Due to the two wheelers business in domestic market are turning to be competitiveness and saturation, how to maintain their original market shares would be the top priority topics of marketing from two wheelers manufacturer. Two wheelers product has many features such as mobility, rapidity, convenience, economy, and easy parking¡Ketc, it¡¦s good for short distance commuter. That¡¦s why motorcycle/ Scooter products become very popular and general as personal commuting vehicle among the adolescent consumers. In order to be appealed by them, two wheelers manufacturer will build their Brand Marketing Strategies which are the key to influence the adolescent consumers and their consuming behaviors. Therefore, it becomes very important issue to find out the influential factors of consuming behavior among the adolescent consumers when two wheelers manufacturer try to build their own Brand Marketing Strategies. This study intends to take advantage of motorcycle industry as an example, aims at the perception of the adolescent consumers on Brand Marketing Strategies to find out the influential factors of consuming behavior among the adolescent consumers. The survey respondent on this study must be qualified between the ages over 16 and below 24 with identity of school student as studying target. The main purpose of this study would be as follows: (1)Take a full scope on development of current motorcycle industry. (2)Realize the perception among the adolescent consumers on brand marketing of motorcycle. (3)According to the perception of motorcycle brand marketing among the adolescent consumers, what is their influential issue when they decide to purchase a motorcycle? The conclusions of this study would be as follows: (1)The brand marketing strategies from two wheelers manufacturer will influence their purchasing decision of motorcycle among the adolescent consumers. (2)Consumer Behavior won¡¦t be affected by different demographic variables. (3)Strategy of brand marketing will be affected by different demographic variables.

Background: Nowadays with the very competitive business environment, it is essential for companies to gain loyal customers. Loyalty programs are one of the tools at the disposition of companies to attract and retain their customers. The relationship between customer loyalty and some socio-demographics factors have been a subject of researches but the specific relationship between socio-demographics factors and customer loyalty programs has not been studied yet. This study is going to try to fulfil this gap. Purpose: To study the influence of socio-demographic factors on customers’ expectations of their loyalty programs and on their loyalty. Research questions: 1. Which socio-demographic factors are influencing customers’ expectations of their loyalty programs? 2. Which socio-demographic factors are influencing program loyalty and company loyalty? Methodology: Quantitative research. Conclusion: It is possible to say that all socio-demographic factors studied have an influence on at least one of the expectations of customers concerning their loyalty programs and on their loyalty too. Those factors are then really important for a company to look at when they start a loyalty program or when they try to improve it.

Calculating the numbers of people, their age, and income demographic in our future not only gives the idea of how people’s lifestyle will change, but also provides a clue of how planners should prepare the future. In this perspective, planners should pay close attention to any possible changes in demographic profile. By closely researching the cause and effect of the changes, they are able to be more responsible to the future and design an environment that better meets the needs of the population. According to many researches about population projection, we will experience a significant shift in population pyramid and this can be traced to the Baby Boomer generation’s aging. This report starts with connecting the population change to the recent development theories in urban planning and design field. To make our living environment better, and to make the urban theories, such as Infill Development, or New Urbanism, more sustainable, I think the development patterns should be more flexible to reflect our future demographic changes. By doing so, we will be able to maximize the advantages of those theories and make our built environment more sustainable stage. / text

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att hitta samband mellan de demografiska faktorerna och en förändring i det privata pensionssparandet år 2015. Teoretisk och empirisk metod: Forskningsstrategin för denna studie har varit av kvantitaiv form, med en hypotetisk deduktiv ansats. En enkätundersökning låg till grund för insamling av empirin i denna forskning. Målgruppen för respondenterna var mellan 20-65 år, då det anses till största del vara dessa som pensionssparar. Enkäten bestod till största del utav frågor med alternativ som respondenterna fick fylla i. Resultat och Slutsats: Resultatet av denna forskning visar hur vissa av demografiska faktorer påverkar personers privata pensionssparande och även hur de agerat efter förändringen av avdragsrätt. De demografiska faktorer som kan påvisas påverka är en persons ålder och inkomst. Det fanns ett positivt samband mellan stigande ålder och summa pensionssparande och stigande inkomst och summa pensionssparande. Åldern och inkomsten sågs även påverka hur individer valde att ändra pensionssparandet efter ändringen i avdragsrätt. / Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find connections between demographic factors and a changing of the reduced deductibility year 2015. Theoretical och empirical method: The strategy for this empirical study has been in a quantitative shape with a deductive approach. A survey has been formed to collect the empirical material. The target group for this study has been individuals between 20-65 years old, because these are the people that should be saving for their retirement. The questionnaire was for the most part filled with beforehand given answers that the individual chose the answer that they felt represented themselves. Conclusion: The results of this paper shows how some of the demographic factors has an impact on how an individual acts when they are saving for their retirement and that there is some differences on how they have act after the reduced deductibility. The two factors that have an impact is a person’s age and their level of income. Where people in a higher age and with a higher income will save more for their retirement then others. People with a higher income and a higher age will have change their retirement plan after 2015.

During the period of 1992-1998, Russia underwent a transition from a centralized economy to a market economy with devastating socioeconomic consequences, and industrial decline, which has resulted in demographic crises. The central argument driving this thesis is that during its transition to a market economy, through shock therapy from 1992-1998, Russia’s social and economic infrastructure went through a regression in the form of refeudalization, which is empirically revealed through health and demographic indicators. Remarkably, the effects of this socioeconomic regression was buffered from further devastation through a set of social compromises between workers, unions and industrial managers, which stabilized the brunt of shock therapy, but still resulted in the refeudalization of Russian society. The objective of this study is to construct a comprehensive model to conceptualize Russia’s socioeconomic regression during the period of transition from 1992-1998, and to explain the causes for the regression within the model. / This thesis conceptualizes socioeconomic regression as a feature of political economy within a mode of production model, and applies the model to explain Russia's socioeconomic transition during the period from 1992 to 1998.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis investigates the impact of rural to urban migration on long-standing commons regimes in the Sierra Norte (northern highlands) of Oaxaca – the most biologically and culturally diverse state in Mexico. Since the second half of the twentieth century, local communities have been engaged with regional, national and international markets for wage labour, with many losing a significant percentage of their resident populations. The study shows how demographic and cultural change is impacting the two social institutions – cargos and tequios – that underpin the highly autonomous form of governance the region is famed for. The loss of able-bodied men and women has meant that these customary systems are struggling to remain operational. In response, a number of far-reaching changes have been introduced, including institutional adaptations and the forging of strong translocal ties that show potential for reducing the vulnerability of affected communities. However, while migration was temporary or circular for much of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, thus helping to maintain a balance between subsistence production and market engagement, a form of semi-permanent or permanent migration has come to dominate over the past decade and a half. This critical yet poorly recognised shift in migration dynamics has seen new and increased pressures emerge, and served to reduce the effectiveness of adaptive strategies at the community level. Within this context, the implications for commons theory are discussed, with two alternate frameworks (rational choice vs. moral economy) utilised to explain why institutions may persist, transform or fail in the face of change. In addition, a layer of complexity is added to the body of work examining the consequences of rural depopulation on Mexican forest landscapes and associated biological diversity. The study questions the assumption that rural to urban migration necessarily stimulates ecosystem recovery and enhances biodiversity conservation at a landscape scale. In fact, because of abandonment of a mosaic of use, the net effect may be an overall loss of biodiversity. From a policy perspective, the principal contributions of the study are especially pertinent at a time when funding agencies and government programs show belated interest in the consequences of out-migration for environmental management, resource use and rural livelihoods in tropical country settings.

No description available.

Migration, which is becoming the most important branch of demography is the central theme of this thesis. The introduction covers the sources and methods employed and surveys the political and economic milieu in which Southampton developed between 1400 and 1600. The demographic fluctuations in the town at the period are charted and set in the context of other towns. Southampton did not grow in the early modern period by natural increase but through immigration. Study of mid-19th-century censuses has been undertaken in England but pre-industrial migration remains largely uncharted although scholars have studied individual sources such as consistory court deposition books or freemen's rolls. The originality of this thesis lies in its multi-source approach to the study of migration. The investigation of a single town enables the careers of the immigrants to be traced to see how they progressed. The two central sections of the thesis examines the origins and mobility of various groups in Southampton during the 15th and 16th centuries - royal officials, mayors, HPs, burgesses, non-burgesses and the poor. Three lists, for 1454, 1524 and 1585, have been analysed by nominal record linkage. These lists provide 'snapshots' of society and provide a basis for discussion of topics not mentioned elsewhere such as the origins and connections of property owners in 1454. The 1524 discussion examines Southampton society by wealth group and the 1585 muster provides an opportunity for discussion of apprenticeship and occupational patronage, the passing of skills from masters to servants, who were often immigrants. The fourth section deals with overseas immigrants to the town. An Italian became mayor in the 15th century and foreigners penetrated town society at all levels, bringing new skills to the town such as glazing and the manufacture of the 'new draperies'. Channel Islanders also migrated to Southampton, being identified in all walks of life from mayors to paupers. The study concludes that immigration and emigration were of great importance to the life of the town between 1400 and 1600, and that with patronage, or money, outsiders were welcomed into town society: indeed town dynasties were rare. An estimated 50% of the population of renaissance Southampton were immigrants who not only swelled its numbers but also provided new capital and ideas. This novel attempt to tackle the formerly intractable problem of migration within an urban community provides a methodological framework for future studies.