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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Descartes: racionalidad sin tradición

Rivera, Víctor Samuel 10 April 2018 (has links)
-0
52

A History of human physiology and 17th c. philosophy: Descartes, Spinoza, and the current state of neuroscience

January 2020 (has links)
archives@tulane.edu / In the early 1630s, René Descartes developed a speculative treatise on the functional structures of the human body and brain. His work, The Treatise on Man, constituted the first attempt at a complete human physiology, inspiring a generation of scientists and physicians who developed Descartes’ speculations into a genuine field of scientific inquiry. It is the intent of this discussion to determine how Descartes’ speculations in human physiology influenced the direction of 17th c. European philosophy. The above question is often dismissed by scholars who argue that Descartes abandons scientific pursuits for philosophy, finding that science could not provide the kind of knowledge Descartes craved. In contrast, I argue that the themes that emerge in the Treatise are continually developed by Descartes throughout his philosophic career. This is evident in Meditations on First Philosophy, where Descartes demonstrates a preoccupation with (1) the possible resemblance between sensory ideas and their objects and (2) the independence of our nature as a thinking thing from our nature as a corporeal body, topics of great importance in the Treatise. Descartes’ contemporaries, specifically Spinoza, were influenced by these scientific speculations. In the Ethics, Spinoza identifies Descartes’ account of human nature as the specific view he intends to critique and replace with a novel account of human nature, i.e. the conatus doctrine. While ultimately in disagreement with Descartes, Spinoza freely turns to human physiology to both attack Descartes’ views and construct his own account of human nature. Thus, far from rejecting the place of the human sciences in philosophy, Spinoza embraces it. Finally, as a means of demonstrating the philosophic value of Descartes and Spinoza’s engagement with human physiology, I employ their metaphysical insights in a critique of contemporary scientific research. Specifically, I will evaluate neuroscientific studies on the phantom limb, arguing that, in their explanations, researchers tend to unreflectively employ the metaphysical assumption that neural structures work to support an accurate representation of the body to the subject. While this view may ultimately prove correct, it blinds researchers to alternative explanations / 1 / Daniel J DeFranco
53

The Reasonable Score

Brown, Stephen W. 13 July 2009 (has links)
No description available.
54

Cartesian optics : a test case for the partial interpretationist's account of models /

Minogue, Brendan Patrick January 1974 (has links)
No description available.
55

René Descartes' Philosophie der Freiheit: Ad imaginem et similitudinem Dei : philosophische Prolegomena zu einer Theorie der religiösen Inspiration /

Müller, Sascha. January 2007 (has links)
Zugl.: München, Hochsch. für Philosophie, Diss., 2007.
56

Ideia, imagem e representação: Leibniz crítico de Descartes e de Locke / Idea, Image and Representation: Leibniz, a critic of Descartes and Locke

Kontic, Sacha Zilber 12 December 2014 (has links)
A presente dissertação busca analisar como a concepção de representação é desenvolvida na filosofia de Leibniz tendo como pano de fundo a crítica que o filósofo faz ao modo como Descartes e Locke compreendem o conceito. Tomaremos como ponto de partida a crítica que Leibniz formula ao conceito de ideia tal como ele se encontra em Descartes, e a reformulação do conceito que ele opera a partir da compreensão da ideia como um gênero expressão. A partir dela, podemos compreender em que sentido Leibniz se vale do paradigma imagético da ideia em um sentido completamente diverso de Descartes. Ademais, ele nos permitirá compreender como, aos olhos de Leibniz, as noções de representação em Descartes e Locke se aproximam, por mais que suas concepções sobre a origem das ideias sejam opostas. Pretendemos com isso mostrar que, apesar da doutrina leibniziana da representação estar implicada em seu sistema, ela é profundamente marcada pela oposição ao cartesianismo e ao empirismo de Locke. / The following thesis aims to study how the concept of representation is developed in the philosophy of Leibniz having as a background the philosophers critic of the way Descartes and Locke understand the concept. We will take as our starting point the critique that Leibniz formulates the concept of idea as it is in Descartes, and the reformulation of this concept understanding the idea as a genre of expression. From this, we can understandin what sense Leibniz make use of the imagetic paradigm to understand the representative content of the idea in a completely diferente sense as Descartes. Furthermore, it will allow us to understand how, in Leibniz point of view, the concept of representation in Descartes and Locke are similar, albeit the description of its origins differ completely in both philosophers. We intend to show that despite the fact that Leibnizian doctrine of representation is implicated in his system, this doctrine is deeply marked by the opposition to cartesianism and Lockes empiricism.
57

A questão das substâncias corporais em Leibniz / Question of substances bodies in Leibniz

Sparvoli, Wilson Alves 09 August 2010 (has links)
Nosso objetivo principal foi esclarecer o papel e o estatuto ontológico dos corpos dos seres vivos no leibnizianismo. Para tanto, partimos da ontologia cartesiana que transforma os corpos em substâncias cuja essência é a extensão entendida geometricamente. Depois disso, analisamos as críticas que Leibniz fez a esta ontologia, bem como a nova ontologia de forças e mônadas que usa para superar todas as limitações e erros do cartesianismo. Enfim, terminamos considerando que, devido a todas as críticas realizadas contra a extensão cartesiana, não existe, como sustentam alguns comentadores, uma noção de substância corporal que reabilite a materialidade ou a extensão; na verdade, a substância corporal leibniziana tem que ser entendida segundo uma ontologia idealista. Nesse percurso, também pudemos constatar alguns dos desdobramentos científicos que a nova ontologia leibniziana acarretava, como, por exemplo, o surgimento de uma física dinâmica e a tese da pré-formação dos seres vivos no âmbito da fisiologia. / Our main goal was to elucidate the role and ontological status of bodies of living beings in Leibnizianism. To do this, we start from Cartesian ontology which transforms bodies in substances whose essence is the extension comprehended geometrically. Then, we analyze the critics made by Leibniz to this ontology as well as the new ontology of forces and monads that he uses to surpass all the limitations and errors of Cartesianism. Ultimately, we finish with the consideration that, due to all critics made against the Cartesian extension, there is no, as some commentators sustains, notion of corporeal substance which rehabilitates the materiality or extension; actually, the leibnizian corporeal substance has to be understood according to an idealistic ontology. Along the way, we could also perceive some of the scientific developments which the new Leibnizian ontology brought about, as, for example, the appearing of a dynamic physics and the thesis of pre-formation of living beings in the field of physiology.
58

Sobre a elaboração de uma ciência das paixões em Descartes, Hobbes e Espinosa / On the development of a science of the passions in Descartes, Hobbes and Spinoza

Jesus, Paula Bettani Mendes de 21 July 2015 (has links)
A presente dissertação tem dois objetivos que se entrecruzam. De um lado pretendemos analisar a maneira pela qual as paixões humanas foram compreendidas por Descartes, Hobbes e Espinosa. Pois em oposição a tradicional concepção segundo a qual a dimensão afetiva do homem, isto é, suas paixões são vícios e distúrbios da natureza, portanto, opostas à razão e à virtude, os três filósofos defendem o seu caráter natural. Em outras palavras, as paixões são intrínsecas ao homem, têm causas necessárias e determinadas, e não podem ser suprimidas de sua natureza, pois fazem parte da sua condição de ser no mundo. No entanto, pela força que exercem sobre o homem e suas ações devem ser conhecidas. A partir desse primeiro objetivo, e de maneira concomitante, pretendemos demarcar a singularidade do pensamento de Espinosa com relação ao de Descartes e Hobbes, pois se é certo que, como eles, Espinosa defende a naturalidade das paixões, é certo, na mesma medida, que assume um pensamento bastante singular, sobretudo ao operar com os conceitos de ação e paixão para explicar a relação que há entre mente e corpo: estes são ativos ou passivos juntos, o corpo não atua contra a mente, nem a mente contra o corpo. Isso evidencia sua ruptura não apenas com a tradição, mas também com seus contemporâneos. / The thesis hereafter aims to fulfill two interweaving goals. On the one hand, we pretend to analyze the way in which human passions were understood by Descartes, Hobbes, and Spinoza. As opposed to the traditional idea of mens affective dimension (i.e. their passions as vices and disturbances affecting nature, therefore opposed to reason and virtue), the three philosophers defend their natural characteristics, that is to say, that passions are intrinsic to men, have necessary and determined causes, and cant be stripped of its very nature, for they are part of their being within this world. However, given the force they exert upon men and their actions, they must be studied and known in order to be tempered. On the other hand, concomitantly, and guiding ourselves by the first goal, we pretend to pursue a second objective, which consists of highlighting the distinctiveness of Spinozas thinking in relation to Descartes and Hobbes. Whereas it is true that, as they also do, Spinoza advocates for the naturalness of passions, it is also true that he takes on a rather singular thinking, especially when dealing with action and passion concepts to explain mind-body relationships: these are either both active or passive, neither the body goes against the mind, nor vice-versa. This shows his rupture with tradition as well as with his contemporary fellows.
59

Towards Hilaritas a study of the mind-body union, the passions and the mastery of the passions in Descartes and Spinoza /

Koivuniemi, Minna. January 1900 (has links)
Texte remanié de : Thèse (doctorat) : Philosophie : Uppsala universitet : 2008. / Bibliographie (p. 259-265).
60

A influência da matemática nas regras para a direção do espírito e em o discurso do método

Vaz, Duelci Aparecido de Freitas [UNESP] 29 May 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vaz_daf_dr_rcla.pdf: 1160288 bytes, checksum: 7ad633a9e9b21027758bea59d9b315f0 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer a relação entre a Matemática e Filosofia nas Regras para a Direção do Espírito e em O Discurso sobre o Método. Para tanto, procuramos estabelecer a educação matemática que Descartes recebeu na escola jesuíta La Flèche e depois as influências externas de seus contatos com homens como Isaack Beeckman. Depois de seu encontro com Beeckman, Descartes engajou-se no projeto de construir uma ciência completamente nova. Desse modo, reconstruímos a trajetória seguida inicialmente por Descartes, avaliando a sua produção científica em trabalhos como Cogitationes Privatae, De Solidorum Elementis, Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii, onde podemos detectar o envolvimento de Descartes com questões científicas que serão coligidas na sua principal obra O Discurso do Método. Nesses três trabalhos colocamos em evidência a produção matemática cartesiana e nas Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii apresentamos um estudo, revelando que Descartes foi um seguidor do método de análise e síntese dos antigos geômetras gregos. Finalmente, apresentamos um estudo sobre a principal obra cartesiana, O Discurso do Método, com seus três ensaios: A Dióptrica, Os Meteoros, A Geometria. Nessa obra, Descartes define, oficialmente, a sua concepção metodológica, aplicando-a nos ensaios. O método é utilizado para resolver diversos problemas. Destacamos o caso do arco-íris em Os Meteoros. Em A Geometria, Descartes mostra a eficiência das suas mudanças conceituais, onde, reunindo sua proposta metodológica com um moderno simbolismo, rompe com velhos paradigmas, introduzindo... / The aim of this work is to establish the relationship between mathematics and philosophy in the Rules for the Direction of the Mind and Discourse on Method. For it, we ii try to establish the mathematical education that Descartes received in the Jesuit school La Flèche and later the external influences of his relationship with men as Isaack Beeckman. After his meeting with Beeckman, Descartes engaged completely in the project of building a new science. In this way, we reconstruct the path initially stepped by Descartes, evaluating his scientific production in works as Cogitationes Privatae, De Solidorum Elementis, Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii, where we can detect the involvement of Descartes with scientific subjects that will appear in his main work The Discourse on Method. In those three we put in evidence the Cartesian mathematical production and in the Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii we presented a study revealing that Descartes was a follower of the method analysis and synthesis of the ancient Greek geometers. Finally, we present a study of the main Cartesian work, Discourse on Method, with their three essays: Dioptrics, Meteors, Geometry. In this work, Descartes defines, officially, his methodological conception, applying it in the essays. The method is used to solve several problems. We detached the case of the rainbow in the Meteors. In the Geometry, Descartes shows the efficiency of his conceptual changes, and combining his methodological proposal with a modern symbolism gets rid of the old paradigms, introducing the geometric analysis and giving important contribution for the development the mathematics.

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