As education systems, in particular Technology Education, adapt to new expectations for secondary students entering an uncertain workforce, the time is appropriate to investigate the need for school facilities to meet these present demands and those that continue to change curricula. This study has been conducted in order to determine the facility requirements for the delivery of the evolving technology/manual arts curriculum in Queensland. A set of validated design criteria for evaluating technology education and vocational education settings was developed and trialed to assist the designer of such facilities to meet the needs of this area on schools designed in different eras from the 1 960s to the present. A review of the published literature would indicate that little has been written on this aspect of facilities design. While related studies have been conducted in North America, they were not confined to the designing of the facilities and only had specific relevance in that country. An expert group consisting of prominent Queensland educators provided the impetus for developing the criteria which had been generated through a systematic search of the literature. The methodology utilised to involve the expert group was the Nominal Group Technique. After the criteria had been developed, they were validated by questionnaire through a 30% random sample of practicing heads of department across Queensland in both state and independent systems. A trial evaluation using current facilities was subsequently conducted to determine the effectiveness of the criteria in terms of teacher acceptability as well as establishing a pattern of needs for modification. Practitioners who use the facility for teaching technology education and/or vocational education could use the set of criteria to evaluate their facility in a similar manner to that of evaluating their students. Such evaluations could then become the basis for ffiture school planning and budgetary allocations as well as asset management of existing facilities. The study proved to be valuable as the validated criteria have the potential of being used as a tool by teachers to evaluate their facilities. At the systems level of operation, the criteria will provide assistance for designers, architects and teachers to prepare informal educational briefs. Such briefs would provide a consistent approach to the some times difficult task of clearly defining the function of a facility. The modem facility must meet the needs of current curriculum and be sufficiently flexible and adaptable to provide the educational requirements well into the twenty-first century. These developed criteria will greatly assist in this process.

Many Canadian cities are collectively considering pedestrians, cyclists, public transit, automobiles, and the movement of goods through complete streets, aspiring to enable all people, regardless of age, income, abilities, or lifestyle choices to use streets. Canadian municipal transportation practices are largely based on conventional approaches, where the movement of motor vehicles is a priority. The purpose of this practicum is to identify ways that selected precedents from Canadian and European municipal practices, may inform Canadian municipalities as they seek to incorporate the needs of pedestrians and cyclists – encompassing city planning, transportation engineering, architecture, and urban design considerations. The results of this research exemplify the interdisciplinary involvement required for creating streets as both links and places. Recommendations for Canadian municipalities include aligning municipal design practices with complete streets practices and incorporating interdisciplinary inputs in street design. Ensuring an interdisciplinary university education is recommended for street design professions. / October 2015

iv ABSTRACT URBAN CONVENTION HOTEL DESIGN CRITERIA AND A DESIGN PROPOSAL FOR ANKARA CASE Gizem, Balik&ccedil / ioglu M.Arch. / Department of Architecture Supervisor: Part-time Inst. ilhan Kural September, 2004 154 Pages The aim of this study is to define the design criteria for urban convention hotels based on national and international market trends. The second aim is to design an efficient, flexible, and valid convention hotel program for Ankara case based on this research. The existing hotel structures in Ankara are assumed to be insufficient to meet the convention requirements of international and national market needs. In the study, the space requirements of different markets and their program matrix reflected on major convention hotels in different continents are analyzed. The basic design criteria in terms of architectural space requirements and functional needs of the venues are defined. The economical, social and cultural impacts of the convention hotels in urban scale are listed in order to define a sustainable and efficient program in city scale. A feasibility study is done based on the space requirements, user groups and use frequencies of the convention venues in capital city. The second assumption of this study was that Ankara needed a 500 room convention hotel in order to accommodate the existing and future tourism stock of the city. A program based on the requirements of prior research is prepared and a design proposal is given for a site located in Ankara.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (M Eng (Mining Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Mining Engineering / unrestricted

The Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture style surfaced quickly to be the favorable scheme to standardize the communication for network-based hypermedia systems due to its uniform discipline. As a result, various giant web services adopted the REST architecture as their primary architectural choice for their services. Regardless of the REST style's uniform discipline, de-facto practices appeared among REST services. Consequently, numerous studies have analyzed REST services and found to a significant extent, misalignments between the theoretical aspects of REST and the practices of REST. One of the studies examined a set of services that claimed to be REST against a class of 17 design criteria that realize the principles of the REST architecture, and it found that the majority of the subject services were inconsistent in applying the REST principles. This study has followed the research mentioned earlier and examined a limited set of REST services and surveyed REST practitioners to examine their practices against the same class of the 17 design criteria to determine to what extent they are applying the 17 design criteria and analyze the statistical differences between the practices of REST services and the practices of REST practitioners. The study results show that REST services and REST practitioners applied most of the 17 design criteria. However, the study also found heterogeneous practices in REST services that go against the principles of the REST style. Furthermore, the statistical analysis results suggest a misalignment between the practices of REST services and REST practitioners in relation to the 17 design criteria.

A study has been conducted to compare conventional pavements and perpetual pavements with a particular emphasis on perpetual pavements. One of the main drawbacks of conventional pavements and motivations for this work is the maintenance required for hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements with sub-drainage systems. Perpetual pavements, as the name suggests, are designed with a long life. However, this is a relatively new concept and there are still many unknowns concerning their performance. This dissertation was written to answer some of the questions. The study examines structural response and performance of perpetual pavements. Also, deterioration and performance of perpetual pavements will be contrasted to conventional pavements. Empirical data from the National Center of Asphalt Technology (NCAT) Test Track study was obtained, analyzed and used as a basis for evaluating theoretical models. Computational models for both conventional and perpetual pavements were constructed and analyzed using the general purpose finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Geometry, materials and loading are modeled with sufficient accuracy. This research examined several types of responses of perpetual pavements. It extends the traditional criteria of pavement distress by suggesting that longitudinal strain at the surface of a pavement HMA layer as an important criterion. Shear strain was studied and it provides a reasonable explanation of some distresses in pavements. By studying the FEA results from conventional and perpetual pavements and a thorough investigation of the thickness effects, it provides some rationale on why strain at the top of thick pavements is critical. The effects of dynamic wheel loadings are presented. Finally, the effect of environment, specifically temperature and moisture, on perpetual pavements are studied.

The small village Chonyonyo, in the district Karagwe in the northwest of Tanzania has a shortage of safe drinking water. Women and children spend several hours a day fetching water and gathering firewood to boil the water to make it more suitable for drinking. The need of new sustainable water supply solutions is fundamental for providing more people with safe drinking water.   Two water distribution alternatives was suggested by Engineers Without Borders and MAVUNO as possible solutions to supply the community with water.  Alternative 1 consisted of a 10 km distribution system from an already existing groundwater well at the MAVUNO office to Chonyonyo. Alternative 2 consisted of a 3.5 km distribution system from the most neighboring valley to Chonyonyo, where no groundwater well exists today. Both alternatives would be powered by solar panels and operated six hours a day. The most sustainable distribution solution was chosen by modeling the distribution alternatives in the modeling software EPANET. Input parameters to simulate the model were position, elevation and dimension of storage tanks and pipes. Other required input parameters were absolute roughness, water withdrawal, operation hours, description of the withdrawal pattern for the water outlet and other modelling conditions such as a suitable simulation time. The selection of water distribution system was based on minimum requirements of energy used for operation weighed with lowest possible water residence time in the storage tank. Water quality analyses of the raw water source for distribution alternative 1 were performed in order to classify the water and select suitable water treatment solutions. The analyses consisted of microbiological and metal/metalloid analyses, and measurements of EC and pH. The result of the simulation showed that neither of the distribution alternatives met all the pipe design criteria. The main reason is that the system can not be constantly operated. If this criterion is excluded the optimal solution is distribution alternative 1 with an outer pipe diameter of 110 mm throughout the whole distribution system and a water residence time in the storage tank of 57.1 hours. The water quality analysis showed that the ground water source for distribution alternative 1 was affected by surface water and is thus classified as unusable because of high levels of harmful bacteria and lead. The most suitable water treatment solution due to the aspects of sustainable water supply are the microbiological barriers ultrafiltration and UV-light in combination with a treatment method to remove lead from the water. / I samhället Chonyonyo i distriktet Karagwe i nordvästra Tanzania råder brist på säkert dricksvatten. Kvinnor och barn spenderar flera timmar om dagen för att hämta vatten och samla ved för att koka vattnet så att det blir säkrare att dricka. Behovet av nya hållbara vattenlösningar är fundamental för att kunna försörja fler människor med säkert dricksvatten.   Två vattendistributionsalternativ lades fram av Ingenjörer utan gränser och MAVUNO som möjliga lösningar för att försörja invånarna i Chonyonyo med dricksvatten. Alternativ 1 bestod av ett 10 km distributionssystem från en befintlig grundvattenbrunn vid MAVUNO:s kontor. Alternativ 2 bestod av ett 3.5 km distributionssystem från den närmaste dalen till samhället Chonyonyo, där det inte finns någon befintlig grundvattenbrunn. Båda alternativen kommer att drivas av solpaneler och vara under drift sex timmar per dygn. Det lämpligaste distributionsalternativet valdes ut genom simulering i mjukvaran EPANET. Ingångsparametrar för simuleringen var bl.a. position, höjd och dimension på reservoarer och ledningar. Ytterligare nödvändiga parametrar var skrovlighet på ledningar, storlek på vattenuttag, antal driftstimmar, uttagmönster från vattenkranar i systemet samt andra modelleringsförhållanden såsom en lämplig simuleringstid. Valet av distributionssystem grundades på lägsta möjliga energibehov för drift viktat mot lägsta möjliga uppehållstid i vattenreservoarerna.   Kvalitetsanalyser av råvattnet för distributionsalternativ 1 genomfördes för att klassificera vattnet och göra lämpliga val av vattenreningslösningar. Analyserna omfattade mätning av ett antal mikrobiologiska parametrar, metaller/metalloider samt EC och pH. Simuleringen visade att ingen av alternativen kunde uppnå alla designkriterierna. Huvudorsaken till det är att systemet endast är i drift periodvis. Bortsett från dessa kriterier var det optimala lösningen distributionsalternativ 1 med en yttre rördiameter på 110 mm genom hela systemet med en maximal uppehållstid i vattenreservoaren på ca 57 timmar.   Analyserna visade att grundvattnet var ytvattenpåverkat och klassificeras som otjänligt med höga nivåer av skadliga bakterier och bly. De lämpligaste vattenreningslösningarna i förhållande till hållbarhetsaspekterna var de mikrobiologiska barriärerna ultrafiltrering och behandling med UV-ljus kombinerat med en reningsmetod för att avskilja bly från vattnet.

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Springiness and vibrations of timber floors are familiar to many as a ‘live’ feelwhen walking on them, especially if living in single family housing with timberframework. Since the building regulations in Sweden changed to performancedependentrequirements in 1994 the use of timber in multifamily housing hasincreased. New timber building systems have been developed and increasedbearing capacity of floors has made it possible to build with longer spans. Thelow mass of timber floors makes them more sensitive to dynamic loading byhuman activities, such as walking, running and jumping, compared to heavyfloors e.g. concrete floors. To improve vibration performance it is possible tochange the structural properties of the floors by increasing mass, stiffness ordamping properties. The most practicable solution is to increase the stiffness.Improved damping is also highly effective, but is difficult estimate and designaccurately since it originates from many sources in the finished building. In thepresent thesis the effects on dynamic properties from increased stiffnesstransverse to the load bearing direction of a floor have been assessed from testsin laboratory. The effect on dynamic performance of a timber floor fromelastic/damping interlayers (polyurethane elastomers) installed in the junctionsbetween walls and floors have been assessed in laboratory and in situ. Also thechange in dynamic properties of an in situ floor has been investigated atdifferent stages of construction and compared with results from laboratory tests.The present criteria for design of timber floors with respect to vibrationperformance were developed at a time when timber floors were mainly used insingle-family housing. The traditional timber joist floors differ in structuralbehaviour from the new types of floors developed recently. The experiencedvibration annoyance by residents in single- and multifamily housing differs asthe source of vibration disturbance and those who become disturbed aredifferent. The changed conditions give cause for a review of present designcriteria. A laboratory and field study on vibration performance was conductedwith questionnaires and dynamic performance measurements. The subjectiveand objective results were correlated and indicators for vibration acceptabilityand annoyance were assessed and new vibration performance criteria andvibration performance classes were suggested.