Esta dissertação trata da análise da política educacional do Estado de São Paulo (2008), dos processos que concretizam o currículo único, como este se relaciona com a prática do professor e com o ensino da Geografia. Considerando as pesquisas em currículo, deseja contribuir para uma leitura de currículo enquanto ação política para legitimar uma visão de sociedade e valores hegemônicos através dos processos educativos. Assim sendo, juntamente com a pesquisa bibliográfica, que nos possibilita uma maior compreensão do tema, buscou-se uma articulação entre a metodologia da análise documental e das técnicas qualitativas com as concepções de Pierre Bourdieu, sobretudo, às relacionadas aos mecanismos de produção, reprodução e conservação social. Da metodologia empregada, pôde-se constatar que o objetivo da política educacional é a de consolidar o currículo único. Por sua vez, através das formulações de Bourdieu, dos questionários aplicados em dez escolas da Diretoria de Ensino Sul 3 e das entrevistas realizadas com quatro professores de Geografia, verificou-se que o currículo único impõe uma sequência de conteúdos e uma forma igual de ensino com o objetivo de desenvolver uma cultura de aprendizagem comum a todos os alunos, evidenciando assim, o refinamento dos mecanismos de controle do Estado sobre as atividades docentes, obscurecendo a presença dos agentes escolares na participação dessas políticas. Dessa forma, averiguou-se que tamanho empenho resulta numa desqualificação do ensino e na desprofissionalização do professor, gerenciando um processo de reprodução das classes sociais baseado numa ideia específica de cidadão que se deseja formar. / This dissertation deals with the analysis of educational policy of the State of São Paulo (2008), the processes that embody the unique curriculum as it relates to the practice of the teacher and the teaching of geography. Considering the research on curriculum, would contribute to a reading curriculum while political action to legitimize a view of society and hegemonic values through educational processes. Thus, together with the literature search, which allows us a greater understanding of the issue, we sought a link between the methodology of documentary analysis and qualitative techniques with the ideas of Pierre Bourdieu, especially those related to the mechanisms of production, reproduction social and conservation. The methodology used, it was noted that the goal of educational policy is to consolidate the single curriculum. In turn, through the formulation of Bourdieu, the questionnaires in ten schools in three South Board of Education and the interviews with four teachers of geography, it was found that the curriculum imposes a single sequence of content and teaching equally with the objective of developing a learning culture common to all students, thus evidencing the refinement of the mechanisms of state control over the teaching activities, obscuring the presence of agents participating in these school policies. Thus, it was found that commitment size results in disqualification of the deprofessionalization of teaching and teacher, managing a process of reproduction of social classes based on a specific idea of citizen who wishes to graduate.

The public sector is today based on the reform, New Public Management, which was created to increase quality. The reform has forced the possibility of measurability in the public occupation. Measurability has also created marketing competition, which has also resulted in the emergence of privatization in the public sector. This market competition has resulted in a change in the professional role of preschool teachers that has become more market oriented. The operations work is aimed at a customer satisfaction oriented purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether New Public Management hasaffected the employment situation in both municipal and independent preschool activities. The study was conducted with the help of semi-structured interviews. The conclusion of this study is that deprofessionalization in the profession has not been experienced, one experiences a commonality indecision-making about goals. The administrative part is of great importance for the activities and the children; however, the staff is affected by lack of time to be able to complete the administration. In addition to this, a lack of staff is a negativity for achieving a good working environment for bothchildren and staff. The study also shows a desire for a more suitable balance between resources andwork activities. / Den offentliga sektorn finner sig idag inom reformen, New Public Management, som skapats för att öka kvalitet. Reformen har framtvingat mätbarhet hos de offentliga verksamheterna. Mätbarheten har vidareskapat en marknadskonkurrens, vilket också resulterat i uppkomsten utav privatisering inom de offentliga verksamheterna. Denna marknadskonkurrens har omvandlat förskolelärarnas yrkesroll till ett allt mer marknadsfokuserat yrke. Där ändamålet för verksamheterna styrs av kundnöjdhet. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida New Public Management har påverkat arbetssituationen i både kommunala- och fristående förskoleverksamheter. Studien har genomförts med hjälp utav semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att en deprofessionalitet i yrket inte har upplevts, man upplever en gemensamhet i beslutsfattning om mål. Den administrativa delen anses varaav stor vikt för verksamheterna och barnen, däremot påverkas personalen av tidsbrist för att kunna fullfölja administrationen. Utöver detta utgör brist på personal en negativitet för att uppnå en bra arbetsmiljö för både barn och personal. I studien framgår vidare en önskan om en mer lämplig balans mellan resurser och arbetssysslor.

The key approach of this thesis is to define closer discourse and importance of civic engagement in the media from the point of view of journalistic practice. This study examines trends of citizen journalism and community media that support active citizen participation and contribute to diversity of media content. The vision of traditional journalism disruption and enforcement of news agenda focusing on public interest became the key message of alternative media. The first two chapters concentrate on the origins of public interest involvement in the history of media discourse. They also highlight the alternative journalism characteristics, its current typology and the role of citizens supporting the concept of media democratization. They also specify the character of transformation of on-line professional journalism and its relationship to user-generated content in journalistic practices. Further four chapters determine specific demonstrations of citizen engagement in public media space and its concepts - public journalism, citizen journalism and community media. These chapters refer to characteristic of these phenonenons, they evaluate their contribution to the public life, concrete performance and practical applications abroad and in the Czech Republic. They also mention the key critical...

Dans le contexte de la société néolibérale, l’entreprise bancaire est devenue « bancassurance », a rapproché ses activités d’investissement et de banque de détail, et a fortement accentué ses stratégies commerciales. Dans le même temps, et comme dans toutes les entreprises, les conditions d’exercice d’une activité salariée au sein d’un Etablissement de Crédit ont évoluées : de la demande de qualification à l’exigence actuelle de compétences. Le concept d’employabilité s’est imposé depuis le début des années 2000 ; la loi et le marché ont « bousculé » la formation professionnelle. L’objectif de cette recherche est de mener, dans ce contexte, une « investigation » sur la construction, l’évolution et la reconnaissance profes-sionnelle des salariés « délégataires bancaires » et sur les incidences sur leur identité profes-sionnelle. La thèse interroge les situations, individuelles et collectives, des acteurs observés, concernant leur métier, leurs compétences et leur employabilité, ainsi que leur formation pro-fessionnelle. Est mis en exergue le fait que les « délégataires bancaires » manifestent des formes de résistance à la déprofessionnalisation, cherchent à maintenir, ou à retrouver, une « identité de métier » ; ils ont également la volonté de rester employables, de « garder l’emploi et retrouver le métier ». La « sécurisation de l’employabilité » en même temps que le « renouvellement identitaire » dépend à la fois de la capacité de chacun à mener une « entre-prise de Soi » pour se préserver d’une « idéologie de la mobilisation infinie » et de la capacité des entreprises à mettre en œuvre une formation professionnelle qualifiante. Le cadre théo-rique se rattache aux orientations actuelles de la sociologie de l’entreprise tenant compte de l’interdépendance entre société et entreprise, mais aussi des « logiques d'action » des salariés pouvant aller jusqu’à « l’impératif de gestion de sa propre personne ». Par ailleurs, il est ac-cordé un fort intérêt à la gestion des Ressources Humaines à travers « le besoin » de métier et d’identité professionnelle. Les constats présentés sont issus d’une étude empirique menée auprès d’un panel de dix Etablissements de crédit en articulant divers moyens de recueil de données : Observation directe, « Observation Participante Interne », questionnaires et entre-tiens, consultation de la documentation d’entreprise, de la documentation syndicale et de la presse. / In free market society, bank business is become « bank insurance », has linked investment activities and retail banking and has strongly increased its business strategies. In the same time, and like in every firm, working conditions of the employees in banks have changed. Outstanding skills are required. The concept of employability has appeared from the beginning of 2000. Law and market has upset professional training. The aim of its research is to achieve an “investigation” about change, professional gratitude of employees and the effects on their professional identity. Thesis questions: Individual and collective situations of employees concerning their trade, their skills and their employability as well as their professional training. “The bank executives” resist to deprofessionalization. They are trying to find back a trade identity.They has the will to remain able to be employed, to keep the job and find back the trade. Employees must have a strategy of professional life for preserving themselves against “the ideology of infinite mobilization.” This thesis deals with: Today trends of sociology of firms and more particularly employees behavior considering the strong link between society and firm .Too, it deals with the employees who have “the necessity to manage themselves”. Besides, the thesis deals with the interest of human resources management through the “need” of trade and professional identity. The results of this investigation are issued from a study from 10 banks, using varied means to gather data like: direct observation, questionnaires and interviews, study of firm documents, study of union documents and press.