Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-176).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2009. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1911. / "Reprinted from the Botanical gazette, Vol. LIV, No. 4, 1912." "Literature cited": p. 304-305. Also available on the Internet.

abstract: River and riparian areas are important foraging habitat for insectivorous bats. Numerous studies have shown that aquatic insects provide an important trophic resource to terrestrial consumers, including bats, and are key in regulating population size and species interactions in terrestrial food webs. Yet these studies have generally ignored how structural characteristics of the riverine landscape influence trophic resource availability or how terrestrial consumers respond to ensuing spatial and temporal patterns of trophic resources. Moreover, few studies have examined linkages between a stream's hydrologic regime and the timing and magnitude of aquatic insect availability. The main objective of my dissertation is to understand the causes of bat distributions in space and time. Specifically, I examine how trophic resource availability, structural components of riverine landscapes (channel confinement and riparian vegetation structure), and hydrologic regimes (flow permanence and timing of floods) mediate spatial and temporal patterns in bat activity. First, I show that river channel confinement determines bat activity along a river's longitudinal axis (directly above the river), while trophic resources appear to have stronger effects across a river's lateral (with distance from the river) axis. Second, I show that flow intermittency affects bat foraging activity indirectly via its effects on trophic resource availability. Seasonal river drying appears to have complex effects on bat foraging activity, initially causing imperfect tracking by consumers of localized concentrations of resources but later resulting in disappearance of both insects and bats after complete river drying. Third, I show that resource tracking by bats varies among streams with contrasting patterns of trophic resource availability and this variation appears to be in response to differences in the timing of aquatic insect emergence, duration and magnitude of emergence, and adult body size of emergent aquatic insects. Finally, I show that aquatic insects directly influence bat activity along a desert stream and that riparian vegetation composition affects bat activity, but only indirectly, via effects on aquatic insect availability. Overall, my results show river channel confinement, riparian vegetation structure, flow permanence, and the timing of floods influence spatial and temporal patterns in bat distributions; but these effects are indirect by influencing the ability of bats to track trophic resources in space and time. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Biology 2010

abstract: Like individual organisms, complex social groups are able to maintain predictable trajectories of growth, from initial colony foundation to mature reproductively capable units. They do so while simultaneously responding flexibly to variation in nutrient availability and intake. Leafcutter ant colonies function as tri-trophic systems, in which the ants harvest vegetation to grow a fungus that, in turn, serves as food for the colony. Fungal growth rates and colony worker production are interdependent, regulated by nutritional and behavioral feedbacks. Fungal growth and quality are directly affected by worker foraging decisions, while worker production is, in turn, dependent on the amount and condition of the fungus. In this dissertation, I first characterized the growth relationship between the workers and the fungus of the desert leafcutter ant Acromyrmex versicolor during early stages of colony development, from colony foundation by groups of queens through the beginnings of exponential growth. I found that this relationship undergoes a period of slow growth and instability when workers first emerge, and then becomes allometrically positive. I then evaluated how mass and element ratios of resources collected by the ants are translated into fungus and worker population growth, and refuse, finding that colony digestive efficiency is comparable to digestive efficiencies of other herbivorous insects and ruminants. To test how colonies behaviorally respond to perturbations of the fungus garden, I quantified activity levels and task performance of workers in colonies with either supplemented or diminished fungus gardens, and found that colonies adjusted activity and task allocation in response to the fungus garden size. Finally, to identify possible forms of nutrient limitation, I measured how colony performance was affected by changes in the relative amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and phosphorus available in the resources used to grow the fungus garden. From this experiment, I concluded that colony growth is primarily carbohydrate-limited. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Biology 2011

abstract: This study identifies the flora of the Eagletail Mountain Region, an area covering approximately 100,600 acres, located in west-central Arizona that includes the Eagletail Mountains, Granite Mountains, portions of the Harquahala Valley, and Cemetery Ridge near Clanton Well. The region is located about 129 km (80 mi) west of Phoenix and 24 km (15 mi) south of Interstate 10. Plants were collected over a six-year period, beginning September, 2004 and ending May, 2010, including two wet winters and two wet summers. A total of 702 collections were made covering 292 species that represented 63 families. Additional information on the region included in the thesis are: 1) an analysis of the climate, based on 20 years of rainfall records; 2) a description of the geology and its influence on plant distribution; 3) a prehistory and history identifying archeological sites; 4) an analysis of food plants used by the Native Americans that suggests how they were able to live in the region; 5)a paleo-botanical history based on an evaluation of pack-rat midden collections from mountain ranges around the region; 6) a comparison of the trees, shrubs, and perennials of the Eagletail Mountain Region with those of the Sierra Estrella and Kofa Mountains; and 7) a survey of non-native species. The habitats that the plants occupied based on climate and soils included were: 1) the bottoms and sides of sandy/ gravelly washes, 2) bajada slopes-volcanic soils, 3) bajada slopes-granitic sandy soils, 4) slot canyons/rock outcrops, 5) desert pavement, and 6) open valleys. Each habitat has its own characteristic species composition and distribution. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biology 2012

This dissertation takes an ethnographic perspective on competing global discourses and contested nationalisms in a postcolonial, multicultural nation. Using the Festival au Desert, in Mali, West Africa as a case study, I investigate the complexities of using cultural productions and tourism to achieve political, economic, and social goals. I critically assess several projects of Tuareg Intangible Cultural Heritage preservation to show the contested nature of collective identities. Neoliberal development in the Global South necessitates niche markets such as tourism centered on culture; however these markets are inherently unstable due to historic and contemporary global economic practices. The Festival au Desert was opened to the world just a few years after an armed rebellion between Tuareg separatists and the state of Mali was suppressed. On the first full moon of 2001, the Festival brought Malian musicians and citizens together in celebration. It became a symbol of peace and reconciliation between formally opposed groups, most notably southern sedentary populations and northern nomadic groups, such as the Tuareg. It also became an important factor in income generation in Mali, and it was a space where international tourists and their Tuareg hosts came into contact and shared dialogue. Tuareg hoped that through the Festival the world could know who they were outside of the rebellion. But in 2012, a renewed rebellion was staged and subsequently co-opted by supporters of Al-Qaeda who instituted Shari'a law in Timbuktu sending the Festival into exile, and Mali's growing tourist economy came to a devastating halt. The Festival provides a rich case study of the benefits and perils of tourism in multicultural states and in wider globalizing frames. It highlights the contradictions in using tourism as a development strategy, as prescribed by international institutions such as the United Nations World Tourism Organization, as it is a fragile enterprise subject to the whims of the market, environment, and global and local politics. However, the research also shows the importance of the Festival for Tuareg identity and how it provided a space for nomads to continue a tradition of gathering after seasonal migrations to negotiate marriages, discuss politics, and celebrate together.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:20:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:24:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000854407_20170724.pdf: 663761 bytes, checksum: 60eaa36c360bd21a72c549385424c3ff (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-07-24T11:34:16Z: 000854407_20170724.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-07-24T11:35:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000854407.pdf: 8174488 bytes, checksum: 9e24d2d63d9e50b4f003bc5a41502cda (MD5) / Os fungos são considerados fontes promissoras de compostos bioativos com potencial aplicação na indústria alimentícia, agricultura e medicina, e de fato, diversos medicamentos utilizados na saúde pública são originárias de fungos. Estes são encontrados em vários ecossistemas, entre os quais podemos citar os que vivem no interior das espécies vegetais. Estes micro-organismos são denominados de endófitos e tem se revelado uma fonte promissora de metabólitos bioativos. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho foi idealizado, objetivando a obtenção de substâncias potencialmente bioativas a partir do estudo químico e biológico dos extratos produzidos pelos fungos endofíticos Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea e Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum isolados de espécies vegetais do Cerrado e, o estudo epigenético de Phoma sp. isolado de espécie vegetal do Deserto de Sonora, utilizando no cultivo o modificador epigenético SAHA. Estes endófitos foram cultivados em escala reduzida em meios de cultivo líquidos e sólidos para obtenção dos extratos brutos, os quais foram submetidos a análises químicas (CCDC, HPLC e RMN de 1H) e biológicas (antifúngico, anticolinesterásico e citotóxico). Todos os extratos brutos apresentaram pelo menos uma atividade biológica, o que adicionado às análises químicas permitiram selecionar os meios de cultivo adequados para o crescimento em escala ampliada e, isolamento dos metabólitos secundários. Do cultivo de Camarops sp. no meio sólido de Milho isolou-se cinco substâncias, das quais quatro são inéditas 3-((1S,2S)-1,2-dihidroxibut-3-enil)-4-((E)-pent-1-enil)furan-2(5H)-ona (1), 3, 5, 9-trihidroxi presilfiperfolano (2), deacetilbotridial (3), ácido (E)-2,4-dimetilocta-2-enóico (4) e, ácido (E)-2,4-dimetilnon-2-enóico (5), os compostos 4 e 5 foram ativos na inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Do extrato, obtido do meio líquido de Malte, de... / Fungi are considered promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential application in the food, agriculture and medicine industry, and in fact, many drugs used in public health originate from fungi. These are found in various ecosystems, among which we can mention those who live inside the plant species. These microorganisms are called endophytes and have proved to be a promising source of bioactive metabolites. Within this context, this work was carried out, aiming to obtain potentially bioactive substances from chemical and biological study of extracts produced by the endophytic fungi Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea and Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum isolated from plant species of the Cerrado and epigenetic studies of Phoma sp. isolated from plant species of the Sonoran Desert using in cultivation the epigenetic modifier SAHA. These endophytes were grown on small scale in liquid culture media and solid to obtain the crude extract. These were subjected to chemical analysis (TLC, HPLC and 1H NMR) and biological (antifungal, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic). All crude extracts showed at least one biological activity, which added the chemical analysis allowed to select the culture medium of appropriate for growth in large scale and isolation of secondary metabolites. The growing of Camarops sp. in solid medium of corn were isolated five compounds of which four are new 3-((1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxybut-3-enyl)-4-((E)-pent-1-enyl)furan-2(5H)-one (1), 3, 5, 9-trihydroxy presilphiperfolane (2), deacetyl-botrydial (3), (E)-2, 4-dimetilocta-2-enoic acid (4), and (E)-2, 4-dimetilnon-2-enoic acid (5), compounds 4 and 5 were active in inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. From the extract obtained from the liquid medium Malt, of P. atropurpurea were isolated the compounds 4,5-diethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1,6]dioxecine-1,8-dione (6) and periconicina B (7). From the cultivation of P. stromaticum...

Orientador: Angela Regina Araujo / Banca: Ana Helena Januário / Banca: Luce Maria Brandão Torres / Banca: Geraldo Humberto Silva / Banca: Afonso Duarte Leão de Souza / Resumo: Os fungos são considerados fontes promissoras de compostos bioativos com potencial aplicação na indústria alimentícia, agricultura e medicina, e de fato, diversos medicamentos utilizados na saúde pública são originárias de fungos. Estes são encontrados em vários ecossistemas, entre os quais podemos citar os que vivem no interior das espécies vegetais. Estes micro-organismos são denominados de endófitos e tem se revelado uma fonte promissora de metabólitos bioativos. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho foi idealizado, objetivando a obtenção de substâncias potencialmente bioativas a partir do estudo químico e biológico dos extratos produzidos pelos fungos endofíticos Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea e Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum isolados de espécies vegetais do Cerrado e, o estudo epigenético de Phoma sp. isolado de espécie vegetal do Deserto de Sonora, utilizando no cultivo o modificador epigenético SAHA. Estes endófitos foram cultivados em escala reduzida em meios de cultivo líquidos e sólidos para obtenção dos extratos brutos, os quais foram submetidos a análises químicas (CCDC, HPLC e RMN de 1H) e biológicas (antifúngico, anticolinesterásico e citotóxico). Todos os extratos brutos apresentaram pelo menos uma atividade biológica, o que adicionado às análises químicas permitiram selecionar os meios de cultivo adequados para o crescimento em escala ampliada e, isolamento dos metabólitos secundários. Do cultivo de Camarops sp. no meio sólido de Milho isolou-se cinco substâncias, das quais quatro são inéditas 3-((1S,2S)-1,2-dihidroxibut-3-enil)-4-((E)-pent-1-enil)furan-2(5H)-ona (1), 3, 5, 9-trihidroxi presilfiperfolano (2), deacetilbotridial (3), ácido (E)-2,4-dimetilocta-2-enóico (4) e, ácido (E)-2,4-dimetilnon-2-enóico (5), os compostos 4 e 5 foram ativos na inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Do extrato, obtido do meio líquido de Malte, de... / Abstract: Fungi are considered promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential application in the food, agriculture and medicine industry, and in fact, many drugs used in public health originate from fungi. These are found in various ecosystems, among which we can mention those who live inside the plant species. These microorganisms are called endophytes and have proved to be a promising source of bioactive metabolites. Within this context, this work was carried out, aiming to obtain potentially bioactive substances from chemical and biological study of extracts produced by the endophytic fungi Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea and Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum isolated from plant species of the Cerrado and epigenetic studies of Phoma sp. isolated from plant species of the Sonoran Desert using in cultivation the epigenetic modifier SAHA. These endophytes were grown on small scale in liquid culture media and solid to obtain the crude extract. These were subjected to chemical analysis (TLC, HPLC and 1H NMR) and biological (antifungal, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic). All crude extracts showed at least one biological activity, which added the chemical analysis allowed to select the culture medium of appropriate for growth in large scale and isolation of secondary metabolites. The growing of Camarops sp. in solid medium of corn were isolated five compounds of which four are new 3-((1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxybut-3-enyl)-4-((E)-pent-1-enyl)furan-2(5H)-one (1), 3, 5, 9-trihydroxy presilphiperfolane (2), deacetyl-botrydial (3), (E)-2, 4-dimetilocta-2-enoic acid (4), and (E)-2, 4-dimetilnon-2-enoic acid (5), compounds 4 and 5 were active in inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. From the extract obtained from the liquid medium Malt, of P. atropurpurea were isolated the compounds 4,5-diethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1,6]dioxecine-1,8-dione (6) and periconicina B (7). From the cultivation of P. stromaticum... / Doutor

Adding a surface rock layer (also called rock armor or rock mulch) to constructed slopes improves erosion resistance but has had mixed effects on revegetation. This study investigated the effects of rock layer depth (no rocks, 10-, 15-, and 20-cm rock layers) and rock size (5-20cm diameter rocks) on vegetation cover. Seeding was applied four times in the first 2 years. After 3 years, plots with a rock layer averaged 7% vegetative cover compared to 85% on plots without a rock layer. There was a nonsignificant trend toward less vegetation with a deeper rock layer.