Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-116). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-95). Also available via the Internet.

Stefan Naumann Master of Architecture Mynewhome.com.au Exploring New Ways of Delivering Architecture;- Creating a Design Interface for Sustainable and Affordable Houses The aim of this research project was to explore new ways of delivering architecture and the engagement of architects in everyday, affordable, sustainable housing in Australia. This dissertation speculates on the possibility of a design system integrated with a design interface, where customers can self-configure or customise their home online with the help of embedded programs and an architect consultancy service. This can be seen as an alternative option for the homebuyer to the volume built, standard house. The design system displayed in this masters research was developed in three testing modes: speculative designs, site specific designs and user experiments. The system consists of modules and components that would have the embedded knowledge of the architect. They are intended to allow non professionals to self-arrange their homes. This was then integrated into a user interface. A construction system which allows prefabrication was then applied, but the main focus of the research was on the delivery of design and client engagement and not on the technicalities, or the realisation of a prefab system. The aim was to combine as much of the quality and advantages of a one off architecturally designed house, in particular, the consideration of user and site needs with the affordability and predictability of a completely pre-designed volume builder house. Digital design, production and marketing have the potential to make this challenge a success. This new digital way of delivering architecture could lead to houses that are more adaptable to different users and site needs than volume builder housing. The knowledge of the architect could be applied to ordinary housing, without the huge financial cost of the one off, architect designed house. The web based interface would allow customer interaction as tested in user experiments. The internet widens the possibility of the clients' involvement in the design process. These new online procurement processes are more instant and accessible and could result in an enlightened purchaser. There is the possibility to educate people, so informed decisions could be made. It could lead to houses with better orientation, engagement with new building materials, prefabrication technologies and the promotion of smaller houses resulting in more sustainable homes that are still reasonable in price. This is a very complex issue in which different experts would have to work together. However, there is a real possibility for a design interface to open up a dialogue between the architect and the general public.

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This research was conducted in the field of public key infrastructures (PKI). This sector is highly confidential and deals with managing security through encryption. The products in this area are technical: the user interface and user experience aspects are not prioritized and they are usually ignored or downplayed. Neglecting these aspects can lead to different ethical risks not only to the company but also to its customers. In the field of public key infrastructures, design is, therefore, a matter of ethical concern. The purpose of this research is to analyse what are the ethical risks and principles that should be taken into consideration when creating a design system for public key infrastructure products. To find an answer, the study was divided into 3 phases. A preliminary analysis was carried out to identify possible ethical principles, subsequently, two rounds of interviews were conducted with 8 employees of a leading PKI company. The scope of the interviews was to establish the relevance of these principles and identify the associated risks. The results suggest that the design system should take into account 6 ethical principles: transparency, inclusiveness and accessibility, autonomy, security and privacy, accountability and resilience. The principle of transparency can be applied to the design system through a clear user interface and simpler workflows while inclusiveness and accessibility can be tackled by considering even non-technical audits and people with disabilities during the design process. To make the user more autonomous, it is important to act on the workflow in order to reduce the use of external documentation and the possibility of managing automation in a simple way. Security and privacy are the foundations of PKI products and therefore user interface and experience should not in any way limit these principles, but rather facilitate the procedures necessary to make products safe. The tracking of the users’ actions is crucial in this field, however, the design should make the review of the activities easy and clearly convey the concept to tracked users. Finally, resilience can find application in the design, even if partially, and try to block malicious product uses. / Denna forskning utfördes inom området för public key infrastructures (PKI). Denna sektor är mycket konfidentiell och har att göra med hanteringen av säkerhet genom kryptering. Produkterna inom detta område är tekniska: användargränssnittet och användarupplevelseaspekterna prioriteras inte och de ignoreras eller förringas vanligtvis. Att se bort från dessa aspekter kan leda till olika etiska risker inte bara för företaget utan även för dess kunder. Inom området för public key infrastructure är design därför en fråga av etisk angelägenhet. Syftet med denna forskning är att analysera vilka etiska risker och principer som bör beaktas när man skapar ett designsystem för public key infrastructure. För att hitta ett svar delades studien upp i 3 faser. En preliminär analys genomfördes för att identifiera möjliga etiska principer, därefter genomfördes två omgångar av intervjuer med 8 anställda på ett ledande PKI-företag. Intervjuernas omfattning var att fastställa relevansen av dessa principer och identifiera de associerade riskerna. Resultaten tyder på att designsystemet bör ta hänsyn till 6 etiska principer: transparens, inkludering och tillgänglighet, autonomi, säkerhet och integritet, ansvarighet och motståndskraft. Principen om transparens kan appliceras på designsystemet genom ett tydligt användargränssnitt och enklare arbetsflöden samtidigt som inkludering och tillgänglighet kan hanteras genom att beakta även icke-tekniska revisioner och personer med funktionshinder under designprocessen. För att göra användaren mer självständig är det viktigt att vara verksam på arbetsflödet för att minska användningen av extern dokumentation och möjligheten att hantera automatisering på ett enkelt sätt. Säkerhet och integritet är grunden för PKI-produkter och därför bör användargränssnitt och erfarenhet inte på något sätt begränsa dessa principer, utan snarare underlätta de procedurer som krävs för att göra produkter säkra. Spårningen av användarnas handlingar är avgörande inom detta område, dock bör designen göra granskningen av aktiviteterna enkel och tydligt förmedla konceptet till spårade användare. Slutligen kan resistens hitta tillämpning i designen, även om den enbart är partiell, och försöka blockera skadlig produktanvändning.

`FRACTION, an investigation on principles of functional design and its expressive potential´ is dealing with the interaction between the body, the worn garment and the closer space around it, in the context of the three being individual functional systems. Based on my findings, I am questioning the existing paradigms for a functional expression with the aim of generating an outlook for a possible development of what can be considered a functional visual. How much function can an expression contain and how much expression can still be considered functional?Revisiting the historic context of functional design, not garment construction, profound thoughts on aesthetics and function as well as the current status of the branch, this article is aiming for a more holistic view on functional creation and fashion design. Based on this theoretical background ten outfits got developed. All of them serve as a conceptual proposal of what the findings could mean in reality. / Program: Konstnärligt masterprogram i mode- och textildesign med inriktning mot modedesign eller textildesign

The service industry has become a major industrial sector in Taiwan. Service industry has some unique characteristics such as intangibility, perishability, heterogeneity, inseparably. These characteristics make it difficult for a service to be mass-produced, have consistent quality control, or have patent protection. In response to this kind of competitive environment, enterprises need rapid service innovation to enhance their value. Therefore, service innovation and service design are more and more important. The service blueprint is a tool for service process design. It can specify how service is provided, and support service process analysis. However, there is no generally accepted practice and software for designing service blueprints. This has hindered the enhancement of service productivity. In this these, we define requirements for service blueprints and develop a system prototype to show the feasibility of such as system. The service blueprint system can help visualize service process and identify potential fail points and innovation opportunities. It can be used by service companies to communicate service design with the staff, and find alternatives to eliminate service gaps.

The research presented in this thesis develops an improved design methodology for designing complex systems. While traditional methods have been able to create complex systems, their success is usually overshadowed by long delays and expensive overruns. The method developed within this research is known as Value Seeking System Design (VSSD) and builds upon the foundations of the System Engineering (SE) and Value Driven Design (VDD) approaches. Creation and implementation of the new design environment is provided, including a method on how to create the value model for any complex system. Key conclusions from this work include a need to redefine the process in which stakeholder needs are currently defined and captured as well as a need to create an improved value model. Defining all stakeholders’ needs as requirements constrains the designer to a rigid solution space, which may not include the “best” solution for the stakeholder. Similarly not including the social aspects within a value model causes the designer to make poor value trades. To overcome these problems the VSSD technique incorporates desirements and their associated design desirability functions within the design process to create a non-rigid solution space while the value model has been redeveloped to easily incorporate the performance, economic and social aspects of a design, to allow a more accurate and balanced value trade off analysis to occur. Benchmarking the VSSD approach against the current state of the art methods (SE and VDD) highlighted the advantages of adapting a value approach to complex system design compared to traditional requirement based techniques. Additionally while all three approaches were capable of designing complex systems the VSSD approach was demonstrated to be an improved design methodology as it possessed the benefits inherent within both the SE and VDD approaches without suffering from their limitations.

The recent growth of the software industry has drawn attention to strategies aimed at improving collaboration within the development team. Shown to frequently encounter dilemmas associated with cross-disciplinary work are User Experience designers and software developers, whose effective collaboration are essential for the success of the development process. Design systems have evolved as a response to the demand for efficient collaboration as a collection of reusable patterns and documentation used to establish a common language within software development teams. The popularity of using design systems within software development projects has grown rapidly in recent years, but little research has yet been conducted on its usability in development work. The goal of this thesis is to study design systems from a developer perspective, and evaluate its ability to facilitate the collaboration within software development teams. By building upon previous work on developer experience, this study proposes a method for assessing design system usability from a developer perspective. In this study, participating software developers were tasked with implementing user interface design in code with the help of a design system, followed by interview questions based on the Cognitive Dimensions Framework. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results provide insights into design system usability and developer experience. Findings include aspects of design system usability in general, such as the importance of developers' autonomy and flexibility of the system, as well as implications from the tested method in particular, such as the relevance of context of implementation. The results implicated an inherent dilemma of approaching design system development through conventions and best practices rather than with a systems theory and systems thinking perspective. / Senaste tidens tillväxt inom mjukvaruutvecklingsindustrin har resulterat i ett ökat intresse för att effektivisera samarbetet inom utvecklingsteamet. Två yrkesgrupper som påvisats stöta på dilemman associerade med multidisciplinärt arbete är de som designar och utvecklar mjukvara, vars samarbete är avgörande för utvecklingsprocessens framgång. Designsystem har vuxit fram som ett svar på en ökad efterfrågan på effektivt samarbete som en samling återanvändbara mönster och dokumentation som syftar till att etablera en gemensam vokabulär och inom mjukvaruutvecklingsteam. Trots att användandet av designsystem inom mjukvaruutveckling har ökat under de senaste åren har inte mycket forskning gjorts på dess användbarhet i utvecklingsarbetet. Denna uppsats syftar till att studera designsystem från ett utvecklarperspektiv, och utvärdera dess förmåga att facilitera samarbetet inom mjukvaruutvecklingsteam. Genom att ta avstamp i tidigare forskning kring utvecklarupplevelse föreslår denna studie en metod för att bedöma användbarheten och utvecklarupplevelsen av ett designsystem. Deltagande mjukvaruutvecklare fick i denna studie i uppgift att implementera gränssnittsdesign i kod med hjälp av ett designsystem, följt av intervjufrågor baserade på ramverket för Cognitive Dimensions. Tematisk analys användes för att analysera data. Resultaten ger inblick i användbarhet och designsystem i allmänhet, så som vikten av utvecklarens autonomi och systemets flexibilitet, samt implikationer från det testade design systemet i synnerhet, så som implementationskontextens relevans. Resultaten antyder att det finns svårigheter med att närma sig mjukvaruutveckling med designsystem genom konventioner och god praxis snarare än med ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv.

As part of a push for renewal by radio and communications-based company Ericsson, the company launched a new brand identity called Brand 2.0 and began to construct the Ericsson Design System (EDS), a toolbox of digital design and development resources. The purpose of the EDS is to streamline and speed up the design and development process, help maintain consistency in design across products and improve communication between teams. This study aims to find potential areas for improvement of the EDS. To accomplish this, we compare the Ericsson Design System to the best practices of what makes an effective design system, as well as compare it to other companies’ publicly available design systems. To make this comparison, we performed an expert evaluation of the EDS and conducted interviews with Ericsson employees with experience with the design system to understand its strengths and weaknesses. The study found that the EDS is well suited for developers using the supported platform, but lacks some big-picture support for designers. System adoption would benefit from a push for political support within Ericsson. / Som del av en förnyelseprocess på kommunikationsföretaget Ericsson så lanserade företaget en ny varumärkesidentitet kallad Brand 2.0, och påbörjade konstruktionen av Ericsson Design System (EDS), en samling av digitala design- och utvecklingsresurser. EDS syfte är att understödja kommunikation, effektivisera design- och utvecklingsprocesser för mjukvaruprodukter, samt bidra till en mer konsekvent design mellan olika produkter inom bolaget.Denna studie utvärderar Ericsson Design System med syftet att finna förbättringsmöjligheter för systemet. För att uppfylla detta syfte gjordes en jämförelse med industribeprövad praxis för vad som gör ett effektivt designsystem, samt en jämförelse med designsystem från andra aktörer. För att göra denna jämförelse utfördes en expertanalys samt en intervjustudie som hämtade data från befintliga användare av Ericsson Design System. Studiens resultat visar att EDS är väl anpassat till att stödja utvecklare som använder den avsedda plattformen, men saknar visst stöd för designers, och att systemets användning skulle kunna breddas om det hade ett starkare strukturellt stöd i Ericssons internpolitik.