysts) allowed us to highlight the clear superiority of two DES (chloride cholinium:Urea and chloride cholinium:glycerol) to carry out lipase-catalyzed reactions using the lipase B from Candida antarctica as biocatalyst. However, our results showed that the biotransformations of dissolved substrates (such as phenolic compounds) in DES are extremely difficult to achieve without the addition of water. Studying DES-water mixtures (pH, thermodynamic activity of water, activity and stability of lipase, mixtures composition, etc ...) we were able to fine-tune the reaction conditions to optimize the performance of the lipasic catalysis. Thus, given the difficulties encountered when performing lipase-catalyzed reactions with substrates of two different polarities, it was still possible to synthesize high yields of a full range of lipophilic derivatives of ferulic and coumaric acids from C4 to C16 (aliphatic chain).

Interconnection layers fabricated during back end of line processing in semiconductor manufacturing involve dry etching of a low-k material and deposition of copper and metal barriers to create copper/dielectric stacks. After plasma etching steps used to form the trenches and vias in the dielectric, post etch residues (PER) that consist of organic polymer, metal oxides and fluorides, form on top of copper and low-k dielectric sidewalls. Currently, most semiconductor companies use semi aqueous fluoride (SAF) based formulations containing organic solvent(s) for PER removal. Unfortunately, these formulations adversely impact the environmental health and safety (EHS) requirements of the semiconductor industry. Environmentally friendly "green" formulations, free of organic solvents, are preferred as alternatives to remove PER. In this work, a novel low temperature molten salt system, referred as deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been explored as a back end of line cleaning (BEOL) formulation. Specifically, the DES system comprised of two benign chemicals, malonic acid (MA) and choline chloride (CC), is a liquid at room temperature. In certain cases, the formulation was modified by the addition of glacial acetic acid (HAc). Using these formulations, selective removal of three types of PER generated by timed CF₄/O₂ etching of DUV PR films on Cu was achieved. Type I PER was mostly organic in character (fluorocarbon polymer type) and had a measured thickness of 160 nm. Type II PER was much thinner (25 nm) and consisted of a mixture of organic and inorganic compounds (copper fluorides). Further etching generated 17 nm thick Type III PER composed of copper fluorides and oxides. Experiments were also conducted on patterned structures. Cleaning was performed by immersing samples in a temperature controlled (30 or 40° C) double jacketed vessel for a time between 1 and 5 minutes. Effectiveness of cleaning was characterized using SEM, XPS and single frequency impedance measurements. Type II and III residues, which contained copper compounds were removed in CC/MA DES within five minutes through dissolution and subsequent complexation of copper by malonic acid. Removal of Type I PER required the addition of glacial acetic acid to the DES formulation. Single frequency impedance measurement appears to be a good in situ method to follow the removal of the residues. High water solubility of the components of the system in conjunction with their environmental friendly nature, make the DES an attractive alternative to SAF.

A ce jour, le cuivre est l'élément essentiel du monde industriel, sa consommation et son prix d'achat ne cessent d'augmenter puisqu'il est le composant majoritaire des circuits imprimés et des équipements électroniques. Son recyclage à partir des équipements électroniques en fin de vie appelé les déchets électroniques (e-déchets) reste la seule alternative pour remédier à des risques de pénurie. S'il est facilement recyclable en milieu aqueux, les bains commerciaux couramment utilisés (à base de cyanures et d'acides concentrés) présentent des risques environnementaux importants lors de leur utilisation et de leur retraitement. Plusieurs recherches s'orientent vers l'utilisation de nouveaux électrolytes de type liquides ioniques (LI), qui offrent une alternative écologiquement viable aux solutions actuelles. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à une classe plus récente de liquides ioniques, les solvants eutectiques à basse température appelé Deep Eutectique Solvant (DES). En effet, ils présentent une facilité d'utilisation car ils apparaissent moins sensibles à la présence d'eau et ont un coût compatible avec des applications industrielles à grande échelle. Si les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des DES (conductivité, solubilité des sels métalliques, fenêtre électrochimique ...) sont satisfaisantes pour envisager la récupération du cuivre, l'inconvénient majeur de ces milieux reste toutefois leur forte viscosité qui conduit à une diminution importante de la cinétique d'électrodéposition et par conséquent à une moindre efficacité du procédé. Pour pallier ce problème, l'utilisation des ultrasons de puissance, est une solution envisagée. Les ultrasons sont en effet connus pour être une méthode d'agitation efficace permettant de promouvoir le transport de matière à l'électrode et d'augmenter le rendement d'électrodéposition dans ce type d'électrolyte. (...). Dans un premier temps, nos travaux se sont portés sur la caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques et électrochimiques de trois solvants DES. A la suite de cette étude préliminaire, le mélange de Chlorure de Choline (ChC1) et d'Ethylène Glycol (EU) s'est avéré être le plus approprié car l'ensemble de ses propriétés physico-chimiques et électrochimiques en font un milieu adapté à la récupération de cuivre par voie électrolytique. La deuxième partie a été consacrée à l'étude électrochimique de la réduction des ions Cu (II) et Cu(I) dans le DES (Chlorure de Choline + Ethylène Glycol) par comparaison avec le milieu aqueux (HC1 0,01M). Le mécanisme de réduction du Cul' se déroule en deux étapes dans le DES, mais une modification importante des constantes cinétiques des deux étapes a été constatée. En opérant une dissolution chimique des copeaux de cuivre dans le DES, nous avons de plus constaté que ce solvant permet de stabiliser la forme soluble Cu(I) ce qui présente un avantage considérable en terme de rendement Faradique pour l'étape suivante de redéposition. (...)Enfin nous avons déterminé les paramètres cinétiques des réactions lorsque l'on combine une agitation ultrasonore (20 kHz) et une augmentation de température. L'élévation de température à 50 °C, qui permet de diminuer la viscosité de la solution, rend plus efficace l'agitation par ultrasons et les coefficients de transferts de matière mesurés sont alors optimum. Cette étude a également permis de déterminer les meilleures conditions expérimentales pour l'élaboration des revêtements de cuivre et sa récupération. (...) / The copper is actually an essential element in the industrial world; its consumption and purchase continue to growth because of its major component of printed circuits board and the electronics equipment. It's recycled from the electronic waste; this is the only way to avoid shortage risk. If the copper is easily recycled in aqueous solution, the commercial baths currently in use (cyanide and acid solution) present important environmental risk during their use and their treatments. Several research orientate to a new electrolytes from an ionic liquid, which offer an alternative ecologically viable to the actual solution. In this study we were interested in a recent class of ionic liquid, the eutectic solvent in a low temperature so called Deep eutectic solvent (DES). In fact the DES presents an easy use because there are less sensitive to the water and has a compatible cost for the industrial application in a large scale. If the characteristics physico-chemicals of DES (conductivity, solubilisation of a metallic salt, electrochemical window...) are satisfied to consider the copper recovery, the major inconvenient of these solvent are their higher viscosities which lead to an important reduce of the electrodeposition kinetics and in consequent for lesser efficient process. To avoid this problem the use of ultrasound is a solution to consider. The ultrasound is known to be an effective stirring method to promote mass transport to the electrode and thus the rate of recovery in the DES. It has also an advantage for the metal dissolution. In the first time, our studies were about the characterization of physic-chemical and electrochemical properties of three DES. After this preliminary studies, the mixture of choline chloride (ChCI) and ethylene glycol (EG) appears to be the most appropriate because the whole physic-chemical and electrochemical proprieties will make an electrolyte solution adapted to the recovery of the copper. The second part of this thesis consist of the electrochemical study of the reduction of ions copper (I) and (II) in a Deep Eutectic Solvent (ChCl+EG). To complete this part a comparison with the obtained results in aqueous solvent (Ha 0,01 M) is performed. The mechanism reduction of Cu (II) seems to be in two steps within the DES, but an important modification of the kinetic parameters of these two steps has been seen. During the chemical dissolution of the copper chip in the DES, in addition we discovered that this solvent allowed to stabilize a soluble form Cu(I), which present a considerable advantage in term of Faradic yield for next stage of redeposition. Finally we have determined the kinetic parameters of reaction when we combine an ultrasonic stirring and an increase of the temperature. Rising the temperature at 50c, which allowed reducing the viscosity of the solution, will make more efficient the ultrasonic stirring and the measured coefficient of mass transport are optimum. This study has also allowed us to determine the best experiments conditions elaboration coating of copper and its recovery. To respond to these requirements of global process of copper recovery, we have proceeded in dissolution of metal copper experiments within the DES using the ultrasound to accelerate this step. The leaching of the copper intervenes by corrosion mechanism kinetically limited by the diffusion of the oxidant in the solution, which is accelerated by the ultrasound. In this part of the copper electrodeposition, the deposits elaborated under ultrasound present a thin morphology with a decrease of the grain size. Finally the first recovery experiments, made in a pilot reactor, have been done. The use of ultrasound (20 kHz) permitted to reduce the electrolysis time of 30% to a recovery rate of 90 %.