Syftet med denna undersökning har varit att genom att analysera och följa rapporteringen om händelserna i stockholmsförorten Husby 2013 undersöka hur medierna gestaltar polisen och vilket utrymme polisen får i nyhetsrapporteringen. Undersökningen är en fallstudie där materialet består av artiklar från Svenska Dagböadet, Dagens Nyheter och Expressen. Studien är uppdelad i två delar där artiklarna har analyserats både kvalitativt och kvantitativt. Resultaten från den kvantitativa delen har använts för att pröva teorierna kring elitkällor och primary definers och jämförs med tidigare forskningsresultat.  Det finns två väldigt olika bilder av polisen. Dels är det den våldsamma närmast militärliknande polisen, dels är det den synliga, folkliga och trygghetsskapande polisen. För att undersöka vilken bild av polisen som är den mest framträdande och om beskrivningarna skiljer sig åt mellan kvällstidningar och dagspress har jag också gjort en kvalitativ innehållsanalys i vilken jag har utgått från gestaltningsteorin.  Resultaten visar att trots att det är en extraordinär händelse som analyseras i studien så får polisen ett stort utymme att uttala sig och ge sin version av verkligheten. Bilden av den militärliknande polisen återspeglas i artiklar från alla tre tidningar även om den är mest framträdande i Expressen. Den motsatta bilden av polisen återfinns i större utsträckning i Svenska Dagbladet och Dagens Nyheter och det är den bild polisen själva vill förmedla. Även om tidningarna tenderar att måla upp den första bilden av polisen så får polisen i egenskap av elitkälla och primary definer ett stort utrymme att uttala sig och berätta om den egna verksamheten. Därmed är det också två väldigt olika gestaltningar av polisen som förmedlas i nyhetsrapporteringen.

No description available.

No description available.

This research examines problem definition as the first step in a sequential problem solving process. Seventy-seven managers in four diverse organizations were studied to determine common characteristics of problem definers. Among the variables considered as differentiating problem definers from non-problem definers were cognitive style, personal need characteristics, preference for ideation, experience, level of management, and type and level of education. Six hypotheses were tested using the following instruments: the Problem Solving Inventory, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Schedule, the Preference for Ideation Scale, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, a Problem Definition Exercise, and a Personal Data Questionnaire. Among the managers studied, only twelve were found to be problem definers. Such small numbers severely limit the ability to generalize about problem definers. However, it is possible that problem definers are scarce in organizations. In terms of cognitive style, problem definers were primarily thinking types who preferred evaluation to ideation in dealing with problems, making judgmental decisions on the basis of collected facts. Problem definers were not predominant at lower levels of the organization. One-third of the problem definers held upper level management positions while another one-fourth were responsible for specialized activities within their organizations, overseeing special projects and individuals much like upper level managers. Sixty-eight of the problem definers had non-business educations with none having more than a bachelors degree. As knowledge and judgment on which to base evaluation expands, managers may become less adept at defining problems and more adept at selecting and implementing alternatives. Several tentative hypotheses can be tested in future research including: 1) determining whether problem definers are scarce in organizations, 2) determining whether problem definers are more prevalent in some types of organizations than others, 3) verifying unique cognitive and personal need characteristics, 4) determining whether non-managers rather than managers have problem defining skills.

The purpose of this essay was to examine how eight Swedish newspapers reported on a trade union conflict between dock workers and a employer organisation in the winter of 2019. Further it will examine how the conflict is portrayed in the newspaper and if both of the organisations gets their voices heard in the newspapers. We will also examine what context the conflict mention within. We analyzed eight Swedish newspapers that wrote about the conflict, at the time 7 January - 14 Mars 2019, with help of a quantitative content analysis.  The result of this study showed us that the newspapers in Sweden in generally used Primary Definers to get their information so they could write articles about this conflict. It also showed us that the two parties in this conflict, the trade union and the employer, get the chance to speak in the newspaper almost as much as each other. Other findings were made and one of those was that two of Sweden’s largest newspaper barely wrote about this conflict. But when they were writing about this conflict they wrote that this conflict has a big impact on the Swedish economy.

This licentiate thesis focuses on surface patterns, spatiality, and pattern relations in textile design, and aims to explore surface patterns as spatial definers and what they mean in the context of surface patterns. A secondary focus relates to applying conceptual spatial determinations as alternative design variables in design processes, and exploring how these could be used to define and analyse pattern relations. Through a series of exploratory design experiments that used printed and projected surface patterns in a three-dimensional setting, which were documented using photographs and film, the notion of pattern relations, wherein scale was used as a design variable, was explored. The outcome of the experiments showed the expressional possibilities that surface patterns may provide in a defined space, and how these are connected to pattern relations. In order to encourage an accompanying discussion regarding alternative methods of analysing surface patterns, the construction of a theoretical model was initiated. Workshops with design students were used as another practical method in this work. The results showed that there is great potential in using conceptual spatial determinations to define pattern relations by viewing surface patterns as spatial definers, rather than taking a traditional perspective on their functions. Another outcome is the theoretical model, which proposes a specific approach to pattern relations. This research demonstrates how conceptual spatial determinations can benefit the textile design process, as well as design teaching, which could in turn provide the field with new expressions that may lead to a change in or fruitful addition to the practice.