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Responsible arms control is an effective tool in international efforts to make sure that arms do not reach pariah states and terrorist groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that are considered to affect the effectiveness of arms control at Armscor and its contractors with a view to identifying gaps and come up with ways to address those gaps.

The publications submitted for this PhD by Published Work represent the product of a decade long programme of research on the nature of the defence innovation system and the organisations, institutions and relationships that underpin defence technological innovation. This has been informed by the systems of innovation approach as well as broader academic perspectives on the nature of innovation and as such the publications are located in the field of innovation studies and in particular the sub-community of scholars that concern themselves with defence technological innovation. In the thesis, I contend that – taken together – the publications make three contributions to knowledge. First, the publications contribute to our understanding of what I term the “defence innovation system”. This illuminates an important corner ignored by most scholars of innovation systems and one that has received too little attention given the role that defence R&D and procurement has played as a stimulus to many significant technological innovations as well as its many implications for international security and society. The defence innovation system has often resisted analysis not least because of the limitations of publicly available information. My publications show recognition of the importance of this topic and shed light on the dynamics of defence technological innovation. Second, the publications contribute to our understanding of the organisations and relationships that underpin the defence innovation system and their response to changes in their operating environment since the end of the Cold War. My focus on organisation-level case studies of defence firms and government defence research establishments is in contrast to most of the academic work in this field that has been preoccupied with national or industry level structure and trends. A recurring theme in my publications, explicitly and implicitly, has been the co-evolutionary character of change in the defence innovation system and the changing relationship between government and defence industrial firms. Third, I examine changes in the boundaries of the system by introducing a transnational dimension to the analysis of defence technological innovation and in doing so my publications have drawn attention to the need to examine transnational linkages between nationally-located systems.

Responsible arms control is an effective tool in international efforts to make sure that arms do not reach pariah states and terrorist groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that are considered to affect the effectiveness of arms control at Armscor and its contractors with a view to identifying gaps and come up with ways to address those gaps.

The purpose of this dissertation is to anticipate changes in the international system by examining changes in Western defence industries. The defence industries are a mechanism for producing power. In an anarchic international system, power is the means by which states find security. To produce power through a defence industry, a state must possess a range of attributes of power. The investment needed to produce an array of defence equipment is considerable, and so a state must possess appropriate economic resources. The cost also necessitates acts of political will, to direct resources away from other ends which might be more readily enjoyed. Finally, the defence industry must produce equipment that is strategically relevant—which requires a high level of technology derived from domestic research and development. The structure of the international system is fundamentally a question of the nature of the distribution of power, and the factors that make up state power are all to be found in defence industries. The question posed here is “to what extent is change in the system predictable through looking at trends in the defence industrial base?” After establishing the theoretical perspective, this paper goes on to look at the changes that are taking place in the strategic environment. This is followed by an analysis of the forces that act upon the defence industrial base, and of the implications of the adverse trends that they generate. From these, the indicators which signal change in the international system are derived. Then the responses of both state and industry are examined to test for the presence of these indicators. Finally, the conclusion is an assessment of how changes in the defence industrial structures of the West reflect and may be able to anticipate change in the international system. / Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2007-09-28 14:05:43.945

With the end of the Cold War and the subsequent reduction in defence spending, the Taiwanese defence industry has encountered great difficulties. Recently, the Government announced that at the end of 2006, all military plants should move from the public sector to the private sector. The aim being not only to maintain a manufacturing capability sufficient to ensure the technical competence and resources necessary for an effective and timely response to a mobilisation but also to reduce government infrastructure costs. However, unless the military plants take more aggressive action to assess their management and manufacturing weaknesses effectively, their modernisation efforts will not succeed. This research is concerned with the development of a methodology for manufacturing performance measurement and evaluation to help Taiwanese military plants develop and maintain a competitive advantage. The basic concept of the proposed framework is based on the Balanced Scorecard concept. However, the structure and procedures have been further developed to reflect Taiwan's specific requirements. In particular, the proposed framework provides a structure and tools to tackle a number of key requirements, such as the need to provide both internal and external measures as a means of both qualitatively and quantitatively prioritising and evaluating manufacturing strategic concerns, and the need to show continuously where improvement needs to be made. Industrial case studies have shown that the proposed framework is both feasible and effective when applied within the particular environment of Taiwanese military plants. In addition the proposed framework has highlighted some theoretical and practical problems associated with the design and development of manufacturing performance measurement and evaluation framework. Due to its generic nature, through interviews with three UK companies, it was demonstrated that the proposed framework could also be applied to other societies and industries, either public or private, to solve their manufacturing performance measurement and evaluation problems.

The study investigates the influence of politics over technology to then deepen the relevance of semiconductors as part of the defence realm in the case of China. To this end, the importance of technology in warfare and the entailed trade-offs are illustrated along with the efforts to regulate the export flow. The theoretical framework focuses on finding local validity rather than a universal one, bridging politics and technology via the time factor. Hence, semiconductors are included in the Chinese defence sector showing the relevance given them by Beijing's plans for military modernisation. An overview of the supply chain allows for a better understanding of the implications stemming from its global structure, underscoring the autarky-efficiency challenges any state needs to address. Consequently, China embodies a favourable case study because of its domestic power structure, modernisation ambitions, and imposed export controls directing its choices. A thorough analysis of policies and procurement means is employed to confirm the securitisation of the technology, gauging domestic prospects, international responses, and hindrances. Finally, two scenarios structure the main drivers into plausible outlooks, sketching development in the short term and suggesting further research avenues.

This thesis explores some of the connections between the defence industry and the European border policy that emerged leading up to, and following, the European refugee crisis of 2015. The paper is divided into two parts. The first seeks to examine and understand the context in which the refugee crisis occurred. In order to do this, I begin with a literature review that uses the integration theory of Multilevel Governance to understand how and where the European Union (EU) is susceptible to political pressure or special interest influence. Next, I present a brief history of the causes and course of the crisis, the pre-existing border regime, and the defence industry and lobby. The second section synthesises the context provided in the first section in order to determine whether actors in the defence industry were lucky beneficiaries of policies movements that happened to benefit them, or, if they were proactive lobbyists. I identify four trends in policy, namely the militarisation, centralisation, privatisation, and externalisation of border controls, and I discuss each trend, lobbyist influence, and the implications each trend has for refugees. Finally, I conclude that although there is significant evidence of lobbyist influence in shaping the policies, the presence of a myriad of other factors makes it nearly impossible to quantify how big a role lobbyist influence was in determining outcomes. Nevertheless, the implications of such institutional susceptibilities to lobbying in the EU should be both cause for concern and further inquiry.

Purpose – The research purpose is to enhance knowledge of how organizations can form a PSS through an IVHM system when information is sensitive. Method – A single case study design of abductive approach was used, with data collection through six semi-structured interviews. Findings – A system combining IVHM and PSS has many potential benefits, however there are several challenges that need to be overcome in order to implementing a successful model. Theoretical implications – This study treads a new area not previously explored in the literature when it combines PSS and IVHM, which relies heavily on information flow to succeed, with a case of information sensitivity. This study hence explores a problematic area for either PSS or IVHM, expanding the current literature and providing initial suggestions of how to navigate this. Practical implications – Firstly, it shows managers the challenges that comes with implementing PSS-IVHM and increasing involvement in the customers’ processes. Secondly, this study shows the theoretical and general challenges of PSS-IVHM and applies the case study’s perspective of information management, granting managers a larger foundation of knowledge before starting their initiatives of PSS-IVHM. Limitations and future research – This study provides a limited amount of empirical data. Therefore, future research should focus on increasing and widening data collection. The study suggests there is a considerable challenge in conservatism within the defence industry and therefore future research is suggested to explore how change management can combat this challenge.

This thesis analyzes the process of European Defence Industry&#039 / s restructuring and consolidation process in accordance with the emerging Post-Cold War period transformation requirements. To achieve this aim it investigates the process in terms of the European Defence Industrial Base on the one hand and international level of convergence efforts on the other. It demonstrates drivers of change for the defence industry, namely / the narrowing budgets, changing relationship between state and defence industry, importance of technological achievements, rise of civil sector and internationalization of national defence firms. Regarding the restructuring and consolidation process the thesis examines behavior of firms in terms of merger and/or acquisition... etc activities in order to adopt the Post-Cold War transformations. Moreover, due to its significance of being regarded as the first true attempt of creating a transnational defence sector identity the EADS is also investigated. Also it deals with the institutional level of convergence efforts mainly in terms of NATO, EU, WEU/WEAO and OCCAR. To provide a comparative framework, the US defence industry and its impact on the European counterpart is examined