Thesis named: ?Pilgrimage and Religious Tourism as human need in health and illness? The phenomenon of pilgrimage and related religious tourism have been more and more discussed recently, although the history of pilgrimage origins in distant past. The main goal of the thesis was to describe two religious cultures, namely Christianity and Islam, to describe the history of pilgrimage and pilgrimage destinations of these two cultures and to compare them. The partial goals were to map attitudes of these cultures to health and illness, to identify the elements common for the pilgrims and to find out how religious and pilgrimage tourism influences these people in their relation to health and illness. The aim of the work was to identify and understand a person of different religion better, to grasp a human as an individual and to approach him/her this way. Qualitative research, for which four research questions had been set, was performed. The research itself had the form of an individual non standardized interview with a research sample consisting of four Christians and four Muslims. Case studies were elaborated upon the interviews. The case studies form the research base for categorization areas. The results based on the interviews were processed by means of frame analysis (of the categorized groups). The results show that Christianity and Islam have certain cultural differences. Pilgrimage and pilgrimage destinations differ substantially in Christianity and Islam. While Christians visit these places for spiritual and physical relaxation and to please for health, for Muslims the pilgrimage is a part of the ?five pillars of Islam?. This finding is the biggest difference of both the religious cultures in relation to pilgrimage and religious tourism. The topic of this thesis is not very typical for the nursing care field of study; however I would like to provide students and colleagues with valuable information based on the thesis. The thesis could be used as informational material for nurses and as study material for nursing care students.

This thesis analyzes the conditions for providing services in the destination Českokrumlovsko and Lipensko, then process control and hard and soft factors in the management of the accommodation facilities in selected areas. First part of this work contains the objectives and the methodology of work, after the bibliographic search, in which is explained the concept of tourism, accommodation and food services, leisure time, destination and an outline of the organizations involved in tourism. Than follow own work, where are characterized selected destination, comparison accommodation services in these areas in terms of number, category, bed capacity and ancillary services. Next chapter is devoted to evaluation of questionnaire on which basis, field investigations and personal experience was selected accommodation as an example of good practice for others and with owners made author controlled interviews. At the end of the work is given the possibility of support from EU funds.

The aim is to analyze all communication activities destination Mountains . The first part is devoted to marketing communications, marketing mix, destination and its typology. Provides an overview of communication tools and their basic characteristics. The second part of the presentation of the destinations Krkonoše Mountains , their geographical location , natural conditions, historical development, administrative breakdown and analysis of the potential for development of tourism in the mountains. Furthermore, this section discusses current marketing communication tools and activities Krkonoše " Krkonoše of municipal -bond" its projects and financing . The second part of the results of its own investigation. In the third part outlines the product called " Labe (Elbe ) " , with the possibility to expand marketing communications within the international tourism market. The fourth section is devoted to the end, where I summarize the analysis , case studies and evaluation findings throughout the work

Nesta pesquisa, discutem-se, à luz da teoria de Butler dedicada ao ciclo de vida da destinação turística, as particularidades que tornam a experiência de visitação da Vila de Alter do Chão, distrito de Santarém e pertencente ao Pólo turístico do Tapajós, situado a oeste do Estado do Pará. Com base numa abordagem teórico-empírica, constata-se que houve, naquele distrito, um percurso cíclico, com a transformação gradual de um pequeno vilarejo de pescadores e artesãos em um destino integralmente turístico. Como processo metodológico para a realização desta investigação fez-se uso de um vasto exame da literatura especializada, referente ao modelo de ciclo de vida da destinação. No intuito de ampliar o raio de ação da base teórica aqui visitada e atestar in loco os detalhes que fizeram de Alter do Chão uma referência no cenário turístico regional e nacional realizou-se entrevistas com quatro segmentos sociais do destino (Comunidade, Sociedade civil organizada, Poder Público e Iniciativa privada), complementadas por pesquisa documental. Dentre os itens analisados, observou-se a existência do atrativo em fase de exploração e envolvimento, porém, sem o aporte de infra-estrutura adequada e com deficiências de gestão turística pública e privada. Daí a necessidade de um planejamento voltado à sustentabilidade do turismo em Alter do Chão - PA. / It has been discussed on this research based on Butlers Theory of the life cycle of a tourist destination, particular features associated with the experience of visiting the village of Alter do Chão, Santarém district, belonging to Tapajós Tour Pole, located on the western portion of Pará State. Based on a theoretical and empirical approach, it can be stated that there is a cyclical path in that district with a gradual change from a small fishermen and craftsmen village into a tourist destination. Method involved a broad literature review about the model life cycle of a destination, acquisition of secondary data from official documents and primary data collect through field interviews conducted with representatives of four social segments of the destination (community, organized civil society, Government and private sector). Results show that this tourist destination is positioned exploration and involvement phase. They also show that there is no appropriate infrastructure investment, and, the private and public tourism management bodies are still deficient. Therefore, there is a needs for better planning that should focus on the sustainability of the tourism in Alter do Chão - PA.

Achieving a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions has become a key challenge facing global society and its economies. Despite this, tourism policy and strategic planning rarely acknowledge carbon mitigation as a strategic objective and tourism as a sector is rarely recognised in low-carbon plans. This situation represents a substantial challenge, as tourism and travel have a high-carbon impact and carbon mitigation is hindered by lack of carbon data, and a continued drive for economic growth. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effectiveness of carbon footprinting and scenario modelling to help examine the opportunities and challenges for implementing low-carbon tourism pathways in destinations, and to consider how the opportunities could be enabled. The 'REAP Tourism' footprint tool was used to investigate the carbon impact of visitors to destinations across South West England. The purpose was to estimate emissions, suggest a baseline footprint and offer alternative growth and mitigation scenarios of how tourism could more effectively reduce emissions. Through participatory workshops, evaluation questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, stakeholders identified the limitations and benefits of carbon modelling and the challenges and opportunities for a transition towards low-carbon tourism in destinations. The results demonstrated that the carbon footprint was a useful and informative indicator. The baseline data and scenarios provided a basis for constructive low-carbon dialogue with tourism stakeholders, which helped to challenge current thinking and facilitate the co-creation of ideas and potential interventions. A range of low-carbon opportunities and challenges were identified relating to the cultural, political and structural components of tourism governance. A conceptual low-carbon transition framework is proposed, to illustrate the opportunities. Stakeholder dialogue and debate, informed by quantitative and qualitative data, is central to the framework. Cultural, political and structural opportunities for change are also identified. Further investigation is needed to test the framework and examine the levels of influence and capabilities of different types of tourism stakeholders. The use of integrated environmental-economic indicators to inform national and local tourism policy and strategy, also require application. This thesis contributes to an emerging body of knowledge on the governance of low-carbon destinations, from a practical, methodological and conceptual basis.

abstract: Social Carrying Capacity (SCC) has been used commonly in the past to study the impact of increasing numbers of tourists on tourists’ satisfaction with a destination. However, it has been used less commonly to research the impact of increasing levels of tourism on residents of tourism destinations. As definitions of sustainable tourism shift to be more inclusive of residents, commonly used constructs should also be refined or modified to reflect this ontological shift. Current operational definitions of SCC tend to focus on crowding as the major indicator SCC has been reached. Even the theories commonly used to study SCC, stimulus-overload and expectancy theories, relate directly to crowding. This Master’s thesis aimed to expand the concept of SCC to be more representative of the manifold impacts experienced by residents of tourism destinations as tourism increases. This aim was accomplished through an exploratory mixed methods study ultimately resulting in the creation of a new SCC measurement tool. The qualitative phase of this research consisted of four focus groups in three sites with varying levels of tourism development. The data from the focus groups were used to inform item writing of a measurement tool that represented a greater number of SCC indicators than crowding to confirm the validity of the indicators in the quantitative phase of the research. After the instrument was distributed via a statewide poll, two structural equation models were fit to compare the operational definitions. A better understanding of the relationship between one of the supporting theories, stimulus-overload theory, and SCC was uncovered with evidence of an emergent connection between SCC and tourism-related stressors. The results of the research indicate that there are multiple indicators of SCC experienced by residents of tourism destinations which can change in degree and expression as tourism development in a community increases. The operational definition including these indicators explained more variance in support for tourism development than overcrowding alone. A greater awareness of these indicators and their evolution can strengthen the theoretical foundation of SCC and enable practitioners to make multi-faceted, proactive decisions when managing a destination. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Community Resources and Development 2020

Thesis advisor: Zhushan Li / Higher education institutions are expected to improve the employability-related outcomes of their graduates. Previous assessments of graduate employability have largely focused on assessing the quality of a graduate’s first career-related position after graduating, referred to as their first destination, under the assumption that graduates who secure higher quality first destinations are more highly employable. Previous assessments of first destinations have focused more on simple descriptive information (e.g., monetary compensation, number of hours worked per week, etc.) as opposed to evaluating more complex, multidimensional constructs related to employment quality. Assessing these types of constructs would not only provide institutions with more information on graduate employability outcomes, but could also improve the quality and utility of this information. This study investigated whether the theory of Person-Job (P-J) Fit could be generalized to assess a new self-report employment quality construct for recent Bachelor’s degree graduates called First Destination Fit (FDF). Using a mixed-methods research design, the study investigated the dimensionality of this construct, the extent to which the construct is invariant for graduates who secure employment first destinations versus all other types of first destinations (e.g., continued education, military service, etc.), and the extent to which the construct is associated with similar constructs as P-J Fit. Survey scale items were rigorously developed, evaluated, and refined using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as cognitive interviews. The results suggested a four-dimensional framework for understanding FDF. These dimensions were Needs-Tasks fit, Needs-Field fit, Previous-Experience-Tasks fit, and Previous-Experience-Field fit. In large part, these dimensions were found to be related to similar constructs as P-J fit has been found to be related to, particularly for graduates with employment-type destinations. However, this four-dimensional framework was found to be better fitting for graduates with employment-type destinations compared to graduates with non-employment destinations. The study contributes a newly developed and rigorously evaluated scale for HEIs to use to collect new, important information about their graduates’ employability. It also began the process of validating this new scale using advanced psychometric testing. Implications for the scale and future directions for research are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement and Evaluation.

El distrito de San Borja, es actualmente, uno de los lugares más congestionados en la provincia de Lima. Por ello, es importante realizar estudios que reflejen la situación actual del distrito y, así mismo, poder dar solución a los puntos con mayor tráfico vehicular. El distrito de San Borja, no cuenta con una base de datos actualizada con dicha información, por lo cual esta tesis propone una plataforma de base de datos que identifique los principales orígenes y destinos de los viajes, obtenida mediante encuestas en el distrito de San Borja, el cual será el área de estudio para esta investigación. Esta área de investigación se ha dividido convenientemente en 12 zonas, las cuales se ha hecho coincidir con los 12 sectores en los cuales se encuentra dividido el distrito de San Borja, con el objetivo de aprovechar la disponibilidad de datos referidos a esa zonificación. Además de ello, se ha tomado en cuenta 4 macro zonas externas adicionales (conformadas por los distritos restantes en la provincia de Lima), es decir, en total 16 zonas de estudio. Con los datos procesados, se obtuvo una matriz Origen Destino actual, la cual se calibró mediante dos modelos (Gravitacional y Fratar) de distribución de viajes, los cuales se utilizaron para el pronóstico de un escenario futuro proyectado a 5 años. Previamente, se elaboraron los modelos de generación y atracción de viajes, los cuales son requisitos para los modelos de distribución de viajes. / The district of San Borja is currently one of the most congested places in the province of Lima. For this reason, it is important to carry out studies that reflect the current situation of the district and, likewise, to be able to solve the points with the highest vehicular traffic. The district of San Borja does not have an updated database with this information, so this thesis proposes a database platform that identifies the main origins and destinations of the trips, obtained through surveys in the district of San Borja, which will be the study area for this investigation. This area of research has been conveniently divided into 12 zones, which has been made to coincide with the 12 sectors in which the district of San Borja is divided, in order to take advantage of the availability of data referring to this zoning. In addition, four additional external zones (made up of the remaining districts in the province of Lima) have been taken into account, that is, a total of 16 study areas. With the processed data, a current Origin Destination matrix was obtained, which was calibrated by means of two models (Gravitational and Fratar) of trip distribution, which were used for the forecast of a future scenario projected to 5 years. Previously, travel generation and attraction models were developed, which are requirements for travel distribution models. / Tesis

<p>Globalna konkurencija u turizmu postala je izazov za mnoge zemlje koje se<br />takmiče da postanu poželjna turistička destinacija, te je razumevanje faktora koji<br />doprinose konkurentnosti destinacije od su&scaron;tinskog značaja za održavanje<br />postojećeg nivoa razvoja turističke destinacije, njenog rasta i vitalnosti. Zbog<br />toga, merenje konkurentnosti se može smatrati ključnim faktorom u<br />obezbeđivanju uspeha turističkih destinacija. Predmet doktorske disertacije je<br />identifikacija i utvrđivanje značaja faktora koji mogu imati uticaj na<br />konkurentnost ruralnog turizma Vojvodine. U radu su se, primenom anketnog<br />istraživanja, ispitivali stavovi interesnih grupa značajnih za razvoj ruralnog<br />turizma na strani ponude u Vojvodini i Mađarskoj (direktni pružaoci usluga u<br />ruralnom turizmu, zaposleni u turističkim organizacijama i turističkim<br />agencijama, zaposleni u op&scaron;tinskim i pokrajinskim službama, zaposleni u<br />ministarstvima, nastavno osoblje na fakultetima). Osnovni cilj istraživanja je da<br />se utvrdi koliko je Vojvodina konkurentna kao destinacija ruralnog turizma,<br />odnosno da se oceni trenutno stanje svih onih faktora koji utiču/mogu uticati na<br />konkurentnost Vojvodine. Naučni doprinos istraživanja doktorske disertacije<br />ogleda se u identifikaciji determinanti koje su od značaja za konkurentnost<br />destinacija ruralnog turizma. Kao rezultat toga, razviće se model za merenje<br />konkurentnosti destinacija ruralnog tuirzma koji će biti primenljiv na Vojvodinu<br />koja ima kapacitete da razvija ruralni turizam, ali i bilo koju drugu destinaciju<br />ruralnog turizma.</p> / <p>Global competition in the tourism industry has become a challenge for many countries that are competing to become a desirable tourist destination, so understanding the factors that contribute to the competitiveness of destinations is essential to maintain the current level of development of tourist destination, its growth and vitality. Therefore, measurement of competitiveness can be considered as a key factor in ensuring the success of tourist destinations. The subject of this dissertation is to identify and determine the significance of the factors that may have an impact on the competitiveness of rural tourism in Vojvodina. In the paper, survey research is used in order to investigate attitudes of stakeholders important for rural tourism development on the supply side in Vojvodina and Hungary (direct service providers in rural tourism, employees of tourist organizations and travel agencies, employees of municipal and provincial departments, employees of ministries, teaching staff at universities). The main objective of the research is to determine how much Vojvodina is a competitivedestination for rural tourism, or to assess the current state of all the factors that affect/could affect the competitiveness of Vojvodina. The scientific contribution of the&nbsp; doctoral dissertation research is reflected in the identification of determinants that are&nbsp; important for the competitiveness of rural tourism destination. As a result, the model will be developed to measure the competitiveness of rural tourism destinations, which will be applicable to Vojvodina, the province that has the capacity to develop rural tourism, or any other destination of rural tourism.</p>

En vanlig strategi bland dagens fastighetsbolag är att samla sina bestånd i olika kluster. Demenar att det är fördelaktigt att äga många fastigheter på en plats, istället för att ha ettutspritt fastighetsbestånd. Detta fenomen sägs skapa synergieffekter som ger mervärde förbåde hyresgäst och fastighetsägare. Men för att dessa områden ska överprestera, gäller detför fastighetsägarna att skapa attraktion för områdena, som gör att människor vill spenderasin tid och pengar där.Orten Åre har lyckats med just detta, där man omvandlat en avfolkad plats till att bli enattraktiv året runt-destination. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka omfastighetsägarna i Stockholmregionen använder samma framgångsfaktorer, som skapadedestinationen Åre, till att skapa attraktiva fastighetsägarkluster. Om så är fallet, kan man seom detta ger mervärde till hyresgästerna och därmed högre hyresintäkter tillfastighetsägarna?Genom en teoretisk litteraturgenomlysning samt intervjuer med relevanta respondenterbland företag och fastighetsägare i Åre skapades en fallstudie kallad ”Fallstudie destinationÅre”. Denna fallstudie visade att det finns stora likheter mellan framgångsfaktorerna i Åre ochteorin om hur man skapar framgångriska kluster och destinationer. I fallet Åre sammanfattasdessa som: • Samarbete mellan näringsliv och kommun• Skapandet av effektiva mötesplatser• Ökade kommunikationer till orten• Evenemang som skapar attraktion för platsen• Ett lyckat arbete med att skapa en året runt-destination• Bilden av att man tar ansvar för miljön• Skapandet av en välkomnade miljö där man vill leva och verka Dessa framgångsfaktorer presenterades sedan för respondenter i Stockholm somrepresenterar företagen Kungsleden och Atrium Ljungberg, för att undersöka i vilken grad deanvänder dem i fastighetsutvecklingen av sina kluster i Danderyd, Värtahamnen, Sickla ochSlakthusområdet. Resultatet visade att destinationsteorin är förhållandevis ny bland dessafastighetsägare, men att den används. Framför allt används den av Atrium Ljungberg inomprojekten i Sickla och Slakthusområdet. Dessa stadsdelar planeras bli levande destinationer,som via kultur, bostäder, handel och kontor ska locka till sig människor alla timmar på dygnet.Strategin är dock så pass ny att man inte kan se än om den skapar mervärde för hyresgästernaoch därmed högre hyror för fastighetsägarna. / A common strategy used by today’s real estate companies is to group their properties indifferent clusters. They believe it is more beneficial to own a number of properties in the onearea, as opposed to having a real estate portfolio that is scattered. The strategy aims to createsynergy effects, which add value to both the tenants and the property owner. In order forthese areas to succeed, it is essential that the cluster is attractive and encourages people tospend their time and money in it.The town of Åre has successfully carried out this approach, transforming an unpopular areainto an attactive year-round destination. The objective of this thesis was to identify thesuccess factors in Åre and then to investigate whether these factors are present in thestrategies of Stockholm-based cluster projects. In such cases where they are used, tounderstand whether they provide added value to the tenants and, thus, higher rental incomefor the property owners.Through a theoretical review of literature and interviews with relevant companies andproperty owners in Åre, a case study was created called ”Case Study Destination Åre”. Thiscase study showed that there were many similarities between the success factors in Åre andthe success factors found in the theory of how to create prosperous clusters and destinations.In the Åre case, these success factors are summarised as follows: • A cooperation between the business sector and the municipality• The creation of effective meeting places• An increase in communications to the area• Events that create attraction to the area• The achievement of creating a year-round destination• An image of taking responsibility for the environment• The creation of a welcoming environment where people want to live and work These success factors were then presented to representatives of the companies Kungsledenand Atrium Ljungberg in Stockholm. They were asked to examine to what extent they usethese success factors in development of their own property clusters in Danderyd,Värtahamnen, Sickla and Slakthusområdet. The result demonstrated that, while thedestination theory is relatively new among property owners, it is used. In the case of AtriumLjungberg, the theory is very much used throughout their property cluster projects in Sicklaand Slakthusområdet. These particular districts endeavour to be living destinations that,through culture, housing, commerce and office-spaces, will attract people for all hours of theday. As the strategy is so new, however, it is impossible to understand if it creates added valuefor the tenants and, thus, higher rents for the property owners at this stage.