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Food use and nutrient intake were studied with Cree women of Wemindji and Eastmain, Quebec. Twenty-four hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires were used among three age groups of women and in two seasons. Age had an effect on the mean amount of traditional food consumed (p $<$ 0.0001). Species and amounts of traditional food consumed varied by season. Ninety-four percent of women exceeded 2/3 of the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for protein and 80% exceeded 2/3 of the RNI for iron, despite lower than recommended reported energy intakes. Calcium intakes of less than 1/2 the RNI were reported by 44% of women. Mean total fat intake reported by young and middle adults was greater than 30% of total energy. Qualitative inquiry into changing food use revealed that most women agree that traditional food use has declined for a variety of reasons, and that community residents should use more traditional food.

Undernutrition and dysphagia in the institutionalized elderly are well documented in the literature. However, the clinical efficacy of diets to treat dysphagia have not been established. To offer a better understanding of the textural characteristics of the new Sainte-Anne's Hospital (SAH) modified texture reformed foods, rheological evaluations were performed. Apparent viscosity, consistency coefficient, flow behavior index and yield stress values were calculated for the thickened beverages. Texture profile analyses were performed on the reformed foods. Secondly, to evaluate the impact of SAH's reformed foods on nutritional intake and weight, a 12-week clinical trial was undertaken. Dysphagic frail elderly subjects (n = 17) of a long-term care facility of Montreal were randomly assigned to receive SAH reformed foods or traditional care. The experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in nutritional intake resulting in significant weight gain. These findings suggest that dysphagic frail elderly could reach healthy weight when adequately fed.

Lake Winnipeg has the second largest walleye fishery in North America. The North and South Basins of the lake differ in many ways, e.g. water temperature, turbidity, and fish community. The study objectives were to determine if (a) growth, condition or diet of walleye, sauger or dwarf walleye differed between basins, (b) among seasons, and (c) whether the invasive rainbow smelt are associated with these differences. Walleye, sauger and dwarf walleye were caught using gill-nets and analysed for growth, condition and diet in all seasons. Walleye and sauger in the North Basin showed higher growth rates and condition than in the South Basin. Diet in the South Basin had more diverse species composition, whereas in the North Basin, the diet consisted almost entirely of rainbow smelt. Some seasonal variation was also documented and the impact of rainbow smelt seems to be positive for these piscivorous fish in Lake Winnipeg.

Understanding wolf (Canis lupus) food habits provides critical information for boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou; forest-dwelling ecotype) recovery strategies. By incorporating the stable isotope ratios of different caribou ecotypes into a stable isotope mixing model, I determined the relative importance of boreal woodland caribou in the summer diet of wolves in northern Manitoba, Canada. Boreal woodland caribou were primary summer prey for wolves collected in winter in registered trapline (RTL) districts where these caribou are considered rare, suggesting migratory behaviour in some wolves. Moose were primary prey in other RTL districts, followed by boreal woodland caribou, with beaver providing important contributions. Recovery strategies for woodland caribou should investigate annual wolf, caribou, and moose movement in the region to complement these findings and gain a better insight into this complex ecosystem.

ABSTRACT Collembola are known to feed on soil fungi, mycorrhizae and plant derived products. A recent study revealed that one species of Collembola, Protaphorura fimata, completely switched from decomposer to herbivore when live roots were present. The current study investigated the occurrence of diet-switching in Folsomia candida Willem. from plant detritus to live by examining its dietary preferences using stable isotope techniques. They were offering with live maize roots (C4 plant) in C3 soil, along with 15N enriched ryegrass litter and. Results demonstrated the presence of a partial diet-switch from detritus to live maize roots. Additional tests suggested that the diet-switch towards maize roots was a response to both improved food quality and greater food availability. The presence of live roots improved the body growth of F. candida and the incorporation of C from live roots into Collembola tissue suggesting

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