Repetitive injuries have been a major obstacle in production assembly lines all over the world. These injuries have greatly reduced the production efficiency of assembly plants and also negatively affected human health. Various attempts have been made by the Canadian government through the Workers Compensation Board (WCB) to prevent the occurrences of these injuries because of the associated cost and effects. These attempts failed as the cost of injuries acquired in the workplace continues to increase. For example, in New Zealand alone, the total cost of accidents in 2005, is estimated at $300 million (Accident Compensation Corporation, 2005). In Canada, the number of accepted claims alone amount to 15623 people (Workers Compensation Board of Canada, 2003).<p>A human body can be viewed as a mechanism that is composed of links and joints controlled by a central nervous system and are subject to stress, strain, fatigue and failure as can be observed on a regular industrial robot. But unlike the robot which is designed proactively, these stress and strain factors could be because of certain conditions such as inappropriate work posture, poor assembly line design, excessive workload, and poor work conditions. <p>Often, it is almost uncertain to make a conceptual assessment of the appropriate ergonomic design of a production system before the assembly line is built and put in use. This research will propose a general computer-based methodology for analysis of work injuries given an assembly line where human workers perform repetitive operations. The general methodology integrates sophisticated computer software systems for biomechanics simulation with various manual measurement techniques and methods. The research further proposed a simple and handy synthesis method with which problematic areas of assembly line design, with special reference to human work design can be identified and improved. The proposed methodology for analysis and synthesis is then implemented in a real assembly line to understand the effects of different work activities on the human body. Various software packages and motion tracking techniques will be considered prior to the actual implementation of the final methodology. A rule of thumb table will also be presented as a guideline for the re-design process. The research also proposed a general procedure and specific formula within a specific regional context to calculate the costs of worker injuries in real-life assembly system. This formula thus allows us to obtain the total cost of injuries in a production assembly line, making it possible to optimize the design and operation of the assembly line.

The diploma thesis is focused on the ergonomic analysis of selected workplaces in the company TRUNN, s.r.o. The theoretical part of the thesis contains a summary of basic knowledge in the field of ergonomics, which are then applied in the practical part of the thesis. The practical part of the work includes a description of the current state of workplaces and evaluation of jobs using the methods described in the theoretical part. Based on the evaluation, own recommendations and suggestions are made on how to adjust the jobs. The aim of the diploma thesis is to provide workers with a suitable workplace that meets ergonomic requirements.

This thesis work has been carried out at the company Saab AB Aeronautics, which manufactures the military aircraft Gripen E. Today, the company uses 3D work instructions for assembly of Gripen E, which is displayed on a computer screen for the shop floor workers. The company has an interest in investigating whether today's work instructions can be visualized in an Augmented Reality interface by reusing available data. This work has been limited to studying wire harness assembly, which is a main part of the final assembly. The methodology case study in combination with the method Requirements Engineering has been used to analyze the company's possibilities. Data collection has been conducted with internal interviews, studying internal materials and internal courses. The result chapter contains two parts, where the first part presents a situation analysis of how today's work instructions are created in the software DELMIA and what data that is needed. The second part presents a requirements specification for an Augmented Reality Work Instruction for assembly of Gripen E. In the discussion, the situation analysis is compared with the requirements to answer which data that could be reused for creating Augmented Reality Work Instructions and what challenges that may arise. This study shows that the company has prerequisites for creating work instructions in Augmented Reality, as there is available data containing 3D models structured according to an assembly sequence with associated descriptive information.

Programming industrial robots for welding or part manipulation tasks is a time-consuming and complicated process, resulting in companies not able to implement robot systems and exploit their advantages. To reduce the time needed for programming, research is looking into ways to automate this process and reduce manual labour.In this thesis a concept for automating the programming process of industrial robots was investigated using EXCEL VBA and CATIA/DELMIA. It was done for an industrial grating model of varying sizes and configurations, resulting in a time reduction of 99% compared to manual creation. For this, the model was first automatically created from scratch for the required configuration and afterwards a robot motion was created fully automatically. The concept and modelling approach is described, and the automation approach detailed. Finally, the results are analysed and discussed.

拜科技進步之賜，虛擬模擬技術對於未來事件的預測準確度越來越高，而近年來發展出來「數位工廠」即是其中一個典型的工廠應用，因為「數位工廠」可利用三維立體模擬技術來進行工廠製程之設計與開發，可於投資決策前事先瞭解製程與成本之關係，藉此降低企業經營風險。 決策品質對於企業非常重要，關鍵的因素在於正確資訊及經理人的經驗，而經驗判斷也必須基於資訊情報之前提上，也就是說正確及高品質的資訊情報可提升決策之品質，而「數位工廠」則可事先模擬工廠之佈局及流程，提前獲得未來製造的情報，故決策之品質也將因此而提升。 近來許多國內外知名汽車企業紛紛導入「數位工廠」來提升製造之效率，例如日本豐田、德國賓士集團、中華汽車等領先之企業，但導入「數位工廠」絕不只是購買虛擬模擬軟體或是技術即可達成，其中必定包含許多的流程整合及應用過程，這樣才能使預測技術與決策品質一致化。 本研究以個案研究方法，透過觀察分析與訪談的方式，針對目前台灣有導入「數位工廠」的公司進行實證研究，但因台灣導入此類系統之研究樣本較少，故本研究將參考國外之期刊及技術文件，並實地訪問中華汽車，藉此討論汽車產業導入「數位工廠」成功關鍵因素與效益。 【關鍵詞彙】 數位工廠。 / A Study of the Critical Success Factors and Benefits of Implementing the Digital Factory System in Automotive industry － Example of China Motor Company. Thanks to the advance of technology. Virtual simulation technology is getting more accurate prediction of future events. In the recent years, the digital factory is one of the typical plant applications, because the digital factory can use the three-dimensional simulation for plant design, layout, and build up. Manager can check the factory process and cost in virtual simulation environment before company make investment decisions. And they also can reduce the risk by use virtual prediction result. It’s very important for businesses decision making. The key factors for making the right decision are the correct information and the manager's experience. All judgments must be based on the premise of right information, because the right information will improve the quality of decision-making. Recently, many well-known automobile companies develop the digital factory system to improve their manufacturing efficiency, such as Toyota, Mercedes group in Germany, the China motor in Taiwan. But building the digital factory is not just to purchase the virtual simulation software. It will contain the process integration and application process in order to make the good prediction for high quality of decision-making In this study, I use the case study for analysis, interview and observing of China Motor Company. Because the study sample is too small in Taiwan, this study will refer to foreign of journals and technical documents. And I also use field study of China Motor Company for discuss the critical success factors and benefits of digital factory. Key words: digital factory.

This thesis deals with the Industry 4.0 focusing on virtual manufacturing and its inte- gration into education. The aim of the thesis is to summarize and describe the Industry 4.0, and create necessary materials designed for teaching the virtual manufacturing. There is also a discussion on the real use of the virtual manufacturing and possible economic return for firms. Moreover, software programs for the virtual manufacturing available on the market, their options and their real use are also involved in the thesis. It also includes an application design for virtual manufacturing including laboratory tu- torials and the use of this application in education. There are also suggestions for other exercises that could move the teaching of the virtual manufacturing in the Czech Republic further.

Industrial revolutions bring dynamic change to industry through major technological advances (Freeman & Louca, 2002). People and companies must take advantage of industrial revolutions in order to reap its benefits (Bruland & Smith, 2013). Currently, the 4th industrial revolution, industry is transforming advanced manufacturing and engineering capabilities through digital transformation. Company X’s production system was investigated in the research. Detailed evaluation the production process revealed bottlenecks and inefficiency (Melton, 2005). Using the Digital Twin and Discrete Event Factory Simulation, the researcher gathered factory and production input data to simulate the process and provide a system level, holistic view of Company X’s production system to show how factory simulation enables process improvement. The National Academy of Engineering supports Discrete Event Factory Simulation as advancing Personalized Learning through its ability to meet the unique problem solving needs of engineering and manufacturing process through advanced simulation technology (National Academy of Engineering, 2018). The directed project applied two process optimization experiments to the production system through the simulation tool, 3DExperience wiht the DELMIA application from Dassualt Systemes (Dassault, 2018). The experiment resulted in a 10% improvement in production time and a 10% reduction in labor costs due to the optimization