Poster scénario international Seconde Guerre mondiale, il y avait plusieurs efforts de coopération régionale et de l'intégration dans le monde. Certains avaient avancée majeure dans l'intégration, comme l'Union européenne. Mais le point est qu'il avancé plus d'efforts ont eu un programme de sécurité et de coopération en matière de défense, et économique. Cette recherche vise à comprendre comment les arrangements de coopération dans les équipements aéronautiques de la défense peuvent influencer l'intégration régionale et de tirer des conclusions applicables à Unasur. Nous commençons donc à la question de savoir comment les différents modèles de coopération dans le développement de l'impact des avions militaires sur le processus d'intégration régionale? Nous croyons que la coopération dans le développement des équipements des avions militaires, de la création d'une chaîne d'approvisionnement régionalisé a la capacité de contribuer à une meilleure relation entre les membres de l'UNASUR, surmonter les obstacles et les visions déformées qui entravent le processus d'intégration régionale. Pour cela, la recherche sera structurée autour de la politique comparée, appuyée par d'autres théories actuelles des relations internationales. Dans ce cas, nous allons examiner les leçons qui peuvent être tirées de l'élaboration de programmes européens, avec les combattants F-104 et Panavia Tornado. Vous thèse sera structuré en quatre chapitres: d'abord sur la question de la coopération de la défense, à la fois l'aspect conceptuel et théorique, que le biais pratique, avec le débat sur le régionalisme. Après, dans la deuxième partie, avec une analyse de l'industrie de l'aviation et de sa réflexion en tant que puissance dans le système international. Dans la troisième partie, nous analysons les programmes F-104 et Tornado et contribué au processus d'intégration en Europe. Enfin, dans la quatrième partie, je discute comment les leçons des programmes analysés dans le chapitre 3, peuvent être appliquées dans le cas de l'UNASUR, mettant l'accent sur l'ingérence des pouvoirs et des points de vue extérieurs sur la coopération entre les membres du bloc. / No cenário internacional do pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, surgiram vários esforços de cooperação e integração regional em todo o mundo. Alguns tiveram maior avanço na integração, como a União Europeia. Mas o ponto é que, os esforços que mais avançaram possuíam uma agenda de segurança e cooperação em defesa, além do econômico. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo, compreender como os arranjos cooperativos em material aeronáutico de defesa podem influenciar na integração regional e extrair inferências aplicáveis à Unasul. Logo, partimos da pergunta de, como diferentes modelos de cooperação no desenvolvimento de aeronaves militares impactam no processo de integração regional? Pensamos que a cooperação no desenvolvimento de material aeronáutico militar, a partir da criação de uma cadeia produtiva regionalizada tem a capacidade de contribuir para uma melhor relação entre os membros da UNASUL, superando os entraves e visões distorcidas que dificultam o processo de integração regional. Para isso, a pesquisa se estruturará entorno da Política Comparada, apoiado por outras correntes teóricas das Relações Internacionais. No caso, iremos analisar as lições que podem ser aprendidas com o desenvolvimento dos programas europeus, com os caças F-104 e Panavia Tornado. Está tese se estruturará em quatro capítulos: inicialmente sobre a questão da cooperação em defesa, tanto pelo aspecto conceitual e teórico, como pelo viés pratico, com o debate sobre regionalismo. Seguindo, na parte dois, com uma analise da indústria aeronáutica e do seu reflexo como poder no sistema internacional. Na parte três, analiso os programas F-104 e Tornado e como contribuíram no processo de integração na Europa. Finalizando, na parte quatro, debato como as lições dos programas analisados no capitulo 3, podem ser aplicados no caso da Unasul, ressaltando a interferência de potencias externas e as visões sobre cooperação entre os membros do bloco. / Post international scenario Second World War, there were several efforts of regional cooperation and integration in the world. Some had major advance in integration, such as the European Union. But the point is that it advanced more efforts had a security agenda and cooperation in defense, and economic. This research aims to understand how cooperative arrangements in defense aircraft equipment can influence regional integration and draw inferences applicable to Unasur. So we start with the question of how different models of cooperation in the development of military aircraft impact on the regional integration process? We believe that cooperation in the development of military aircraft equipment, from the creation of a regionalized supply chain has the ability to contribute to a better relationship between the members of UNASUR, overcoming barriers and distorted views that hinder the process of regional integration. For this, the research will be structured around the Comparative Politics, supported by other current theories of International Relations. In this case, we will examine the lessons that can be learned from the development of European programs, with the F-104 and Panavia Tornado fighters. You thesis will be structured in four chapters: first on the issue of defense cooperation, both the conceptual and theoretical aspect, as the practical bias, with the debate on regionalism. Following, in part two, with an analysis of the aviation industry and its reflection as power in the international system. In part three, we analyze the F-104 programs and Tornado and contributed to the process of integration in Europe. Finally, in part four, I discuss how the lessons of the programs analyzed in Chapter 3, can be applied in the case of UNASUR, emphasizing the interference of external powers and views on cooperation between members of the bloc.

The convergence of various technological and operational advancements has reinstated the interest in On-Demand Air Service (ODAS) as a viable mode of transportation. ODAS enables an end-user to be transported in an aircraft between their desired origin and destination at their preferred time without advance notice. Industry, academia, and the government organizations are collaborating to create technology solutions suited for large-scale implementation of this mode of transportation. Market studies suggest reducing vehicle operating cost per passenger as one of the biggest enablers of this market. To enable ODAS, an ODAS operator controls a fleet of aircraft that are deployed across a set of nodes (e.g., airports, vertiports) to satisfy end-user transportation requests. There is a gap in the literature for a tractable and online methodology that can enable ride-sharing in the on-demand operations while maintaining a publicly acceptable level of service (such as with low waiting time). The need for an approach that not only supports a dynamic-stochastic formulation but can also handle uncertainty with unknowable properties, drives me towards the field of Reinforcement Learning (RL). In this work, a novel two-layer hierarchical RL framework is proposed that can distribute a fleet of aircraft across a nodal network as well as perform real-time scheduling for an ODAS operator. The top layer of the framework - the Fleet Distributor - is modeled as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process whereas the lower layer - the Trip Request Manager - is modeled as a Semi-Markov Decision Process. This framework is successfully demonstrated and assessed through various studies for a hypothetical ODAS operator in the Chicago region. This approach provides a new way of solving fleet distribution and scheduling problems in aviation. It also bridges the gap between the state-of-the-art RL advancements and node-based transportation network problems. Moreover, this work provides a non-proprietary approach to reasonably model ODAS operations that can be leveraged by researchers and policy makers.