O intenso crescimento populacional traz consigo uma preocupação ambiental, já que, diante da necessidade de exploração dos recursos naturais, a adoção de políticas de reciclagem faz-se fundamental para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável. Neste cenário, apesar dos resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) possuírem alto potencial de reciclagem, a estes sempre foi dispensado o tratamento de lixo. Além disso, os estudos realizados visando à reciclagem dos RCD mostram-se bastante concentrados na produção de agregados para a fabricação de concreto e para a aplicação em pavimentação. Diante disso, neste trabalho procurou-se definir uma nova aplicação para os resíduos de construção e demolição reciclados (RCD-R), buscando caracterizar suas propriedades geotécnicas como material de construção e verificando o seu desempenho como material de preenchimento de estruturas de solo reforçado. Ensaios de caracterização, de resistência ao cisalhamento e ensaios de arrancamento de geogrelha revelaram que o RCD-R apresentou baixos coeficientes de variação nas suas propriedades e excelente comportamento mecânico, o que justifica a sua utilização na aplicação proposta. / The intense population growth brings some environmental concerns due to the need of exploitation of natural resources, and the adoption of recycling policies is basic principle to reach sustainable development. In this scenario, however, the high potential of recycling the construction and demolition wastes (CDW) has been ignored. Moreover, studies focus mainly on the recycling of CDW for the production of aggregates for use in pavements and concrete. The present study deals with a new application of the recycled construction and demolition waste (RCDW) as backfill of reinforced soil structures. Characterization, direct shear and pullout tests on geogrids has depicted that RCDW shows low coefficients of variation of its properties and excellent mechanical behavior that justify its use for proposed application.

Currently in the field of demolition, which generates most of the waste in the construction industry, the treatment of waste largely relies on landfill or degraded recycling, which leads to significant consumption of natural resource and energy and a shortage of landfill site. In order to improve the inefficiency of demolition waste recovery, “to suggest improvements in the environmental impact of the demolition industry in UK” was set as the aim of the present research. After the identification of few opportunities for communication between demolishers and constructers in the current social system, a collaboration support system between these two stakeholders called ‘Demolition Project Mapping’ (DPM) system was suggested. In the system, the impact evaluation tool developed in the 4D-CAD software is applied to the demolition project simulation. This tool allows the users to dynamically simulate the impact of project planning which can be designed in the tool. In the pilot study, the simulation result shows the large potential to reduce the impact (e.g. 28% for the cost) by the tool application.

Orientador: Rosane Aparecida Gomes Battistelle / Banca: Adilson Renofio / Banca: Adriana Antunes Lopes / Resumo: O crescimento dos resíduos sólidos vem se transformando em um dos grandes desafios para os órgãos municipais, especialmente dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, decorrentes da indústria da construção civil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico do gerencimento deste tipo de resíduos na região metropolitana de São Paulo, baseando-se em informações fornecidas pelos órgãos envolvidos e em visitas a locais de armazenamento, triagem, reciclagem e disposição final. Esta investigação decorreu da necessidade de se avaliar estratégias para minimizar os impactos socioambientais negativos, acarretados por esses resíduos. Seu objetivo geral foi coletar dados que delineassem a realidade do descarte de resíduos da construção civil no município de São Paulo e gerar subsídios que pudessem servir de apoio aos agentes envolvidos. Teve também por objetivos específicos: identificar os pontos de descarte na região metropolitana de São Paulo e realizar, por meio de dados e informações obtidas junto a órgãos públicos e empresas privadas, uma estimativa da geração dos resíduos de construção civil nesses pontos. Como resultado, contabilizou-se valores na ordem de 1.366.460,17 t/mês. Conclui-se que há necessidade de uma maior valorização de todos os materiais que constituem as peças de uma construção , no sentido de que não ocorram sobras, nem desperdícios de matéria-prima. Recomenda-se a preservação das áreas de jazidas de materiais e minimização do uso desses locais para destinação final dos resíduos. / Abstract: The growth of solid waste has become one of the greatest challenges for the public authorities, in particular the management of solid urban waste resulting from the construction industry. The purpose of this work is to perfom a diagnosis of the management of this type of waste in the greater São Paulo. This study is based on information supplied by the involved agencies, as well as visits to storage, separation, recycling and final disposition sites. Such investigation results from the need to evaluate strategies to minimize negative social and environmental impacts caused by such waste. The goal was to raise general data to draw the reality of disposal of waste from construction in the municipality of São Paulo and generate subsidies that could serve as a support for the agents involved. He had also by specific objectives: to identify the points of disposal in the greater São Paulo and carry through data and information from the public agencies and private companies, an estimate of the generation of waste from construction at such points. The data totalize a generation of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) of 1.366.460,17 metric tons/month in the city of São Paulo. In conclusion, one can mention the need to increase the value of all materials used as construction elements so that no unused materials remain nor raw materials are wasted. It is recommended to preserve the extraction sites of the materials and limit the use of these sites as final waste destination. / Mestre

abstract: The built environment is responsible for a significant portion of global waste generation. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste requires significant landfill areas and costs billions of dollars. New business models that reduce this waste may prove to be financially beneficial and generally more sustainable. One such model is referred to as the “Circular Economy” (CE), which promotes the efficient use of materials to minimize waste generation and raw material consumption. CE is achieved by maximizing the life of materials and components and by reclaiming the typically wasted value at the end of their life. This thesis identifies the potential opportunities for using CE in the built environment. It first calculates the magnitude of C&D waste and its main streams, highlights the top C&D materials based on weight and value using data from various regions, identifies the top C&D materials’ current recycling and reuse rates, and finally estimates a potential financial benefit of $3.7 billion from redirecting C&D waste using the CE concept in the United States. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2019

<p>This report is about planning a demolition. The purpose of this report is that it should become a base for a demolition of house J at the Academic hospital in Uppsala, and also to make general help for planning a demolition. This report also contains a part about how a change in the work environment affects general people. The work started with studies of literature and design of the general part of the report and then continued with a practical study of house J. From the experience of the first two parts of the report a general help for planning a demolition was shaped. Today in the demolition industry the most common and effective way to demolish a building is to do it selective and that means, taking the building down part by part depending on the grade of separation. The recommendation for the demolition of house J is to do it selective. “Thinking” about the demolition in the building phase of a house helps to reduce the environmental effects of the demolition and makes it easier to carry out. Planning a building should be done in a long term perspective to make it easier to cope with activity changes, rebuilding and complementary building. When a building is due for demolition it’s important to know everything about the construction of the building and it’s materials to make a good demolition plan both economic and environmental.</p>

<p>This thesis studies the Danish and Norwegian recycling systems for construction and demolition (C&D) waste. The architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is a major contributor to societies waste production; accounting for approximately 40% of the waste production. It is therefore important to manage the C&D waste effectively to move society towards sustainability.</p><p>This study applies the Industrial Ecology paradigm. This involved multidisciplinary approach, spanning the fields of Industrial Ecology, Systems Engineering and Organizational and Social Studies.</p><p>The scope of this thesis is threefold. The first scope is to get a better understanding of the processes that are taking place within the socio-technical sphere of a recycling system. Second, what is the nature of the C&D waste and what are the environmental impacts from the various waste fractions. Third, how can this information be used to improve recycling systems for C&D waste.</p><p>The study show that the suggestions in the National Action Plan and the corresponding policies are eco-effective, but that the environmental impact is very transport dependent. The study also shows that there is a great need to focus on future waste composition in the design of recycling systems for C&D waste. However, such waste projections are difficult to perform due to poor data availability.</p><p>There is a need for making more qualified decisions on environmental issues, with regard to long term management of such recycling systems. Long term models combined with environmental and economic information can make a powerful tool for such analysis.</p>

This thesis studies the Danish and Norwegian recycling systems for construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste. The architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is a major contributor to societies waste production; accounting for approximately 40% of the waste production. It is therefore important to manage the C&amp;D waste effectively to move society towards sustainability. This study applies the Industrial Ecology paradigm. This involved multidisciplinary approach, spanning the fields of Industrial Ecology, Systems Engineering and Organizational and Social Studies. The scope of this thesis is threefold. The first scope is to get a better understanding of the processes that are taking place within the socio-technical sphere of a recycling system. Second, what is the nature of the C&amp;D waste and what are the environmental impacts from the various waste fractions. Third, how can this information be used to improve recycling systems for C&amp;D waste. The study show that the suggestions in the National Action Plan and the corresponding policies are eco-effective, but that the environmental impact is very transport dependent. The study also shows that there is a great need to focus on future waste composition in the design of recycling systems for C&amp;D waste. However, such waste projections are difficult to perform due to poor data availability. There is a need for making more qualified decisions on environmental issues, with regard to long term management of such recycling systems. Long term models combined with environmental and economic information can make a powerful tool for such analysis.

Introduction: Over the last few decades there has been a great increase in the attention to Corporate Social Responsibility. Organizations that up until recently have had profit maximization and shareholder value as their only concerns have found themselves in a position where stakeholder demands have created pressure to produce and act on sustainability agendas. Concepts like intergenerational equity, wealth distribution, equality and macroeconomic stability became a part of everyday business language and these days the majority of firms communicate a variety of CSR related issues through annual or separate sustainability reports. Up until recently the construction industry has managed to avoid such demands, however lately, the pressure from various stakeholders such as society, activist groups, governments and external competition, has put the industry among the more environmentally sensitive sectors. Although industry wide CSR involvement has increased within environmental construction management, much is still left to be done. Problem: One area which has received little attention is recycling after demolition. Most companies focus on making new building projects as environmentally friendly as possible, however hardly any attention is geared towards what happens to old buildings being torn down and the lifecycle of the old material. Although construction companies have the legal obligation to recycle hazardous material, much can be improved within the other areas especially regarding the reusing of materials from the demolishing sites which means both environmental and economical aspects are so far being overlooked.  Purpose: The authors aim to examine the complexities and challenges facing the construction industry in environmental management of demolition projects, and more specifically the effect this has on the recycling and reusing of materials. Methodology: In order to research the waste management practices on demolition sites the research employs interview studies conducted through qualitative mostly face-to-face and a few telephone interviews. Complementary cases were selected within different categories of the construction industry sectors related to demolition projects: client, construction, demolition and waste management companies’ employees were interviewed. Conclusion: The results show that companies within the construction industry realize the potential negative effects their line of business has on the environment. Sustainability agendas in all cases focus extensively on environmental management, which includes proper disposal of demolition waste. The main benefits for recycling and reusing (in some cases reselling) the material were financial incentives and generated competitive advantage, which resulted in better competitiveness concerning procurement. The main challenges identified are time and monetary constraints. Lack of regulation, common standard that would enable firms to compete equally, and lack of common effort and cooperation towards more efficient waste management practices on demolition sites were identified as main hindering factors for industry wide improvement.

ABSTRACT DESIGN OF A DEMOLITION BOOM &Ccedil / etin, Bet&uuml / l M.S, Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Eres S&Ouml / YLEMEZ August 2007, 96 pages Excavators are used for many purposes. Some of these are digging, drilling, breaking and demolition. A demolition excavator boom consists of 3-piece boom which is different in form and construction from a 2-piece boom used in standard excavator. The aim of this thesis is to design a demolition boom for hydraulic excavator with operation weight of 30 ton. With this construction a higher reach is gained. Design of the demolition boom consists of three stages. Firstly the mechanism design is performed to determine the basic link dimensions. In the second step the structural shape of the boom is estimated to perform static stress analysis. The EXCEL program is chosen due to the ease of repetative calculations and applying the changes in structure parameters. The demolition boom is modeled by PRO-ENGINEER, and consequently the model is analyzed by using a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in MSC.Marc-Mentat. According to the FEA results the model is revised. Keywords: Demolition Excavator, Mechanism Design, Structural design

Syftet med arbetet var att identifiera ytor inom Södertörn där det skulle vara möjligt att etablera materialterminaler för hantering av byggbranschens jord- och bergmaterial. Förhoppningen var att detta kunde bidra till ett planeringsunderlag för en samordnad materialförvaltning inom regionen. Behovet och nyttan av fler materialterminaler har börjat uppmärksammas, men inga studier kring vilka platser som lämpar sig för ändamålet har tidigare genomförts utifrån svenska förhållanden.   För att ta reda på vilka kriterier som definierade en bra materialterminalyta genomfördes en intervjustudie där tio aktörer med anknytning till materialhanteringsbranschen intervjuades. Kriterierna översattes till geografisk information och implementerades i GIS-programmet ArcMAP där det konstruerades en kartbild vilken visualiserade de ytor som var lämpliga respektive olämpliga att använda för ändamålet. Därefter genomfördes ett exempel vilket visade hur kartunderlaget kunde användas för att göra ett första urval av potentiella platser för en terminal inom angivet avstånd från utvalda byggprojektområden. För att ytterligare bidra till planeringsunderlaget identifierades regionens nuvarande materialterminaler, även de redovisades i en geografisk bild konstruerad i ArcMAP. I stort var de intervjuade aktörerna överens om vilka kriterier en materialterminalyta bör uppfylla. De främsta tycktes vara följande; att terminalen har ett bra logistiskt läge som ger korta transporter, att den kan avskärmas från boende och andra som vistas i området, att den har liten konkurrens från andra intressen och ligger utanför miljökänsliga områden samt har en (tillräckligt) stor yta. GIS-analysen och dess resulterande kartbild visade att det fanns stora tillgängliga ytor som uppfyllde kriterierna och som potentiellt skulle kunna användas till nya materialterminaler inom Södertörn. Detta strider mot den vedertagna uppfattningen om att platsbrist är en av de största anledningarna till att terminaler inte har kunnat etableras. Alla kriterier fanns dock inte representerade i analysen, vissa visade sig nämligen vara svåra att översätta till geografisk information. Dessutom fanns det inte alltid tydliga gränser mellan när en markyta kunde användas och inte, i flera fall tycktes det bero på platsspecifika egenskaper. Antaganden och subjektiva bedömningar låg därmed delvis till grund för hur kriterierna representerades i kartbilden. Dessa antaganden och bedömningar baserades dock på intervjuer med kunniga och insatta aktörer samt relevant litteratur, resultaten bedömdes därmed som rimliga och kartbilden möjlig att använda för att få en uppfattning om potentiella materialterminalplatser. GIS-analysen med resulterande kartunderlag skulle kunna användas för att göra ett första urval av potentiella terminalplatser som sedan analyseras vidare innan slutgiltigt val. Rapporten kan användas till att få en bredare kunskap om materialterminaler, vilka kriterier och krav de bör uppfylla och hur berörda aktörer tänker kring dessa. / The purpose of this thesis was to identify areas within Stockholm’s southernmost municipalities (Södertörn) where it was possible to establish terminals where soil and rock material used within the construction industry could be stored and sorted. This should contribute to the planning of a coordinated material management in the region. The need for and usefulness of these hubs have begun to be recognized, but no studies about suitable sites based on Swedish conditions has previously been carried out. In order to find the criteria that define a favourable area for such a site ten stakeholders with connection to the material management were interviewed. The criteria were then translated into geographic information and implemented in the GIS software ArcMap, where a map visualizing the areas that were suitable respectively unsuitable for the purpose was constructed. Thereafter an example which showed how the map could be used to make an initial selection of potential sites within a specified distance from selected construction sites was carried out. In order to further contribute to a coordinated material management the region's current sites for soil and rock handling were identified, also presented in a geographical image constructed in ArcMap. Overall the interviewed stakeholders agreed about which criteria a soil and rock handling site should meet. The most important ones seemed to be the following; a good logistical location which minimizes transportation distances, possibility to shield it from residents and others staying in the area, little competition from other interests, a location outside environmentally sensitive areas, and finally, an area that is (sufficiently) large. The result showed that there existed large accessible areas that could potentially be used for the establishment of new handling sites within Södertörn, which contradict the opinion that the lack of space is one of the major reasons to that these kind of establishments can’t be established. All criteria were not represented in the map though, this since some were not possible to translate into geographic information. Moreover, clear boundaries between when an area could be used and not were sometimes lacking, it seemed to depend on site-specific characteristics. How the criteria were represented in the map was therefore partly based on assumptions and subjective judgments. Assumptions and estimates were however based on interviews with knowledgeable stakeholders and relevant literature and were therefore considered to be reasonable. The map was considered to be able to give an indication of where were soil and rock handling sites potentially could be established. The map could be used to make an initial selection of potential sites, which then can be further analysed before a final choice. The report can be used to gain a broader understanding of these kind of establishments, the criteria and requirements they must meet, and what involved stakeholders think about these.