The implementation of agritourism in the U.S. has increased in recent years. Agritourism provides social and economic benefits to rural communities, leads small-scale farms to achieve financial viability, and offers clientele an entertaining opportunity to meet local producers. Although multiple resources exist to educate individuals interested in pursuing agritourism business ventures, related materials cannot be generalized to Mississippi due to inapplicable data. This study aimed to gain knowledge about Mississippi’s agritourism clientele by administering surveys to attendees of the 2021 Mississippi State Fair. The survey instrument was amended from a previous study conducted by Nasers and Retallick (2009) in Iowa. Although most of the results corresponded with findings in similar studies, numerous recommendations were made that were specific to Mississippi farmers and agritourism operators.

The drastic growth in the tourism industry is continuously raising questions for destinations regarding competitiveness in today's global market share. For small island destinations, destination management in the terms of marketing is a crucial factor that defines the competitiveness and success of smaller islands in order to remain competitive and economically benefit in the fast growing tourism industry. The purpose of this study was to uncover specific marketing strategies that needed to be incorporated within small island tourism destinations. To fill in the knowledge gap within the marketing of small island tourism, a case study was conducted by examining the challenges and opportunities in two small islands, Öland and Gotland, located in Sweden. The findings of the case study revealed the significance of cultural tourism and its role in the marketing of the destinations. The cultural attributes include the importance of heritage and nature; by providing unique travel attributes that step out of the typical 3S (sea, sun, sand). The findings were looked upon from local residents, businesses, and local tourism organizations which both concluded that cultural attributes are important factors to consider to solve the seasonality challenges with a clear market segmentation in order to continually remain competitive.

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No description available.

En 2019, 1092 sites culturels et naturels sont inscrits sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO, dont l’arrondissement historique du Vieux-Québec (inscrit en 1985). Chaque année, de nouveaux sites y sont inscrits afin d’être protégés, conservés et mis en valeur. Ces sites, mondialement reconnus, attirent les touristes de partout dans le monde. Toutefois, plusieurs études scientifiques permettent de constater que les visiteurs des sites du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO manquent de connaissances à ce sujet. Que ce soit dans les sites culturels ou naturels, peu de visiteurs connaissent ce label et encore moins les critères ayant permis aux sites d’être inscrit sur la liste. Cette étude exploratoire a pour objectif principal de dresser un portrait des connaissances que possèdent les visiteurs à l’égard de la reconnaissance de l’arrondissement historique du Vieux-Québec comme site du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO. Pour y arriver, une enquête quantitative a été réalisée à l’été 2018 auprès des visiteurs de l’arrondissement historique (419 répondants). Les résultats obtenus permettent notamment d’observer que les visiteurs de l’arrondissement historique du Vieux-Québec connaissent le terme « patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO » sans toutefois connaitre les critères ayant permis l’obtention de cette mention. On constate également que le fait de connaitre le terme « patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO » n’influencerait pas significativement les participants lorsqu’ils choisissent une destination de voyage ou encore un site à visiter. De plus, pour les visiteurs, la mention du patrimoine mondial est principalement une garantie quant à la protection du site, à son authenticité et à sa beauté. Sur le plan de l’expérience touristique, la mention du patrimoine mondial devrait se traduire surtout dans une mise à disposition d’informations historiques. Informer les visiteurs des critères justifiant la mention du patrimoine mondial permettrait d’approfondir la connaissance qu’ils ont déjà. Les visiteurs seraient ainsi plus conscients de la valeur patrimoniale du site, de l’importance de le conserver et de la pertinence de le visiter.

The value of tourism as a driver of economic and social development in Africa cannot be overstated. Tourism is regarded as a source of foreign currency, employment creation and more importantly, a means of achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Notwithstanding its contributions, many African countries are yet to reap the full benefits of the industry. While the current pandemic has adversely affected tourism across the continent, it has also created opportunities for rural tourism. Rural destinations in Southern Africa could tap from this new trend as local and international visitors seek to experience open spaces and rural settings. Succeeding in these highly competitive tourist markets, however, requires effective destination promotion which can be achieved by ensuring that the projected image of a destination reflects its identity. By focusing on Nyanga, a typical rural tourist destination in Zimbabwe, Southern Africa, this study sought to analyse the projected destination image against its identity as perceived by the local community. To establish the projected image, a content analysis was done for Nyanga’s images as portrayed on the online platforms of the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority (ZTA), the official destination promoter. A total of 44 pictures were analysed from the ZTA website, Facebook page, Instagram, and Twitter handle. The destination identity was evaluated through semi-structured interviews with seven residents who were purposively selected through snowball sampling. Participants were also asked to give their opinion on the images of Nyanga that were showcased on the online platforms of the ZTA. This was done to ascertain whether the images were reflecting the true identity of Nyanga, from the perspective of the local community. The findings of the study reveal that there is a gap between the projected image and Nyanga’s identity. While the projected image emphasises on the natural environment and the portrayal of humans interacting with nature and each other, the identity is hinged on culture and religion. Elements relating to history, authenticity, and knowledge also shape the identity of Nyanga even though these aspects are not incorporated in the projected image. The study provides important insights for enhancing the promotion of Nyanga and creating opportunities for sustainable development.

In the United States, many, including those who are native-born and those who settle here, faithfully espouse the American Dream. Commonly, higher education is seen as the main pathway to achieve this and success more broadly. However, not much discussion or consideration is given to the processes by which immigrants and their children must adjust and settle into a new country, community, and schooling system in order to achieve entrance into institutions of higher education. Several factors influence the difficulties that immigrant and their descendants will experience, as well as the pathways of mobility available to them. Perhaps one of the most important factors affecting immigrants’ circumstances is the local context in which they are received. The primary goal of this dissertation is to uncover the factors facilitating Mexican students’ transition into higher education as well as how local context affects this process and their broader treatment in southeastern Pennsylvania and New York City. This dissertation addresses two main research questions: What factors and mechanisms facilitate Mexican students’ transition into higher education, and how does local context influence this process. The first question seeks to identify the resources and difficulties that Mexican students encounter in their educational trajectory in order to analyze how these students and their parents are being received in their communities of settlement and how this affects their mobility. The second question aims to specify the extent to which local circumstances influence not just educational attainment and mobility, but also discrimination and racialization. While much, namely assimilation, research has examined this group’s mobility and integration, it has not adequately theorized the effect of location on mobility and integration. Additionally, assimilation research prioritizes mobility and integration over discrimination and racialization. While research on Mexican’s discrimination and racialization is not as prevalent, it also does not focus on how location affects these dynamics. Taking existing scholarship’s inadequacies into account and since most research on US Mexicans is focused on those living in the southwest, it is crucial to investigate the mobility, integration, discrimination, and racialization that Mexicans experience in locations outside of the southwest. Given that this project is concerned with understanding young Mexican’ experiences with education and settlement, qualitative inquiry is employed because it provides an opportunity to intricately observe social life. Sixty individuals, thirty-five are 1.5- and second-generation Mexicans from southeastern Pennsylvania, and twenty-five are second-generation and undocumented individuals from New York City, were interviewed for this study. All Pennsylvania respondents attended the same university and all New York respondents attended the same college. Criteria to participate in this research included having parents who migrated to the United States from Mexico, attended high school in Pennsylvania or New York, and being enrolled in the selected college in each state. The latter two criteria are efforts to make sure that participants have spent a significant amount of time living or a significant phase of their lives—especially high school and the transition to college—in the states under investigation in order to gauge the coming of age and higher education experiences of young Mexicans in these new destinations Chapters two, three, and four encompass the empirical sections of this dissertation. Chapter two examines participants’ communities and schools in Southeastern Pennsylvania and New York City as well as their families’ characteristics. Such an examination demonstrates how students’ local circumstances have a tremendous impact on their (educational) mobility because this context is where other significant factors such as family, school, community, and social networks exert their influence. Moreover, local contexts as well as populations are shown to affect the types of resources and constraints that respondents encountered along their educational pathways. Time of migration and arrival by participants’ families in their respective communities also plays a vital role in respondents’ educational attainment. Participants’ transitions into young adulthood are also shaped by their local contexts. This chapter provides vital insights given its location-based analytical lens of educational attainment and young adulthood. Chapter three analyzes the ways in which respondents are racialized as Mexicans and immigrants. Here respondents’ experiences in their respective high schools, university, college, and southeastern Pennsylvania and New York City are looked at. As well as local context, local populations also influence the ways in which respondents experience racialization as well as various forms of discrimination and microaggressions. Respondents’ encounters with these race-based forms of denigration illuminate the multiple ways in which Mexican students’ transition from high school to higher education and beyond can be made more difficult, blocked, and ultimately stopped. Although respondents are educationally successful, this has not translated into structural assimilation. This chapter contributes toward the building of a context-based theory of integration and racialization. Chapter four addresses the main question behind this project: what factors and mechanisms facilitate students’ transition from high school to college. Across both locations, students’ entrance into institutions of higher education is aided by the presence of multiple factors working in different combinations for each student; mainly relationships with mentors, friends, and family as well as participation in programs geared specifically to help marginalized students gain entrance into higher education. Local context influences the amount and density of resources that students have at their disposal toward their entrance into college. Such factors are significant because of the ways in which they counteract or buffer some of the constraints, difficulties, and racialization that students encounter in their pursuit of higher education. For Pennsylvania students especially, it appears to be more useful to consider the theory of cumulative causation or self-perpetuation of international migration—where each instance of migration generates more social capital and consequently a higher likelihood of additional migration in sending communities—and not just assimilation perspectives to understand how Mexican higher education attainment occurs. / Sociology

yes / Residents are pivotal in the competitiveness of tourism destinations. Yet, their role as place-brand ambassadors needs better understanding, particularly in relation to social media, which directly link visitors to residents through user-generated-content (UGC). This paper explores residents’ roles as place-brand ambassadors on Twitter, using the case of Onomichi (Japan), where decreasing population meets economic dependence on tourism. From a content analysis of residents’ tweets, four distinct roles are identified, and corresponding types of content are mapped on a two-dimensional continuum based on direct vs. indirect word-of-mouth and the level of sentiment. Authors discuss implications for Destination Management Organizations (DMOs). Findings highlight the increasingly shifting role of residents towards being primary sources of place-marketing, especially due to social media, and as active proponents (rather than passive targets) of place-branding in the digital age. Such organic place-marketing may be the key to sustaining tourism in the face of rising anti-tourist sentiments worldwide.

Cette thèse reconstruit et analysent les trajectoires professionnelles des professeurs d'université de l'enseignement supérieur privé à Porto Alegre et de la région métropolitaine qui ont connu la démission de leur carrière universitaire. Il s'agit d'une étude explicative dont l'échantillon, pas probabilistes et intentionnel, se compose de 16 enseignants qui ont travaillé dans des établissements privés d'enseignement supérieur. Les données montre que: le développement de la carrière académique de l'influence positive des trajectoires professionnelles; à haute titrage, de doctorat ou une maîtrise, le temps combiné de l'expérience universitaire, a été essentiel pour le sort des professionnels de chemin vertueux à l'intérieur et en dehors de l'industrie universitaires, les enseignants licenciés, avec moins d'expérience et pas un autre emploi ou de travail, a moins bien les destinations pour ceux qui ont un degré plus élevé de l'employabilité, a démissionné de ressembler à eux-mêmes les processus dans la forme et les motifs, essentiellement des raisons économiques et politiques, la recherche de professeurs permanents dans des établissements conduit à la formation de ghettos institutions qui sont mus par des intérêts politiques, des réseaux de contacts professionnels aidé les enseignants licenciés à se réinsérer plus rapidement sur le marché du travail, la famille a servi de principal affectif, social et économique. Data analysis suggère que le licenciement des enseignants dans les trajectoires professionnelles provoquer une rupture dans les liens de confiance et le sens de la carrière académique, qui influent sur la virtuosité de sa destination. Il indique aussi qu'elles sont affectées par des facteurs, principalement, d'une cycliques, structurels et politiques et que l'action des enseignants n'est pas une réponse suffisante pour changer et commencer à trouver que les obstacles à leur performance professionnelle / Essa tese reconstitui e analisa as trajetórias profissionais dos professores universitários do ensino superior privado de Porto Alegre e Região Metropolitana que passaram pela experiência da demissão nas suas carreiras acadêmicas. Trata-se de um estudo explicativo cuja amostra, não probabilística intencional, é constituída de 16 docentes que atuaram em instituições de ensino superior privado. A análise dos dados mostra que: o desenvolvimento da carreira acadêmica influencia de maneira positiva as trajetórias profissionais; a alta titulação, doutorado ou mestrado, aliada ao tempo de experiência acadêmica, mostrou-se essencial para o destino virtuoso das trajetórias profissionais dentro e fora do setor acadêmico; os professores demitidos, com menor experiência e sem alternativas de emprego ou trabalho, apresentaram destinos menos virtuosos que aqueles com maior grau de empregabilidade; os processos demissionais são similares quanto à forma e razões alegadas, predominando motivos econômicos e critérios políticos; a busca da permanência nas instituições leva os docentes à formação de guetos institucionais que são movidos por interesses políticos; redes de contatos profissionais auxiliaram os professores demitidos a se reinserirem mais rapidamente no mercado de trabalho; a família atuou como o principal suporte afetivo, social e econômico. A análise dos dados sugere que a demissão nas trajetórias profissionais dos professores ocasiona uma ruptura nos laços de confiança e no significado da carreira acadêmica, influenciando a virtuosidade do seu destino. Indica também que estas são impactadas por fatores, predominantemente, de ordem conjuntural, estrutural e política e que a ação dos docentes não é uma resposta suficiente às transformações e entraves que passam a encontrar na sua atuação profissional. / This thesis reconstructs and analyzes the professional trajectories of university teachers of private higher education in Porto Alegre and the metropolitan area that lived the demission experience on yours academic careers. It is an explanatory study whose sample, no probabilistic and intentional, consists of 16 teachers who worked in private institutions of higher education. The data analysis shows that: the development of the academic career of a positive influence the professional trajectories; at high titration, doctoral or master's degree, combined time of the academic experience, was essential for the fate of the virtuous path professionals within and outside the industry academic, the teachers dismissed, with less experience and no alternative employment or work, had less righteous destinations for those with a higher degree of employability, resigned resemble the processes are similar in shape and reasons, mainly economic reasons and political criteria, the search for permanent teachers in institutions leads to the formation of ghettos institutions that are driven by political interests, networks of professional contacts helped the teachers dismissed to reintegrate more quickly in the labor market, the family served as the main emotional, social and economic. Data analysis suggests that the dismissal of teachers in professional trajectories cause a rupture in ties of trust and the meaning of the academic career, influencing the virtuosity of its destination. It also indicates that they are affected by factors, primarily, of a conjunctural, structural and politic and that the action of teachers is not a sufficient response to change and begin to find that barriers in their professional performance.

Cette thèse reconstruit et analysent les trajectoires professionnelles des professeurs d'université de l'enseignement supérieur privé à Porto Alegre et de la région métropolitaine qui ont connu la démission de leur carrière universitaire. Il s'agit d'une étude explicative dont l'échantillon, pas probabilistes et intentionnel, se compose de 16 enseignants qui ont travaillé dans des établissements privés d'enseignement supérieur. Les données montre que: le développement de la carrière académique de l'influence positive des trajectoires professionnelles; à haute titrage, de doctorat ou une maîtrise, le temps combiné de l'expérience universitaire, a été essentiel pour le sort des professionnels de chemin vertueux à l'intérieur et en dehors de l'industrie universitaires, les enseignants licenciés, avec moins d'expérience et pas un autre emploi ou de travail, a moins bien les destinations pour ceux qui ont un degré plus élevé de l'employabilité, a démissionné de ressembler à eux-mêmes les processus dans la forme et les motifs, essentiellement des raisons économiques et politiques, la recherche de professeurs permanents dans des établissements conduit à la formation de ghettos institutions qui sont mus par des intérêts politiques, des réseaux de contacts professionnels aidé les enseignants licenciés à se réinsérer plus rapidement sur le marché du travail, la famille a servi de principal affectif, social et économique. Data analysis suggère que le licenciement des enseignants dans les trajectoires professionnelles provoquer une rupture dans les liens de confiance et le sens de la carrière académique, qui influent sur la virtuosité de sa destination. Il indique aussi qu'elles sont affectées par des facteurs, principalement, d'une cycliques, structurels et politiques et que l'action des enseignants n'est pas une réponse suffisante pour changer et commencer à trouver que les obstacles à leur performance professionnelle / Essa tese reconstitui e analisa as trajetórias profissionais dos professores universitários do ensino superior privado de Porto Alegre e Região Metropolitana que passaram pela experiência da demissão nas suas carreiras acadêmicas. Trata-se de um estudo explicativo cuja amostra, não probabilística intencional, é constituída de 16 docentes que atuaram em instituições de ensino superior privado. A análise dos dados mostra que: o desenvolvimento da carreira acadêmica influencia de maneira positiva as trajetórias profissionais; a alta titulação, doutorado ou mestrado, aliada ao tempo de experiência acadêmica, mostrou-se essencial para o destino virtuoso das trajetórias profissionais dentro e fora do setor acadêmico; os professores demitidos, com menor experiência e sem alternativas de emprego ou trabalho, apresentaram destinos menos virtuosos que aqueles com maior grau de empregabilidade; os processos demissionais são similares quanto à forma e razões alegadas, predominando motivos econômicos e critérios políticos; a busca da permanência nas instituições leva os docentes à formação de guetos institucionais que são movidos por interesses políticos; redes de contatos profissionais auxiliaram os professores demitidos a se reinserirem mais rapidamente no mercado de trabalho; a família atuou como o principal suporte afetivo, social e econômico. A análise dos dados sugere que a demissão nas trajetórias profissionais dos professores ocasiona uma ruptura nos laços de confiança e no significado da carreira acadêmica, influenciando a virtuosidade do seu destino. Indica também que estas são impactadas por fatores, predominantemente, de ordem conjuntural, estrutural e política e que a ação dos docentes não é uma resposta suficiente às transformações e entraves que passam a encontrar na sua atuação profissional. / This thesis reconstructs and analyzes the professional trajectories of university teachers of private higher education in Porto Alegre and the metropolitan area that lived the demission experience on yours academic careers. It is an explanatory study whose sample, no probabilistic and intentional, consists of 16 teachers who worked in private institutions of higher education. The data analysis shows that: the development of the academic career of a positive influence the professional trajectories; at high titration, doctoral or master's degree, combined time of the academic experience, was essential for the fate of the virtuous path professionals within and outside the industry academic, the teachers dismissed, with less experience and no alternative employment or work, had less righteous destinations for those with a higher degree of employability, resigned resemble the processes are similar in shape and reasons, mainly economic reasons and political criteria, the search for permanent teachers in institutions leads to the formation of ghettos institutions that are driven by political interests, networks of professional contacts helped the teachers dismissed to reintegrate more quickly in the labor market, the family served as the main emotional, social and economic. Data analysis suggests that the dismissal of teachers in professional trajectories cause a rupture in ties of trust and the meaning of the academic career, influencing the virtuosity of its destination. It also indicates that they are affected by factors, primarily, of a conjunctural, structural and politic and that the action of teachers is not a sufficient response to change and begin to find that barriers in their professional performance.