Syftet med arbetet var att identifiera ytor inom Södertörn där det skulle vara möjligt att etablera materialterminaler för hantering av byggbranschens jord- och bergmaterial. Förhoppningen var att detta kunde bidra till ett planeringsunderlag för en samordnad materialförvaltning inom regionen. Behovet och nyttan av fler materialterminaler har börjat uppmärksammas, men inga studier kring vilka platser som lämpar sig för ändamålet har tidigare genomförts utifrån svenska förhållanden.   För att ta reda på vilka kriterier som definierade en bra materialterminalyta genomfördes en intervjustudie där tio aktörer med anknytning till materialhanteringsbranschen intervjuades. Kriterierna översattes till geografisk information och implementerades i GIS-programmet ArcMAP där det konstruerades en kartbild vilken visualiserade de ytor som var lämpliga respektive olämpliga att använda för ändamålet. Därefter genomfördes ett exempel vilket visade hur kartunderlaget kunde användas för att göra ett första urval av potentiella platser för en terminal inom angivet avstånd från utvalda byggprojektområden. För att ytterligare bidra till planeringsunderlaget identifierades regionens nuvarande materialterminaler, även de redovisades i en geografisk bild konstruerad i ArcMAP. I stort var de intervjuade aktörerna överens om vilka kriterier en materialterminalyta bör uppfylla. De främsta tycktes vara följande; att terminalen har ett bra logistiskt läge som ger korta transporter, att den kan avskärmas från boende och andra som vistas i området, att den har liten konkurrens från andra intressen och ligger utanför miljökänsliga områden samt har en (tillräckligt) stor yta. GIS-analysen och dess resulterande kartbild visade att det fanns stora tillgängliga ytor som uppfyllde kriterierna och som potentiellt skulle kunna användas till nya materialterminaler inom Södertörn. Detta strider mot den vedertagna uppfattningen om att platsbrist är en av de största anledningarna till att terminaler inte har kunnat etableras. Alla kriterier fanns dock inte representerade i analysen, vissa visade sig nämligen vara svåra att översätta till geografisk information. Dessutom fanns det inte alltid tydliga gränser mellan när en markyta kunde användas och inte, i flera fall tycktes det bero på platsspecifika egenskaper. Antaganden och subjektiva bedömningar låg därmed delvis till grund för hur kriterierna representerades i kartbilden. Dessa antaganden och bedömningar baserades dock på intervjuer med kunniga och insatta aktörer samt relevant litteratur, resultaten bedömdes därmed som rimliga och kartbilden möjlig att använda för att få en uppfattning om potentiella materialterminalplatser. GIS-analysen med resulterande kartunderlag skulle kunna användas för att göra ett första urval av potentiella terminalplatser som sedan analyseras vidare innan slutgiltigt val. Rapporten kan användas till att få en bredare kunskap om materialterminaler, vilka kriterier och krav de bör uppfylla och hur berörda aktörer tänker kring dessa. / The purpose of this thesis was to identify areas within Stockholm’s southernmost municipalities (Södertörn) where it was possible to establish terminals where soil and rock material used within the construction industry could be stored and sorted. This should contribute to the planning of a coordinated material management in the region. The need for and usefulness of these hubs have begun to be recognized, but no studies about suitable sites based on Swedish conditions has previously been carried out. In order to find the criteria that define a favourable area for such a site ten stakeholders with connection to the material management were interviewed. The criteria were then translated into geographic information and implemented in the GIS software ArcMap, where a map visualizing the areas that were suitable respectively unsuitable for the purpose was constructed. Thereafter an example which showed how the map could be used to make an initial selection of potential sites within a specified distance from selected construction sites was carried out. In order to further contribute to a coordinated material management the region's current sites for soil and rock handling were identified, also presented in a geographical image constructed in ArcMap. Overall the interviewed stakeholders agreed about which criteria a soil and rock handling site should meet. The most important ones seemed to be the following; a good logistical location which minimizes transportation distances, possibility to shield it from residents and others staying in the area, little competition from other interests, a location outside environmentally sensitive areas, and finally, an area that is (sufficiently) large. The result showed that there existed large accessible areas that could potentially be used for the establishment of new handling sites within Södertörn, which contradict the opinion that the lack of space is one of the major reasons to that these kind of establishments can’t be established. All criteria were not represented in the map though, this since some were not possible to translate into geographic information. Moreover, clear boundaries between when an area could be used and not were sometimes lacking, it seemed to depend on site-specific characteristics. How the criteria were represented in the map was therefore partly based on assumptions and subjective judgments. Assumptions and estimates were however based on interviews with knowledgeable stakeholders and relevant literature and were therefore considered to be reasonable. The map was considered to be able to give an indication of where were soil and rock handling sites potentially could be established. The map could be used to make an initial selection of potential sites, which then can be further analysed before a final choice. The report can be used to gain a broader understanding of these kind of establishments, the criteria and requirements they must meet, and what involved stakeholders think about these.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

This report is about planning a demolition. The purpose of this report is that it should become a base for a demolition of house J at the Academic hospital in Uppsala, and also to make general help for planning a demolition. This report also contains a part about how a change in the work environment affects general people. The work started with studies of literature and design of the general part of the report and then continued with a practical study of house J. From the experience of the first two parts of the report a general help for planning a demolition was shaped. Today in the demolition industry the most common and effective way to demolish a building is to do it selective and that means, taking the building down part by part depending on the grade of separation. The recommendation for the demolition of house J is to do it selective. “Thinking” about the demolition in the building phase of a house helps to reduce the environmental effects of the demolition and makes it easier to carry out. Planning a building should be done in a long term perspective to make it easier to cope with activity changes, rebuilding and complementary building. When a building is due for demolition it’s important to know everything about the construction of the building and it’s materials to make a good demolition plan both economic and environmental.

In this thesis, an environmentally sound and human scale set of design principles, which values ideas like environmental friendliness, human comfort and locality, is formulated, examined and justified. These principles are inspired by experiences in Latin America and South Asia and their universal significance is illustrated through case studies from several countries around the world.In the design project, these principles are applied in a local setting, in this case a residential hall on the Ball State University campus in Muncie, Indiana. The design embraces a ‘green’ approach to campus facility renovation as part of the holistic movement to make the campus more sustainable.The design focus will be on the reuse and revitalization of materials thrown away on campus. Projects in which economic limitations enhance this specific creativity serve as role models. Through the reuse of material, the renovation process of campus facilities can be linked to the recycling program and the curriculum of the university. / Department of Architecture

Today because of changes in the zoning plans, structural problems, building obsolescence and owner&rsquo / s wishes, old buildings are being demolished to erect newer, larger and taller ones. The objective of this study was to investigate the process and feasibility of building deconstruction. A literature survey was conducted on two unpublished theses at Middle East Technical University (METU), and publications available on web sites and international conference proceedings. Case studies were conducted on building deconstruction and demolition processes, and recovery of used building materials (UBMs) in Ankara. Information related to these issues was obtained through informal interviews with demolition contractors, demolition teams, merchants of UBMs and building contractors. Information regarding the official procedure of demolition was gathered from &Ccedil / ankaya and Yenimahalle Municipalities. This study confirmed that recovery and reuse of UBMs is a continual practice in Ankara. In the light of case studies and interviews, it was possible to determine the problems in building deconstruction, such as building systems, materials, components and connections that give rise to difficulties during the deconstruction of buildings. It was also observed that UBMs are being reused either as it is or after modifications, and waste timber components are sold for fuel, while only metals are recycled to be used in new production. On the other hand, reinforced concrete components such as slabs, columns and beams can neither be reused nor recycled, and thus they are wasted. The findings of the investigation indicated that building deconstruction practices were found to be feasible and profitable job. The success of building deconstruction is dependent on type of tools used, sufficient time, and worker ability and experience, whereas the feasibility of deconstruction depends on the quality, quantity, type and condition of materials, components and connections used in a building.

Le développement et la protection des aires paysagères ne sont pas faciles à atteindre, surtout dans les aires habitées. C'est le cas de l'Aire Paysagère de Wulingyuan (Hunan, Chine). Après être entrée dans une phase de plein essor, elle reste confrontée à un déséquilibre entre ces deux objectifs primordiaux. Face au problème de l'urbanisation incontrôlée, les autorités locales ont mis en œuvre une politique de protection principalement fondée sur la démolition. Cette politique de protection est-t-elle pertinente? Quels en sont les impacts sociaux, économiques, culturels et environnementaux ? Notre étude de terrain et ses analyses tentent d'apporter des réponses à ces questions et de proposer des solutions. / Developing and protecting landscapes are not easy objectives to achieve, particularly in residential areas. This is the case of Wulingyuan (Hunan, China). After entering a period of significant growth, the area is still confronted with an imbalance, between these two essential objectives. Facing the problem of out-of-control urbanization, the local authorities have adopted policy of protection, principally based on demolition. What will be the social, economic, cultural and environmental impacts? Our field study and analysis will attempt to answer these questions, and propose some solutions.

A questão ambiental é um tema muito discutido e pesquisado atualmente. Isto advém da constatação que os recursos naturais não são ilimitados e que o meio ambiente não tem a capacidade de absorver a quantidade atual de resíduos sem que haja um desequilíbrio ambiental. Neste contexto insere-se a indústria da construção civil, que apresenta importantes impactos ambientais em todas as etapas do seu processo produtivo, sendo um destes a geração de resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) em centros urbanos, que resulta em efeitos deteriorantes do ambiente local onde estes são dispostos e, em virtude do seu desperdício, aumenta a extração de materiais minerais. Um dos meios de reduzir-se a quantidade de RCD disposto no meio ambiente e a extração de materiais minerais é a reciclagem do RCD e sua utilização na própria indústria que o gerou.Neste sentido, os blocos de concreto para pavimentação surgem como uma alternativa de pesquisa, já que estes têm ganhado espaço como solução para a pavimentação de áreas urbanas. Isto se deve ao aumento dos esforços de empresas e entidades representativas do setor em incentivar sua utilização e às vantagens técnicas inerentes ao sistema, como o fácil assentamento, a rápida liberação para o tráfego, a redução de iluminação pública e a permissão de acesso à rede subterrânea apenas com a retirada dos blocos, que podem ser recolocados após intervenção. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho estudou a utilização do RCD, proveniente de Porto Alegre – RS, como agregado miúdo reciclado em substituição ao agregado miúdo natural em blocos de concreto para pavimentação. Foi utilizado o intervalo de teores entre 0 % e 100%, com o objetivo de investigar-se um espectro grande de possibilidades de utilização do agregado miúdo reciclado de RCD, sendo que os ensaios escolhidos (resistência à compressão, resistência à abrasão e absorção de água) tiveram o intuito de dar subsídios ao entendimento do comportamento dos blocos produzidos perante as substituições. Após a realização dos ensaios, verificou-se que para o teor de 25% de substituição o material reciclado é passível de utilização, sendo que para os outros teores os resultados foram insatisfatórios. / Environmental issues are in the public eye and are the focus of extensive research nowadays as it becomes clear that natural resources are limited and that the large amounts of waste generated today will necessarily result in environmental imbalances. A considerable share of this waste is generated by the construction industry, whose activities hold a potential environmental impact throughout the stages of their production processes. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste generated in cities often produces detrimental effects in the sites where debris is dumped, a problem which is compounded by the fact that this waste could be used as a substitute for fresh materials that have to be extracted from mines, another activity with considerable environmental impact. A possible way to reduce the amount of C&D waste dumped in the environment and also the need for fresh mineral resources is the recycling of C&D waste by the same industry that generated it. Research on the use of concrete block paving provides an interesting alternative as this material has become more widely used in pavements of urban areas as a result of the efforts of construction companies and associations, which now endeavor to promote the use of concrete blocks. These have intrinsic technical advantages, such as their fast placement, the fast release of paved areas to traffic, the reduced need for street lighting and the ease of access to underground networks because blocks can be quickly opened up and reinstated. The present study investigated the use of C&D waste produced in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil as a recycled substitute for conventional fine aggregate in concrete block paving. C&D waste was used as fine aggregate in concentrations ranging from 0% to 100% to provide a detailed picture of the possibilities of using recycled C&D waste as fine aggregate. The tests selected (compressive strength, abrasion resistance, water absorption) were used to provide information on the behavior of the blocks produced using different concentrations of C&D waste. These tests show that a concentration of 25% of recycled material as a substitution can be used with satisfactory results while all other concentrations yielded unsatisfactory results.

A indústria da construção é uma das maiores geradora de resíduos e consumidoras de recursos naturais. A importância de se pesquisar estratégias (tais como reciclagem e reuso) de forma a re-integrar materiais e componentes na cadeia produtiva é apresentada na literatura. A adoção dessas estratégias permite a criação de um modelo de produção fechado ou cíclico, que é fundamental para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Assim, o objetivo principal desse trabalho é propor diretrizes para ampliação do reuso de componentes de edificações. O objetivo secundário é identificar os principais fatores que podem restringir ou favorecer o processo de reuso. A estratégia de pesquisa empregada é um estudo de caso incorporado. A unidade de análise principal é a cadeia de suprimentos de demolição de edificações de Porto Alegre, enquanto que a unidade de análise secundária é uma cadeia de suprimentos de empreendimentos. As principais fontes de evidência utilizadas são: observação direta e participante, entrevistas e análise documental e de artefato. O problema é investigado a partir de quatro perspectivas (técnica, econômica, legal e social), de forma a abordar a complexidade desse e compreender as interdependências entre os referidos fatores. Alguns pontos abordados, relativos ao aspecto técnico, referem-se à técnica construtiva e às relações hierárquicas das partes da edificação. Já, a abordagem da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos é utilizada para modelar o processo de reuso e compreender os fatores sociais, econômicos e legais. Ao final, é proposta uma séria de diretrizes, que variam em relação à natureza (técnica, econômica, legal e social), escala e facilidade de implementação, visando ampliar o reuso de componentes de edificações. / The construction industry is one of the major waste generators and consumers of natural resources. The importance of researching alternatives (such as recycling and reuse) to reenter building materials and components into the production chain are presented in the literature. The adoption of these alternatives enables the creation of a closed loop production model, which is crucial for sustainable development. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to propose guidelines to improve and ease building components reuse. The secondary goal is to identify the main factors which can constrain or improve components reuse process. The research strategy employed is an embedded case study. The main unit of analysis is the building demolition supply chain or demolition sector in the city of Porto Alegre, while the secondary unit of analysis is a project supply chain. The main sources of evidences used are: direct and participatory observation, interviews and artifact and documental analysis. The problem is investigated through four main perspectives (technical, economical, legal and social) in order to address its complexity and also to understand the interdependence between the factors. Some issues addressed, regarding the technical aspect are the building deconstruction potential, regarding its construction techniques and the parts hierarchical relation. The supply chain approach is used to model the building components reuse process and investigate the social, legal and economical factors. Finally, several guidelines are proposed, which vary in nature (technical, social, economical and legal), scale and ease of implementation.

SOUZA, Helania Martins de. O “novo bairro” Jóquei Clube: marcas traços e resistências do Jockey Club cearense. 2015. 140 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em geografia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-10T17:43:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_hmsouza.pdf: 9203583 bytes, checksum: 004bdf682f9c734a45d2b3107ae614a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-06-10T17:53:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_hmsouza.pdf: 9203583 bytes, checksum: 004bdf682f9c734a45d2b3107ae614a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T17:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_hmsouza.pdf: 9203583 bytes, checksum: 004bdf682f9c734a45d2b3107ae614a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The Jockey Club Cearense was an important leisure equipment for the city of Fortaleza, since its founding in 1947, the phase-out process until its deactivation and subsequent demolition that occurred in 2008. This research aims to understand what were the processes that led to the demolition of the equipment, checking if this equipment is considered an important asset to the city and the neighborhood. In our analysis we aim to recognize which subjects responsible for the design of the equipment, the dynamics occurring in the place, from its installation and after its demolition, and the interests and conflicts that culminated in its demolition. It is an integral part of this work, see how the Jockey Club Ceará while urban equipment had importance in relation to leisure and social symbolism for the neighborhood and the city of Fortaleza, and the spatial redevelopment of the neighborhood "new neighborhood" that arises within the neighborhood, after the demolition. To meet these checks used the trace of concepts, branding and marking, according to VERCHAMBRE (2008) that allow us to understand as a social equity, after undergoing the processes of abandonment and demolition could become a intangible heritage, this is one of the main questions to be answered. To understand the object its approach will be guide by a theoretical framework that allows the dialog among Geography and the dynamics passed in the neighborhood. This is a qualitative research that excels the experience and intentionality of the facts. To understand this, we executed a bibliographic and documental survey, field’s observations, interviews with locals and ancient users of Jockey Club Cearense and application of forms with users of new equipment. Jockey Club Cearense was a social property for the neighborhood of Jóquei Clube, nevertheless the social and cultural dynamics allowed its transformation within the place becoming immaterial trace. / O Jockey Club Cearense foi um importante equipamento de lazer para a cidade de Fortaleza, desde a sua fundação no ano de 1947, ao gradual processo de abandono até a sua desativação e consequente demolição que ocorreu em 2008. A presente pesquisa visa compreender quais foram os processos que propiciaram a demolição do equipamento, verificando se este era considerado como uma importante referência patrimonial para a cidade e para o bairro. Objetiva-se reconhecer quais os sujeitos responsáveis pela concepção do equipamento, as dinâmicas ocorridas no lugar a partir da sua instalação e após a sua demolição, bem como os interesses e conflitos que culminaram na sua demolição. É parte integrante deste trabalho, perceber como o Jockey Club Cearense enquanto equipamento urbano possuía importância no tocante ao lazer e ao simbolismo social à cidade de Fortaleza, bem como a requalificação espacial do bairro o “novo bairro” que surge dentro do bairro, após a demolição. Para atender a estas verificações, utilizamos os conceitos de traço, marca e marcação, de acordo com VESCHAMBRE (2008), que permitem compreender como um patrimônio social, após sofrer os processos de abandono e demolição poderá se tornar um patrimônio imaterial. Este é um dos principais questionamentos a ser respondido. Para a compreensão do objeto, sua aproximação será norteada por um aporte teórico que permite o diálogo entre a geografia e as dinâmicas ocorridas no lugar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que prima pela experiência e intencionalidade dos fatos. Para apreendermos isso, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico e documental, observações em campo, entrevistas com moradores e antigos usuários do Jockey Club Cearense e aplicação de questionários com os usuários dos novos equipamentos. O Jockey Club Cearense foi patrimônio social para o bairro Jóquei Clube, porém as dinâmicas sociais e culturais permitiram sua transformação dentro do lugar tornando-se um traço imaterial.

This work analysed some mechanical and durability properties of the concrete produced with fine and coarse aggregates obtained from the recycling of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) in order to evaluate the possibility to use this composite in structures. A special attention was given to the degree of porosity/strength of the coarse recycled aggregate assuming its specific gravity as one of the parameters of the study. Construction and demolition wastes were gathered from illegal deposition areas inside Maceió and were comminuted in laboratory; the grains obtained were divided into fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. One part of the coarse aggregate was mixed in with recycled concrete aggregate in order to produce a new aggregate which was less porous/stronger than the first one the amount of aggregates to be mixed were determined through a rule of mixture for the specific gravity. Concretes were produced in laboratory combining three water-cement ratio with each coarse recycled aggregate and fine recycled aggregate or river sand; reference concretes were produced with natural aggregates too. The properties of the recycled concretes were also investigated by means of a factorial design. In general, the use of coarse recycled aggregate combined with fine coarse aggregate was not good, but the less porous the coarse recycled aggregate (or the higher the specific gravity), the better the concrete properties were. Some recycled aggregate concretes reached strength values bigger than the reference concrete. Results showed that recycled concretes can be used in structures, but with some restrictions. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O trabalho analisou algumas das propriedades mecânicas e de durabilidade do concreto produzido com agregados miúdos e graúdos de RCD reciclado no intuito de avaliar a possibilidade de uso do compósito em estruturas. Uma atenção especial foi dada ao nível de porosidade/resistência do agregado graúdo reciclado. Para isso, tomouse como um dos parâmetros do estudo a sua massa específica. Os resíduos de construção e demolição foram coletados em áreas de deposição ilegal dentro da cidade de Maceió e foram cominuídos em laboratório, sendo o material granular obtido separado em duas frações: agregado miúdo e agregado graúdo. Uma parte do agregado graúdo foi misturada com agregado graúdo de concreto reciclado de forma a produzir um novo agregado reciclado menos poroso/mais resistente as quantidades dos dois agregados a serem misturadas foram determinadas com o auxílio de uma regra de mistura para a massa específica. Traços foram produzidos em laboratório com três níveis de relação a/c combinando-se cada agregado graúdo reciclado com o agregado miúdo reciclado ou com uma areia natural. Ao mesmo tempo, concretos de referência foram produzidos com agregados naturais. As propriedades dos concretos reciclados foram analisadas também por meio de um experimento fatorial. Em termos gerais, o uso combinado de agregado graúdo reciclado com agregado miúdo reciclado não foi vantajoso, mas as propriedades dos concretos foram tanto melhores quanto menor foi a porosidade (ou, maior a massa específica) dos agregados graúdos reciclados. Alguns concretos reciclados chegaram a apresentar resistências mecânicas maiores que as de seus respectivos concretos de referência. Os resultados encontrados permitem afirmar que concretos reciclados podem ser usados em estruturas, mas com restrições.