This dissertation places Wittgenstein and Nietzsche alongside one another in an attempt to deal with the question: "what is the role of the philosophy?" On the one hand Wittgenstein promotes a descriptive approach to philosophy, which insists that the philosopher should not meddle with practices but rather seek clarity and understanding as ends in themselves. On the other hand Nietzsche promotes a destructive and creative approach to philosophy, where the philosopher both dismantles values and offers a revaluation of values in their place. This work begins with a survey of remarks by the two philosophers and prominent interpretations of them on how best to conceive of and understand the philosopher and philosophy. In addition, the recent view of Nietzsche as a naturalist is responded to at length. If Nietzsche turns out to be offering substantive, naturalistic positions on human morality, the origins of religion, and so on, then he cannot be advocating a creative, spontaneous orientation towards perspectives. This work argues that while Nietzsche offers naturalized accounts of human practices, he does not mean these to be considered scientific hypothesis. After responding to this position, Nietzsche and Wittgenstein are looked at together, and what emerges is a shared goal: the creating and/or revealing of missed possibilities of human life. These existential possibilities are on the one hand always right in front of us, and yet they are seemingly out of reach and all too often passed over. Wittgenstein and Nietzsche, in their various ways, (re)open these possibilities. Finally, given this "hermeneutics of possibility," the final chapter argues that the way Wittgenstein and Nietzsche differ with respect to Christianity and religion is not primarily about their style of philosophy nor even about Wittgenstein's descriptive approach, but about the existential possibility that each has in mind to promote.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA FRANCO ROCHA.pdf: 740956 bytes, checksum: 3795dd553b65219e4bbc20a68b6973b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-28 / The research Culture and education of black children in Goiás (1871-1889) aimed at verifying the possibilities of the insertion of the black child in the school education, taking into consideration, the promulgation of the Law of the Free Womb, number 2,040 of 28th September, 1871. This thematic investigation raised the following question: the educational proposals that involved the black children, in Goiás, period of 1871-1889, were, in fact, accomplished or were they only in the legal plan, leaving these children on the side of the of the school processes? A possible answer for this problem demanded the understanding of the historical and cultural process where these children were inserted. The methodology used was the historic-anthropological, according to Geertz (1989). Such methodology directed an investigation focusing on the culture and the education of black children in Goiás, from 1871- 1889. The development of the concept of culture was studied, examining its epistemological origin in relation with civilization and kultur. There are no culture overlapping others, but cultures, and that, this cultural process cannot be apart from the education. This understanding allowed, in this research, the study of the influence of the black culture in the Brazilian culture and education. This research was aimed at verifying whether there was a possibility for the black child inclusion in the Brazilian education, once the Law of the Free Womb, which grants freedom for this child, gave, at least in theory, the chance of legal insertion of the black child in the school education. Apart from Geertz (1989), the contribution of other authors - Breton (1991); Martinez (1997); Laraia (2001); Freyre (2004) and Marin (2005) - was also important. This research verified by means of documents that, in the Province of Goiás, in the searched period, there were two educational institutions that offered education to these children: the Colônia Orfanológica Blasiana and the Companhia de Aprendizes Militares . It was also evidenced, that such education was aimed at the working class, focusing on the agricultural and military education. In practice, the right of the black child to the school education, opened possibilities for new acquisitions in the historical and cultural course held by the black people as important constituent of the Brazilian people and society. / A pesquisa Cultura e educação de crianças negras em Goiás (1871-1889) visou a verificar as possibilidades de inserção da criança negra na educação escolar, subsidiando-se, especialmente, na promulgação da Lei do Ventre Livre, nº 2.040, de 28 de setembro de 1871. A investigação dessa temática suscitou o seguinte problema: as propostas educacionais que envolveram as crianças negras, em Goiás, no período de 1871-1889, foram, de fato, efetivadas ou ficaram apenas no plano legal, deixando à margem dos processos escolares essas crianças? Uma possível resposta para esse problema exigiu a compreensão do processo histórico e cultural em que essas crianças estiveram inseridas. Optou-se pela abordagem históricoantropológica, conforme Geertz (1989). Por meio dessa abordagem, realizou-se uma interpretação que teve como foco a cultura e a educação de crianças negras, em Goiás, entre 1871-1889. Estudou-se a construção do conceito de cultura, examinando-se a origem epistemológica desse conceito na relação com civilisation e kultur. Entendeu-se, simultaneamente, que não existe uma cultura sobrepondo-se às demais, mas culturas, e que, esse processo cultural é indissociável da educação. Esse entendimento possibilitou, no caso desta pesquisa, o estudo da influência da cultura negra na cultura e educação brasileira. O que se pretendeu foi verificar se na educação escolar brasileira houve espaço para a inclusão da criança negra, uma vez que a Lei do Ventre Livre, concedendo liberdade a essa criança, propiciava, pelo menos em tese, a oportunidade legal de inserção da criança negra na educação escolar. Além de Geertz (1989), a contribuição de outros autores - Bretas (1991); Martinez (1997); Laraia (2001); Freyre (2004) e Marin (2005) - foi também importante. Esta pesquisa verificou por meio de documentos que, na Província de Goiás, no período pesquisado, existiram dois estabelecimentos de ensino que ofertaram educação a essas crianças: a Colônia Orfanológica Blasiana e a Companhia de Aprendizes Militares. Constatou-se, ainda, que a educação oferecida destinava-se à formação de mão-de-obra, uma vez que se assentou no ensino agrário e na formação militar, respectivamente. Na prática, a concretização do direito da criança negra à educação escolar, abriu espaço para novas conquistas na trajetória histórica e cultural percorrida pelos negros como componentes importantes da sociedade e do povo brasileiro.

This research is in the area of lexicography and investigates the relationship between Shona terminology development and the culture of the language community for which the terminology is intended. It is a contextual analysis of compound nouns found in Shona terminological dictionaries. The study specifically explores how lexicographers together with health, music, language and literature specialists make use of their knowledge about Shona cultural contexts in the creation of compound nouns. Thus, this research foregrounds Shona socio-cultural contexts and meaning generation in terminology development. This study employs a quadruple conceptual framework. The four components of the framework that are utilised are the Traditional Descriptive Approach (TDA), Cognitive Approach (CG), Systemic Functional Approach (SFL), and Semiotic Remediation (SRM). TDA is used in the linguistic categorisation of Shona compound nouns. In addition, it provides the metalanguage with which to describe the constituent parts of Shona compound nouns. As TDA is mainly confined to the linguistic dimension, this research employs CG, SFL, and SRM to explore the cultural and socio-cognitive dimensions of terminology development.

This research is in the area of lexicography and investigates the relationship between Shona terminology development and the culture of the language community for which the terminology is intended. It is a contextual analysis of compound nouns found in Shona terminological dictionaries. The study specifically explores how lexicographers together with health, music, language and literature specialists make use of their knowledge about Shona cultural contexts in the creation of compound nouns. Thus, this research foregrounds Shona socio-cultural contexts and meaning generation in terminology development. This study employs a quadruple conceptual framework. The four components of the framework that are utilised are the Traditional Descriptive Approach (TDA), Cognitive Approach (CG), Systemic Functional Approach (SFL), and Semiotic Remediation (SRM). TDA is used in the linguistic categorisation of Shona compound nouns. In addition, it provides the metalanguage with which to describe the constituent parts of Shona compound nouns. As TDA is mainly confined to the linguistic dimension, this research employs CG, SFL, and SRM to explore the cultural and socio-cognitive dimensions of terminology development.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This research is in the area of lexicography and investigates the relationship between Shona terminology development and the culture of the language community for which the terminology is intended. It is a contextual analysis of compound nouns found in Shona terminological dictionaries. The study specifically explores how lexicographers together with health, music, language and literature specialists make use of their knowledge about Shona cultural contexts in the creation of compound nouns. Thus, this research foregrounds Shona socio-cultural contexts and meaning generation in terminology development. This study employs a quadruple conceptual framework. The four components of the framework that are utilised are the Traditional Descriptive Approach (TDA), Cognitive Approach (CG), Systemic Functional Approach (SFL), and Semiotic Remediation (SRM). TDA is used in the linguistic categorisation of Shona compound nouns. In addition, it provides the metalanguage with which to describe the constituent parts of Shona compound nouns. As TDA is mainly confined to the linguistic dimension, this research employs CG, SFL, and SRM to explore the cultural and socio-cognitive dimensions of terminology development. / South Africa