Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The increased pervasiveness of information communication and technology and increasing internet access creates anticipation for how contemporary technologies can address critical developmental problems. Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death globally, even though more than 40% of the deaths are premature and avoidable. Diabetes is such a disease that causes 80% of non-communicable disease deaths in low and middle-income countries. Diabetes is also the leading cause of death in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Diabetes thus constitutes a challenge to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3 that focuses on health and well-being for all people, at all ages. The potential of technology, such as the use of m-health applications, is recognised as a means to advance the Sustainable Development Goals through supporting health systems in all countries.

The subject of the thesis is to elaborate the search study of the west four-line bypass of the town of Valašské Meziříčí. The reasons for constructing the bypass are to divert heavy transit traffic, to increase safety in the town and to reduce the negative impacts of transport. Road is designed as a category R21,5/100. Three Seven direction solutions were designed of which one was chosen by multi-criteria analysis for further solution.

The housing shortage is currently one of our most significant societal challenges and the low housing production levels is one of the reasons behind this. The slow planning process is often assigned part of the blame for this and appeals of decisions to adopt detailed development plans for new development is often accused for obstructing and delaying such new development. This study has aimed at clarifying how the right to appeal detailed development plans is being used in practice and – especially – by whom? Furthermore, the study has aimed to clarify what the outcome of the appeals actually is. All 292 decisions to adopt new detailed development plans taken by any of the 26 municipalities of the county of Stockholm in 2013 have been studied. The study has showed that about 27 percent of the decisions were appealed. However, plans of especial importance, either due to containing many housing units or being of special significance to society in other ways were appealed in much greater extent. For example, 5 000 out of the total 10 000 housing units planned were appealed. Furthermore, the study has shown that the people appealing are not representative for the general population neither concerning age, education, purchasing power nor country of birth. However, the appellants have turned out to have an equal gender distribution. The study has also shown that the appeals to a very limited extent jeopardize the implementation of the plans. Although 5 percent of the appealed decisions were revoked, only one was revoked as a consequence of something that an appellant had actually stated in the appeal. In the remaining cases the decisions were revoked due to some other reason "evident from the circumstances". Out of the 689 individual appeals made concerning the studied plans only one and a half per mille (1 of 689) resulted in a revoked decision due to a reason actually stated in an appeal. An additional 2 percent (14 of 689) of the individual appeals resulted in a revoked decision due to some other reason "evident from the circumstances". In all cases where a decision to adopt a plan has been revoked, the municipality has commenced a new planning process in which the municipality assert to meet the demands of the county administrative board or the court. However, no such assertion has been made concerning the demands of the appellants whenever these differ from the ones of the authorities. / Bostadsbristen är för närvarande ett av våra största samhällsproblem och det låga bostadsbyggandet är en av orsakerna bakom detta. Den långsamma planprocessen pekas ofta ut som en anledning till det låga bostadsbyggandet och överklaganden beskylls ofta särskilt för att förhindra och försena byggprojekt. Denna studie har syftat till att klargöra hur rätten att överklaga antagandebeslut för detaljplaner utnyttjas i praktiken och – framför allt – av vem? Vidare har studien syftat till att klargöra vad utfallet av överklagandena faktiskt blir. Alla de 292 antagandebeslut för detaljplaner som fattades i någon av Stockholms läns 26 kommuner under 2013 har studerats. Studien har visat att cirka 27 procent av antagandebesluten överklagades men att särskilt samhällsviktiga planer samt bostadsplaner överklagas i betydligt större utsträckning än så. Till exempel överklagades totalt 5 000 av alla de 10 000 bostäder som antogs. Vidare har studien klargjort att de som överklagar inte är representativa för befolkningen vare sig vad gäller ålder, utbildning, köpkraft eller födelseland. Däremot har de om överklagar visat sig ha en jämn könsfördelning. Studien har även visat att överklaganden i en mycket begränsad utsträckning äventyrar detaljplaners genomförande. Även om 5 % av de överklagade detaljplanerna upphävdes var det enbart en som upphävdes till följd av något som de klagande faktisk angett i sin överklagan. I övriga fall upphävdes planerna av andra skäl som "framgår av omständigheterna". Av de 689 enskilda överklaganden som studerats ledde endast en och en halv promille (1 av 689) till att planen upphävdes till följd av något de klagande angett. Ytterligare cirka 2 % (14 av 689) ledde till upphävande av andra skäl som "framgår av omständigheterna". I samtliga fall där detaljplanen upphävts har kommunen i fråga påbörjat ett nytt planarbete där man säger sig avse att gå länsstyrelsens eller domstolens synpunkter till mötes, dock aldrig de klagandes där dessa skiljer sig från myndighetens.

das Jahrbuch der Technischen Universität Chemnitz 2013/2014 / the yearbook of Technische Universität Chemnitz 2013/2014

En ökande befolkning kombinerat med en kraftig urbanisering gör att städer växer i snabb takt, både i världen i stort och här i Sverige. En växande befolkning ställer krav på ökat byggande och för att säkerställa goda förhållanden för framtida generationer är en hållbar stadsutveckling nödvändig. I synnerhet inom den ekologiska hållbarheten är åtgärder nödvändiga, detta dåbygg- och fastighetsbranschen har stor påverkan på kvalitén av luft, land och vatten. Branschen orsakar idag även ca 20% av Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser. För att minska miljöpåverkan har samhällsplaneringen en rad olika verktyg att använda sig av. Genom optimerad planering av den fysiska miljön kan transportbehovet minska, grönytor gynnas och användningen av moderna och hållbara tekniker underlättas. Ett viktigt redskap inom stadsplanering är detaljplanen som reglerar användningen av mark med juridiskt bindande verkan. Studiens syfte är att studera och analysera hur detaljplan enligt lag kan användas som ett verktyg för att möjliggöra en ekologiskt hållbar stadsutveckling. Detta undersöks genom att studera vilka typer av bestämmelser som enligt lag får användas, samt hur dessa, ibland begränsade möjligheterna, kan användas på ett sätt för att skapa möjligheter för hållbarhet. Syftet är vidareatt undersöka hur dessa möjligheter används i praktiken i aktuella detaljplaner. För att undersöka detta har inledningsvis regelverket studerats och därefter har en fallstudie genomförts i form av en dokumentstudie där relevanta detaljplaner i Stockholms stad granskats.För att på ett enhetligt sätt kunna jämföra de studerade detaljplanerna så har en analysmodell tagits fram med utgångspunkt i de miljömål som Stockholms stad satt upp. Med hjälp avanalysmodellen har detaljplanerna granskats, detta med fokus på hur planerna reglerar grönytor, hållbara byggmaterial och energiförsörjning samt hållbara transporter. Studiens resultat visar att detaljplanen är ett verktyg bland flera andra för att reglera hållbarhet i stadsutvecklingen. Isolerat fungerar detaljplanen främst för att skapa möjligheter för en hållbar utveckling, medan den har begränsade möjligheter att mer i detalj reglera och styra denna.Fallstudien visar att i de studerade detaljplanerna så används vissa av dessa möjligheter i stor utsträckning medan andra används ytterst begränsat. Detta ger en bild av att det finns mer stadens planerare kan göra för att i större utsträckning främja byggandet av en ekologiskt hållbar stad. / An increasing population combined with strong urbanization makes cities growing at a rapid pace, both in the world at large and also here in Sweden. A growing population results in anincreased construction demand and in order to ensure good living conditions for future generations, sustainable urban development is necessary. Particularly in ecological sustainability, measures are necessary, as the construction and real estate industry has a major impact on the quality of air, land and water. Today, the industry causes about 20% of Sweden'stotal greenhouse gas emissions. In order to reduce the environmental impact, the spatial planning has a number of different tools to use. Through optimized planning of the physical environment, the need for transports can bereduced, green areas can benefit, and the use of modern and sustainable technologies can be simplified. An important tool in spatial planning is the detailed development plan that regulates the use of land with legally binding effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze how detailed development plans can be used as a tool for enabling ecologically sustainable urban development. This is explored by studying the types of regulations that may be used by law, and how these, sometimes limited,opportunities can be used in a way to create opportunities for sustainability. The purpose is also to investigate how these opportunities are used in practice in the current detailed development plans. To research this, the regulatory framework was initially studied and then a case study was conducted in the form of a document study where relevant detailed development plans in the City of Stockholm were examined. In order to be able to compare the studied detailed development plans in a structured way, an analysis model has been developed based on the environmental goals set by the City of Stockholm. Using the analysis model, the detailed development plans have been reviewed, focusing on how the plans regulate green areas,sustainable building materials and energy supply as well as sustainable transports. The study's results show that the detailed development plan is a tool among several others to regulate sustainability in urban development. In isolation, the detailed plan works primarily to create opportunities for sustainable development, while it has limited opportunities to regulateand control this in more detail. The case study shows that the studied detailed development plans, some of these possibilities are widely used, while others are used to a very limited extent.This gives the impression that there are more the city’s spatial planners can do to promote the development of an ecologically sustainable city to a greater extent.

Boverket tog år 2015 fram allmänna råd om planbestämmelser för detaljplan. Ett av råden rekommenderar att lagstöd ska redovisas i anslutning till planbestämmelserna på plankartan, detta för att hantera problemet med detaljplanebestämmelser som saknar lagstöd i 4 kap. plan- och bygglagen. I examensarbetet studeras hur många kommuner som idag följer Boverkets allmänna råd och faktiskt skriver ut lagstöd i anslutning till planbestämmelserna. Samtidigt studeras skälet till varför en kommun väljer att inte hänvisa till lagstöd i plankartan och alltså inte följa Boverkets starka rekommendation. 41 kommuner har legat som underlag till studien och sammanlagt har 303 detaljplaner granskats. Som komplement till fallstudien har sex stycken planförfattare vid kommuner som antingen hänvisar till lagstöd flitigt eller inte alls intervjuats om ämnet i fråga. Resultatet av fallstudien visar på att få kommuner följde Boverkets allmänna råd år 2015 och 2016, då endast 9 respektive 47 procent. Idag hänvisar cirka tre fjärdedelar av kommunerna vid något tillfälle till lagstöd i plankartorna. Cirka en femtedel av kommunerna hänvisar till lagstöd i samtliga detaljplaner och en cirka lika stor del gör det inte alls. Små kommuner har en smärre högre tendens att ange lagstöd i sina detaljplaner och större kommuner har en något högre tendens att inte hänvisa till lagstöd över huvud taget. Av intervjuerna framgår att samtliga kommuner känner till och jobbar utefter Boverkets allmänna råd. men det i olika tappning. Hos de kommuner som inkluderar lagstöd i plankartorna anses det att råden skapar en enhetlighet i att ta fram detaljplaner och att inkluderingen av lagstöd inte påverkar arbetsprocessen nämnvärt. De tror att inkluderingen av lagstöd i plankartan skapar en eftertänksamhet när planförfattare formulerar planbestämmelser men att möjligheten att tolka in bestämmelser som saknar lagstöd inte går att undkomma trots laghänvisning. Av de kommuner som inte inkluderar lagstöd i plankartan anses laghänvisning inte nödvändig då det gör plankartan svårbegriplig och onödigt byråkratisk. De anser även att verkligheten inte går att reglera med ett det begränsade urvalet formuleringar på planbestämmelser Boverkets allmänna råd erbjuder vilket skapar situationer då det måste göra avsteg från lagens hänvisningar. De tror att laghänvisningar på plankartan skapar en falsk trygghetskänsla och att energin istället ska läggas på att ge en bättre utbildning av plan- och bygglagen till de som arbetar med att ta fram detaljplaner.  Slutsatsen av examensarbetet är att fler och fler kommuner hänvisar till lagstöd i anslutning till planbestämmelserna men alla kommuner lär inte göra det så länge valet är upp till dem. / To handle the problem with plan regulations which have no legal support in the fourth chapter of the Planning and Building Act, Boverket established 2015 common advices of plan regulations in detailed development plan, where one of the advices recommend that legal support should be declared along with the plan regulations on the planning map. In this thesis, the actual number of municipalities that today do declare the legal support along with the plan regulations will be investigated. Along with this study, the reason for why a municipality choose not to declare legal support in the planning map will be investigated as well. 41 municipalities have been chosen to serve as a basis with a total of 303 detail development plans. As a complimentary to the case study interviews were carried out with six detailed development planners in different municipalities. The result from the case study states that only a few municipalities chose to declare legal support along with the plan regulations year 2015 and 2016, only 9 and 47 percent. Today three quarters of the municipalities declare at some point legal support along with the plan regulations. Approximately a fifth of the municipalities declare legal support along with the plan regulations since the common advises were established and approximately a fifth have chosen not to.  From the interviews it appears that all municipalities know and work with the common advises but in varying measures. For the municipalities that do declare legal support along with the plan regulations they are said to create a uniformity in creating detailed development plans and that the declaring of legal support along with the plan regulations do not notably slow down the process. They believe that by declaring legal support along with the plan regulations it will create a thoughtfulness when phrasing plan regulations, but that the possibility to incorporate plan regulations that have no legal support will not be completely eliminated. The municipalities that do not declare legal support along with the plan regulations find it unnecessary due to it making the planning map appear complicated and unnecessary bureaucratic. They think that it is impossible to regulate detail development plans with a limited amount of plan regulations and that it only creates situations where you have to deviate from the law. They believe that it creates a false sense of security and that there should be more focus on the education of detail development planners instead.  The conclusion of the thesis is that more and more municipalities are following the common advice of Boverket but all of them will never do that, as long as it is up to them to decide.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Local government in South Africa is mandated by legislation to develop an Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and a performance management system to direct and ensure the delivery of services to the communities that the municipalities serve. The implementation of performance management systems to plan, monitor and evaluate service delivery is not a new concept for the public sector. The development of the IDP and performance management system is an integrated process that requires municipalities to be able to align the planning, monitoring and evaluation processes. These processes should be undertaken to ensure that there is improved provision of service delivery. If planning processes fail to integrate performance management in the IDP and Service Delivery Budget Implementation Plan (SDIBP), monitoring and evaluation processes will not inform the affected municipalities on areas that must be improved to achieve better service delivery. In South Africa the importance of implementing a performance management system that is aligned with the IDP is enshrined in local government legislation. The implementation of the legislation to realise alignment is achieved through a systematic approach that starts with the way in which a municipality is institutionally arranged to promote performance, as well as the processes of developing the IDP as set objectives, key performance indicators and targets, and undertaking monitoring and evaluation processes to measure whether the IDP objectives and key performance indicators are achieved. The research is a case study reviewing the alignment of the IDP and performance management system of the Capricorn District Municipality (CDM). The study used purposive sampling and literature review to investigate the extent to which the IDP and performance management systems of CDM are aligned. The study recommends improvements that the CDM can implement to align the IDP and performance management system better based on the policy and legislative framework requirements for integrated development planning and performance management. It also suggests processes to develop the IDP and performance management system of the CDM and assesses the extent to which the CDM performance management system aligns with, and monitors and evaluates the IDP. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika word deur wetgewing bemagtig om ‘n Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelingsplan [GOP] en prestasiebestuurstelsel te ontwikkel om rigting te gee en sodoende dienslewering aan die munisipaliteite wat hulle bedien, te verseker. Die implementering van prestasiebestuurstelsels om dienslewering te beplan, monitor en evalueer is nie ‘n nuwe konsep in die publieke sektor nie. Die ontwikkeling van die GOP en prestasiebestuurstelsel is ‘n geïntegreerde proses wat munisipaliteite in staat stel om die beplanning, monitering en evaluering in lyn met mekaar te stel. Hierdie prosesse moet onderneem word om verbeterde diensliewering te verseker. Indien beplanningsprosesse faal om prestasiebestuur te integreer met die GOP en die Dienslewering- en Begrotingsimplementeringsplan [DLBIP], sal monitorings- en evalueringsprosesse nie die betrokke munisipaliteit kan inlig rakende areas wat moet verbeter om beter dienslewering te bereik. In Suid-Afrika is die belangrikheid om ‘n prestasiebestuurstelsel te implementer wat in lyn is met die GOP, vasgelê in plaaslike bestuur wetgewing. Die implementering van die wetgewing om inskakeling te realiseer word bereik deur ‘n sistimatiese benadering wat begin by die manier waarop ‘n munisipaliteit institusioneel gerat is om prestasie te bevorder sowel as die prosesse vir ontwikkeling van die GOP as ‘n stel vasgestelde doelwitte, sleutel prestasie indikators en teikens en dan die moniterings- en evaluasieprosesse om te meet of die GOP doelwitte en sleutel prestasie indikators wel behaal is. Die navorsing is ‘n gevalle studie wat die integrasie tussen die GOP en prestasiebestuurstelsel van die Capricorn Distrik Munisipaliteit (CDM) ontleed. Die studie gebruik doelgerigte steekproewe en literêre oorsig om die omvang van integrasie tussen CDM se GOP en prestasiebestuurstels te ondersoek. Die studie beveel verbeterings aan wat die CDM kan implementeer om integrasie tussen die GOP en prestasiebestuurstelsel te verbeter, gebaseer op die beleid en wetgewende raamwerk vereistes vir geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsbeplanning en prestasiebestuur. Verder stel dit ook prosesse voor vir die ontwikkeling van die GOP en prestasiebestuurstelsel by CDM en bereken die omvang waartoe die CDM se prestasiebestuurstelsel inskakel met die GOP en dit ook moniteer en evalueer.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a stable economic environment and enabling macro economy, such as Namibia, a small and medium enterprise (SME) sector is vital for the growth and sustainability of the economy. Although several studies have been conducted on SMEs, to the best of the researcher's knowledge, no single study has been conducted with regard to SME development in Namibia with emphasis on the Khomas region. The aim of this study was to explore the progress made, during the last decade in minimising constraints faced by SMEs in key developmental areas, such as access to finance, sound management, business processes, marketing and strategic alliances. In order to adequately address these key developmental areas the research sought to address the following questions: What strategies should SMEs adopt in terms of management, finance, marketing and networking in order to ensure their future viability? What is the institutional capacity from the sample of 50 SMEs in the Khomas region? What are the likely capital and recurrent cost implications with respect to traders wanting to form alliances in the Khomas region? What potential problems are likely to emanate from the SMEs' venturing into the export processing enclave? The government of Namibia, in 1997, recognised the important role SMEs can play in the country's socio-economic development. A number of policy documents were issued to give clear definitions of small businesses and to stipulate government programmes intended to ensure that conditions are favourable and enabling for SMEs' growth in Namibia. This research study explores the impact of the process of development since the passing of the Government SME Policy in 1997. Furthermore, this research looked at policy documents on SMEs, national development plans (NDPs), millennium development goals (MDGs), other developmental goals and government policies relevant to SME development in Namibia. The analysis indicates that the majority (74%) of SMEs in the Khomas region are involved in general dealing, like footstalls, detergent makers and the service industry. According to the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI 1997: 29), lack of finance is widely regarded as one of the major obstacles to the development of more advanced small businesses. Most of the SMEs do not have sufficient funds to venture into capital intensive programmes like manufacturing activities. As a result, general dealing becomes a better option since it does not require large sums of money to start operating or to expand current operations. Financial institutions have stringent collateral requirements; therefore access to finance is regarded as a major limiting factor for SME growth in the Khomas region. The survey also concluded that most SME owners act as sole proprietors and try to perform all business operations by themselves. They usually fail to keep financial records, due to ignorance of its importance. As a result most SMEs do not know how much money they have used or profits made. This research investigated, concluded and made recommendations on the factors that have assisted or impeded SME development in Namibia, with emphasis in the Khomas region.

This study was a comparison of the perceptions of administrators and faculty members regarding the actual and expected role of selected components of a faculty development plan at Srinakharinwirot University-Phitsanulok, Thailand. The study also investigated whether the demographic classifications of administrators and faculty members were related to their perceptions regarding the actual and expected role of selected components of a faculty development plan. Forty-one administrators and sixty full-time faculty members completed the survey instrument. Statistical tests used to summarize and analyze the data included mean, standard deviation, t test, chi-square, and correlation ratio. The results and findings of this study showed that (a) there were no major differences between administrators and faculty members related to their perceptions of a faculty development plan; (b) faculty members perceptions of the actual and expected role of selected components of a faculty development plan were consistent to a greater degree than were the perceptions of administrators; (c) significant differences between the perceptions of administrators regarding the actual and expected role of selected components of a faculty development plan were found for only one item: study leaves; (d) there were significant differences between the perceptions of administrators and faculty members regarding the actual role of the following components of a faculty development plan: the Center for Faculty Development, upgrading faculty members, motivation, planning implementation and evaluation, informal enrichment program, and team teaching; (e) there were significant differences between the perceptions of administrators and faculty members regarding the expected role of the following components of a faculty development plan: the Center for Faculty Development, faculty morale, and academic exchange programs in cooperation with foreign organizations. Finally, significant differences among administrators' and faculty members' perceptions were correlated with demographic classifications of gender, age, experience at Phitsanulok campus, experience in other institutions, highest degree earned, faculty affiliation, personal goal in terms of an advanced degree, academic rank, place of attainment of highest degree, familiarity with the faculty development plan, previous experience using the faculty development plan, and level of satisfaction with position, salary, and teaching loads at Phitsanulok campus.

This thesis offers an overview of Personal Employee Development Planning focusing on its objectives and perspectives in current practice. Attention is paid to the employees' personal development in organization, relation between work performance management and personal development planning, main trends in the preparation of plans and the tools and methods used in the creation and realization of development plans. The thesis explores the benefits of personal employee development planning for the organization, and for professional and personal life of employee. The work is focused on defining the areas of the organization's approach to personal employee development, competencies and learning. It analyzes the process of creating personal development plans. The work contains a qualitative analysis of the results of survey conducted in eighteen organizations in the Czech Republic, focused on the use of personal development plans in practice. Future prospects and recommendations are proposed based on the results of the analysis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)