This study examined the relationship between subordinates perception of the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship, dyadic demographic factors and turnover intent in rehabilitation agencies. The sample consisted of 152 direct care employees that work with individuals with disabilities at rehabilitation organizations in the state of Illinois. In particular, the focus was on determining the best fit model that predicts turnover intent among quality of LMX, dyadic age, gender, educational level, ethnicity and duration and their two-way interactions with LMX. Participants were asked to complete the team Leader-Member Exchange scale (LMX-SLX), Turnover Intent Scale (TIS) and a demographic questionnaire. Results of the regression analysis showed that LMX significantly predicted turnover intent, β = -.272, t=-3.298, Sig. F Change = .001. None (dyadic educational level, β = -.146; dyadic ethnicity, β = .068; dyadic gender, β = .100; dyadic duration, β = -.076) of the demographic factors except dyadic age, significantly predicted turnover intent (Sig. F Change = .112). Dyadic age, β = .258, t= 2.502, p= .014 was a significant predictor, although the overall model was not significant. All (dyadic educational level_LMX, β = -.60; dyadic ethnicity_LMX, β = .037; dyadic gender_LMX, β = -.130; dyadic age_LMX, β = .071; dyadic duration_LMX, β = .071), of the interactions significantly predicted turnover intent, although the overall model was not significant. In addition, implications, limitations and delimitation, and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Background: Stock ownership has been increasing in Sweden, with 2,7 million individual owners in 2022, up from 2,1 million in 2018. A trend shows that younger individuals are becoming more involved in stock ownership, while those over 40 are decreasing in numbers. Traditional finance theories, such as neoclassical finance, assume rational decision-making and advocate for diversified portfolios, but behavioral finance acknowledges the impact of psychological factors and biases on investment decisions. Evidence suggests that households tend to reduce diversification levels during stock market crashes, which may be influenced by demographic factors.   Purpose: The aim is to investigate whether the Covid-19 stock market crash influenced the portfolio allocation and asset preferences of Swedish private investors. Specifically, we examine whether there were changes in diversification levels and whether demographic factors such as gender, age, education, and portfolio wealth impacted investment behavior. The research seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Swedish private investors responded to the stock market crash.   Method: We adopt a deductive approach, rooted in the positivistic philosophy. The data for our research was collected through a quantitative survey involving 232 participants. However, only 127 were used for the data analysis. Building upon prior research, seven alternative hypotheses were formulated and examined using the binary logistic model with the statistical tool SPSS and STATA.   Conclusion: Findings from this study show that 30% of participants reported an increased diversification in response to the Covid-19 stock market crash. The only demographic factor that had a significant impact on investors’ likeliness to alter their diversification levels were gender. Women were found to be more likely to increase their diversification levels in response to a stock market crash than men. There has been a shift in asset allocation preferences, with a growing preference for safer options such as mutual funds and ETFs, and a decrease in riskier assets such as stocks. However, we do not find any flight to liquidity.

In psychiatric settings, the use of seclusion and/or restraints can be emotionally and psychologically traumatizing for patients. Patients often experience these interventions as inhumane and humiliating, and such interventions can have physical and mental adverse effects and in some cases can be fatal. This study examined the role of demographic, clinical, and hospital variables in predicting seclusion and/or restraint episodes in adult psychiatric inpatients. A total of 395 patients were included in the study. Adult psychiatric inpatients previously restrained (n = 91) were compared to psychiatric inpatients never restrained (n = 304). A binary logistic regression research design was used to examine the relationship of demographic variables, clinical variables, and hospital variables on the likelihood of being placed in seclusion or restraints. The results yielded age as a significant predictor for patients being restrained. Also, individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder were less likely to experience a seclusion and/or restraint event than patients diagnosed with depressive disorder or within the schizophrenia spectrum. In addition, findings suggest that adult psychiatric inpatients that experienced restraint episodes were restrained within the 1st month of admission, during the weekday and during the 1st shift. In summary, given the findings from this study, knowledge of risk factors that precede patient restraint could enhance education and provide staff with information necessary to meet the clinical needs of the psychiatric inpatient population. Research indicates that the use of seclusion and restraint has decreased followed by implementation of educational programs designed to help staff assess patient clinical care needs and develop more therapeutically appropriate alternatives (Bower et al., 2003). By being aware of possible risk factors associated with seclusion and/or restraint, mental health providers can use early intervention and prevention strategies to reduce the use of seclusion and/or restraint. This would provide safer environments for mental health patients receiving treatment.

This thesis examines the relationship between childhood exposure to air pollution and long-term health. The research is based on an earlier study (1978-1986) that examined the relationship between exposure to air quality and respiratory health for a cohort of elementary school-aged children (n=3,202). These children resided in four distinct neighbourhoods in Hamilton, Ontario, which exhibited significant gradients in air pollution levels. Informed by the Life Course Health Development model, a survey was developed and administered on a reconstructed cohort (n = 395). The following objectives were addressed: 1) to determine the current health status of the reconstructed cohort; 2) to assess the potential relationship between childhood exposure to air pollution and adult respiratory health; and, 3) to explore factors mediating this relationship. Data was collected for a range of variables including residential and occupational histories, socio-demographic variables, and health outcomes. The dataset was merged with data from childhood on respiratory health, exposure to air pollution, and socio-demographic variables. Results indicate that a relatively high percentage of respondents had asthma in childhood (11%) compared to the original cohort (5.5%). In addition, prevalence rates of most health outcomes were higher than those of the Canadian population. Despite the gradient in air pollution levels, there were no significant differences in health status across neighborhoods. However, results of bi-variate and multi-variate analysis indicate possible significant associations between childhood exposure to S02 and hospital visits for asthma, asthma incidence in adulthood, and ever being diagnosed with asthma for females. For males, results suggest that childhood exposure to S02 is not linked to respiratory health. Factors related to the macro and micro environments also play significant roles in long-term health. This thesis made significant contributions to knowledge by suggesting that childhood exposure to S02 may impact long-term respiratory health for females, and may be linked to inflammatory diseases. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

An amplified emphasis on global competency and a projected demographic shift toward an increasingly diverse population necessitates that businesses and organizations prepare adequately to remain competitive and effective. Training to enhance employees' multicultural competence is often used by organizations to address these impending changes; however, there is little research documenting the degree to which these trainings are effective. Using archival training evaluation data, the purpose of this study was to examine participant estimations of the effectiveness of one such training and also to determine if participant demographic variables including gender, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and employee classification (faculty or staff) held any predictive value in relation to training ratings. The results indicated that overall most participants found the training effective. Staff, female, or non-White participants were significantly more likely to rate the training favorably. These results suggest that diversity training may be a viable method of addressing changing organizational demographics and provides some insight as to how training group demographics could be used during the training planning and implementation process to individualize the curriculum.

It is difficult to have an integrated population throughout all age strata in a society. Especially if one considers the growing percentage of the aged population and their feeling alienated in their current physical surroundings. In order to solve imminent problems with the growing elderly population, a primary task should be considering how to improve the housing of senior citizens. Furthermore, bringing the youth and elderly together would produce a functioning self-help system. It engenders interaction strategies by employing the strengths of one generation to serve another generation’s needs. This idea was introduced by the systemic family therapist Gerhard Schiele. He indicates that current care facilities, nursing homes and assisted living facilities are not socially sustainable over the long term. This system also fosters a symbiotic relationship within a living complex, where residents and local communities interact in a mutually beneficial living arrangement. An improvement in the design of senior living community, combined with programs that promote a multi-generational interaction, can provide a holistic solution for the entire population. This cross generational solution will focus on the best practice of intergenerational living as it aims to allow all age groups to commingle. The ultimate goal of this study is to show an optimal type of residence within a mixed use building complex that accommodates the aging process with a full life perspective. A focus on age-related issues not only provides great promise for those as they mature, but also greatly improves the quality of life for everyone, regardless of age.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24310号 / 理博第4880号 / 新制||理||1698(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 曽田 貞滋, 准教授 渡辺 勝敏, 教授 中務 真人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The primary purpose of this thesis is a description of some of the major changes which the population of Texas has undergone, particularly in the first half of the twentieth century. Other approaches are possible. For example, it is both possible and important to develop the relationship of population change to social problems. However, it is not the purpose of this thesis to investigate these relationships. It is the purpose here to view the population problem in almost entirely a factual sense, basing observations and interpretations on strictly demographic data.

Nationally representative studies estimate that almost one in five adolescents in the United States is overweight. This is a major concern for individuals' physical and psychological health and the overall economy in terms of health care costs and loss of productivity. The approach of this study was to understand adolescent overweight as influenced by family processes including: parent-adolescent relationship, monitoring or parental knowledge, control, family meals, and parenting styles. Race, sex, family structure, income, and mother Body Mass Index (BMI) were also included. A sub-sample of 4,688 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 was used to address the association between family processes, demographic variables, and adolescent Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile over four years. Due to the inclusion of siblings in the sample, the data are non-independent. Longitudinal multilevel modeling was used to adjust for this non-independence. The final model indicated that frequency of family meals, sex, race, father's parenting style, control, and mother's BMI were important predictors of adolescent BMI percentile over time. Mother's BMI was the strongest predictor of adolescent BMI percentile. More frequent family meals led to decreases in BMI percentile over time, while males, African Americans, and Latinos had higher average BMI percentiles than other groups. These findings suggest the need for intervention that focuses on mother's health and healthy behaviors in the home. At risk groups, including African American and Latino adolescents and males, should be targeted for these interventions. Additionally, the results indicated that using multilevel modeling with the NLSY97 was important due to nesting within families.

When the Mormon people began evacuating Nauvoo, Illinois, in February 1846, they intended to leave the United States and build a home for themselves in the West, where they could practice their religion without persecution. However, as Brigham Young led thousands through severe rain and mud that spring, he soon decided that too many of the Saints were unprepared for the long journey to the mountains. Mormons built way stations across Iowa, places where they planted crops, raised log cabins, and obtained the necessary food and supplies. After the Saints moved on to Utah in following years, many of these way stations became permanent towns in Iowa. As the first way station Mormons established in Iowa, Garden Grove created a pattern for the other way stations that followed. An exhaustive study of over three hundred sources has provided the information necessary to create a database of the settlers of the town from 1846 to 1852. This study has found that the mortality rate was high the first year, but death was not a significant problem later. The fertility rate was exceptionally high, demonstrating that the way stations were heavily populated by families awaiting the birth of a child. The nativity of the people showed that the LDS and non-LDS settlers came from the same cultural background, mostly New England and the Midwest, and further study revealed that those not of the Mormon faith were friends and family of the Saints. Economically, the original Garden Grove settlers were the poorest of the Mormons coming out of Nauvoo, but by 1870, their mean wealth was above the average wealth of pioneers in Utah. The Garden Grove Saints created a settlement to help themselves and other Mormons. In the process, they improved trails and supplied food and services to overlanders that assisted in the settlement of the American West.