Introdução: A fortificação mandatória de ferro foi implantada no Brasil em 2004 com o intuito de combater a deficiência desse micronutriente. No entanto, alguns estudos indicam que o consumo excessivo de ferro pode estar relacionado ao desenvolvimento de síndrome metabólica, resistência à insulina e alterações do metabolismo lipídico. Objetivos: Avaliar a ingestão de ferro antes e após a implementação da política de fortificação mandatória, investigar a associação da ingestão de ferro heme, não heme e total com a síndrome metabólica e seus componentes, avaliar o papel da ingestão do ferro heme, não heme e total na resistência à insulina mediado pela interleucina-6, malondialdeído e leptina. Metodologia: Os dados foram provenientes de dois estudos transversais de base populacional (ISA-Capital 2003 e 2008), conduzidos em amostra representativa de residentes do município de São Paulo, de ambos os sexos e com idade superior a 12 anos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de recordatórios de 24 horas e utilizou-se um questionário estruturado para obter informações socioeconômicas, demográficas e de estilo de vida. Coletou-se amostras de sangue em jejum de 12h para as análises bioquímicas e aferiu-se pressão arterial, peso, estatura e circunferência da cintura. Os analitos avaliados foram glicemia plasmática de jejum, insulina sérica de jejum, triglicerídeos plasmáticos, lipoproteína de alta densidade, malondialdeído, proteína C reativa ultrassensível, interleucina-6 e leptina sérica. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando os softwares Stata®, versão 13 e Mplus®, versão 7.4, com nível de 7 significância de 0,05. Resultados: A média do consumo de ferro aumentou em todas as faixas etárias no período pós-fortificação. Houve uma redução superior a 90 por cento na prevalência de inadequação dos homens em todas as faixas etárias, no entanto, apesar da substancial redução nas mulheres em idade fértil (63 por cento ), estas ainda possuem alta prevalência de inadequação desse micronutriente (34 por cento ). Maior ingestão de ferro total (OR=3,98; IC 95 por cento =1,2113,12) e não heme (OR= 2,92; IC 95 por cento =1,10-7,72) foram positivamente associadas a hiperglicemia. Houve uma associação positiva entre maior ingestão de ferro heme com síndrome metabólica (OR=2,39; IC 95 por cento =1,105,21) e concentrações elevadas de triglicérides (OR=2,51; IC 95 por cento =1,065,91). A ingestão de ferro heme, não heme e total tiveram um efeito direto e positivamente associado às concentrações de interleucina-6 e negativamente associado às concentrações de malondialdeído. Observou-se um efeito indireto da ingestão do ferro heme, não heme e total na resistência à insulina mediado pela interleucina-6. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que os diferentes tipos de ferro estão associados a importantes fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Assim, o monitoramento da adição de ferro na farinha de trigo e milho é essencial para garantir uma ingestão ferro segura para toda a população. / Introduction: The mandatory fortification of foods with iron was initiated in Brazil in 2004 with order to combat this micronutrient deficiency. However, some studies indicate that excessive consumption of iron can be related to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and alterations in lipid metabolism. Objectives: To assess the iron intake before and after the implementation of the mandatory fortification policy, to investigate the association of haem, nonhaem iron and total iron intake with metabolic syndrome and its components, and to evaluate the role of haem, nonhaem iron, and total iron intake in insulin resistance mediated by interleukin 6, leptin and malondialdehyde. Methods: Data were drawn from two cross-sectional population based studies (ISA-Capital 2003 and 2008), conducted with a representative sample of residents of São Paulo, of both sexes and aged over 12 years old. Dietary intake was measured by two 24-hour dietary recall. Socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle data were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected after a 12-hour fasting for biochemical analysis and blood pressure, weight, height and waist circumference were measured. The analytes analysed were fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, plasma triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and serum leptin. All analyses were performed with Stata®, version 13 e Mplus®, version 7.4, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The iron intake mean increased in all the population in the post fortification period. The prevalence of inadequate iron intake decreased by over 90 per cent in men in all 9 analyzed age groups. Although despite the substantial decrease (over 63 per cent ), women in reproductive age remain with a high inadequate intake (34 per cent ). Higher total iron intake (OR=3.98, 95 per cent CI=1.21 13.12) and nonhaem iron intake (OR=2.92, 95 per cent CI=1.107.72) were positively associated with hyperglycaemia. There was a positive association between higher haem iron intake with metabolic syndrome (OR=2.39, 95 per cent CI=1.105.21) with elevated triglyceride levels (OR=2.51, 95 per cent CI=1.065.91). Haem, nonhaem iron and total iron intake had a direct and positive effect on levels of interleukin-6 and negative effect on malondialdehyde levels. There was an indirect effect of haem, nonhaem iron and total iron intake on insulin resistance mediated by interleukin-6. Conclusion: This study suggests that the different types of dietary iron are associated with major risk factors of noncommunicable diseases. Thus, monitoring of iron addition in wheat and maize flour is essential to guarantee a safe iron intake for all the population.

Objetivo Examinar a correlação entre fatores dietéticos, obtidos por questionário de freqüência alimentar (QFA) validado, e concentrações séricas ou plasmáticas de homocisteína (hcy), ácido fólico, vitaminas B12 e B6 em mulheres de São Paulo. População e métodos Foram analisados os dados dietéticos de 1.434 mulheres de 21 a 65 anos de um estudo caso-controle sobre consumo alimentar e lesões neoplásicas do colo uterino realizado em três hospitais públicos da cidade de São Paulo, excluindo-se os casos de câncer invasivo. Todas participantes tiveram sua ingestão alimentar usual avaliada por entrevista, usando um QFA, e forneceram amostras sangüíneas em jejum para separação de plasma e soro. Concentrações séricas de ácido fólico e vitamina B12 séricos foram analisadas por técnica de fluoroimunoensaio, enquanto concentrações plasmáticas de hcy e vitamina B6 foram analisadas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Performance em fase reversa. Correlações entre ingestão estimada de nutrientes, ajustados pelas calorias totais, e alimentos com as variáveis bioquímicas foram avaliadas em modelos de regressão linear múltiplos, após ajuste para co-variáveis, tais como idade, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), estilo de vida (incluindo tabagismo), morbidade ginecológica pregressa ou atual, história obstétrica e uso de anticoncepcional oral. Resultados Embora apenas 6,2% das participantes do estudo tenham apresentado concentrações séricas de ácido fólico abaixo do valor de referência (7 nmol/L), 45,7% e em 97,1% tiveram um consumo estimado de folato inferior a 180 ug/dia e 400 ug/dia, respectivamente. Modelos de regressão múltiplos mostraram correlação positiva entre ácido fólico sérico e ingestão estimada de proteína, ferro, folato, vitaminas B1, B3, B6, A, C e frutas/sucos cítricos e de vegetais verdes, e correlação inversa entre ácido fólico sérico e consumo estimado de gorduras, doces e leite e derivados. Resultados similares foram obtidos após ajuste adicional para fibra da dieta, exceto com consumo de folato e de vegetais verdes, que perderam a significância estatística como preditores independentes das concentrações séricas de ácido fólico. Concentrações séricas de vitamina B12 abaixo do ponto de corte de 148 pmol/L foram observadas em 11,0% da amostra; a maioria delas (70,4%) apresentou ingestão estimada de vitamina B12 igual ou superior à recomendação (2 ug/dia). As concentrações séricas de vitamina B12 foram positivamente correlacionadas com consumo estimado de produtos lácteos e das vitaminas B2 e B12. A ingestão de fibra, vitamina E e leguminosas foi inversamente correlacionada com as concentrações séricas de vitamina B12. Ingestão de vitamina B6 abaixo das recomendações de 1,3 mg/dia (&#8804;50 anos) e 1,5 mg/dia (>50 anos) foi observada em 49% das participantes. Nenhuma correlação foi encontrada entre dados da dieta e concentrações plasmáticas de vitamina B6. As concentrações plasmáticas de hcy foram positivamente correlacionadas com o consumo estimado de carboidratos e doces, e inversamente correlacionadas com o consumo estimado de proteína, colesterol, ferro, zinco de origem animal, vitaminas A, B2, B12 e B6, e pescados. Entretanto, essas correlações perderam a significância após ajuste adicional por proteína da dieta, um dos mais fortes preditores das concentrações plasmáticas de hcy. Conclusão Nutrientes e alimentos selecionados da dieta mostraram-se preditores independentes das concentrações séricas de ácido fólico e de vitamina B12, indicando as principais fontes alimentares desses nutrientes nesta população e em outras similares. A forte correlação negativa entre concentração plasmática de Hcy e proteína da dieta sugere base para o planejamento de futuras intervenções nutricionais. Nenhuma correlação foi observada entre concentração plasmática de vitamina B6 e fatores dietéticos estimados. / Objective To examine whether measurements of dietary intakes, obtained with a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), correlated with serum or plasma levels of folic acid, vitamins B12 and B6 and homocystein (hcy) measured in low-income women living in São Paulo, Brazil. Population and methods We analyzed dietary data from 1434 women aged 21-65 years enrolled in a case-control study of diet and cervical cancer carried out in three public hospitals of São Paulo. Data for women with invasive cervical cancer were excluded. All participants had their usual dietary intake assessed by interview, using a validated FFQ, and provided a fasting blood sample for serum and plasma separation. Serum concentrations of folic acid and vitamin B12 were measured by fluorimmunoassay, while serum levels of vitamin B6 and plasma levels of hcy were measured by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Correlations between estimates of food and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes and levels of folic acid, vitamins B12 and B6 and hcy were assessed using multiple linear regression models, adjusted for covariates such as age, body mass index, lifestyle (including smoking), past and current gynecologic morbidity and obstetric history, and use of oral contraceptives. Results Although only 6.2% of the study participants had serum folic acid levels below the reference value of 7 nmol/L, 45.7% and 97.1% had a dietary intake of folic acid estimated to be less than 180 &#61549;g/day and 400 &#61549;g/day, respectively. Multiple linear models showed serum folic acid levels to be positively correlated with the estimated intake of protein, iron, folate, vitamins B1, B3, B6, A and C, citrus fruits and juices and green vegetables, and negatively correlated with the estimated intake of fat, sweets and dairy products. Similar results were obtained after a further adjustment for fiber intake in the model, except for the estimated intake of folic acid and green vegetables, which lost their statistical significance as independent predictors of serum folic acid levels. Serum levels of vitamin B12 below the cut-off point of 148 pmol/L were found in 11.0% of study participants; most of them (70.4%) had their vitamin B12 intake estimated to be equal or greater than the reference value of 2 &#61549;g/day. Serum levels of vitamin B12 were positively correlated with the estimated intake of dairy products and vitamins B2 and B12. The estimated intakes of fiber, vitamin E and beans were negatively correlated with serum levels of vitamin B12. Dietary vitamin B6 was estimated to be below the recommended levels of 1.3 mg/day (age &#61603; 50 years) or 1.5 mg/day (age > 50 years) in 49.0% of study participants. No correlation was found between estimated intakes of foods and nutrients and plasma levels of vitamin B6. Hcy concentrations were positively correlated with the estimated intake of carbohydrates and sweets, and negatively correlated with the estimated intake of protein, cholesterol, iron, zinc of animal origin, vitamins A, B2, B12 and B6 and fishes. However, these correlations were no longer significant after additional adjustment for dietary protein, the strongest predictor of hcy plasma levels. Conclusion The estimated dietary intakes of selected foods and nutrients were shown to be independent predictors of measured serum levels of folic acid and vitamin B12, providing a basis for indentifying the main dietary sources of these nutrients in this and similar populations. The strong negative correlation between plasma levels of hcy and dietary protein provides a basis for future nutritional interventions. No correlation was found between plasma concentrations of vitamin B6 and estimated dietary intakes.

Abstract available through http://www.fasebj.org/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1037.5.

Obesity has increased during the past 30 years in the United States. Obese adults and children are at risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidities. Parents and child caregivers play key roles in the decisions of family health. Studies exploring sociodemographic and socioecological factors associated with obesity among U.S. Hispanic parents and child caregivers are lacking. Guided by the socioecological model, this study examined the following factors: gender; acculturation; dietary intake of fat, sugar, fruits, and vegetables; and role as food purchaser/food preparer that influenced obesity. A 3-paper-based survey, consisting of a demographic survey, the Block Fat-Sugar-Fruit-Vegetable Screener and the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (BAS), was used to collect data. The volunteer sample of 165 Hispanic parents/child caregivers residing in Aurora, Illinois, was recruited using venue-based sampling. Point-biserial correlations, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression were performed to test 10 hypotheses. Acculturation, as measured by the BAS non-Hispanic domain scores, was a significant predictor of obesity. Obesity increased 1.737 times with every 1 unit increase in acculturation BAS non-Hispanic domain scores. Multiple regression results showed that developing obesity was 2.46 times lower in males compared with females in the overall sample. These findings could be used to promote positive social change by influencing the development of culturally congruent obesity prevention, management, and treatment programs produced by educators and health professionals specifically targeting obesity among Hispanic women, which could further increase the overall well-being and longevity of Hispanic families in Aurora, Illinois, and beyond.

<p>The dietary intake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) have been estimated for Swedish children. A dietary survey performed in 2003, including 4, 8-9 and 11-12 year olds, and concentrations in individual food items were combined. The food included in the study was mainly of animal origin, consisting of fish and shellfish, dairy products, meat products, eggs, animal and vegetable fats and fats from miscellaneous food products. The medium-bound intake of PBDEs (9 congeners) were estimated to 23.0 ng/day, 30.9 ng/day and 27.7 ng/day for 4, 8-9 and 11-12 years olds respectively. The corresponding estimations for HBCD were 7.94 ng/day 10.7 ng/day and 9.46 ng/day for 4, 8-9 and 11-12 years olds respectively. These results show a higher daily intake for 8-9 year olds compared with the other age groups. However, when estimating the daily intake per kg bw, the intake decreases with age. BDE-47 contributed the most to the total intake of PBDEs, with approximately 40%. The food group contributing the most to the intake of PBDEs and HBCD was fish and shellfish, of which non-Baltic fatty fish was the largest contributor. There were no considerable differences between boys and girls in any of the aspects examined. The result from this study show a lower intake of PBDEs and HBCD in Swedish children compared with children in other studies made in Europe and the United States.</p> / <p>Bromerade flamskyddsmedel används för att skydda brännbara material från att fatta eld, till exempel skyddas textilier och plaster i bland annat elektronik, fordon och möbler. Två typer av bromerade flamskyddsmedel är polybromerade difenyletrar (PBDE) och hexabromocyklododekan (HBCD). Dessa är additiva flamskyddsmedel och blandas i materialet som ska skyddas men binder inte in i produkten och kan därför lätt läcka ut i miljön, vilket också har skett. Halter har påträffats i miljön och i biota långt från plaster där ämnena produceras eller används.</p><p>PBDE och HBCD har visats ha hormonstörande och neurotoxiska effekter i studier på råtta och mus. Thyroxinnivåerna sjunker vid exponering av PBDE och HBCD, vilket skulle kunna leda till sköldkörtelproblem och störd utveckling av bland annat hjärnan om exponering sker perinatalt. De neurotoxiska effekterna inkluderar inlärnings- och minnessvårigheter och ett förändrat beteende med hyper- och hypoaktivitet som följd.</p><p>Human exponering för PBDE och HBCD sker främst via födan och speciellt via animaliska produkter då dessa ämnen är lipofila, bioackumulerande och ofta biomagnifierande vilket gör att de påträffas i högre koncentrationer högre upp i trofinivåerna. Studier från bland annat Sverige och Finland visar att fisk och skaldjur är den största källan till intag av PBDE.</p><p>De flesta intagsberäkningar av PBDE och HBCD baseras på livsmedelskonsumtionen hos vuxna och visar följaktligen endast hur intaget ser ut för den delen av populationen. För barn, som är en av de känsligaste grupperna i populationen, finns inte många studier att tillgå, varken från Sverige eller andra delar av världen. I den här studien har därför intaget av PBDE (summan av 9 kongener) och HBCD beräknats för barn i Sverige.</p><p>I en rikstäckande kostundersökning utförd 2003 deltog barn i åldrarna 4, 8-9 och 11-12 år. De fick i en matdagbok ange sin konsumtion under fyra på varandra följande dagar. Data från denna undersökning kombinerades sedan med haltdata från olika livsmedel för att räkna ut intaget av PBDE och HBCD på individbasis. Undersökningen innefattade främst animaliska livsmedel och innehöll därför fisk och skaldjur, mejeriprodukter, köttprodukter, ägg, animaliskt och vegetabiliskt fett och fett från övriga livsmedel.</p><p>Resultaten visar att födointaget av PBDE var 23,0 ng/dag, 30,9 ng/dag och 27,7 ng/dag för 4, 8-9 respektive 11-12 åringar. Intaget av HBCD beräknades till 7,94 ng/dag, 10,7 ng/dag och 9,46 ng/dag för 4, 8-9 respektive 11-12 åringar. Detta visar att 8-9 åringar har det högsta dagliga intaget av PBDE och HBCD. När intaget beräknas på kroppsvikt däremot, har de yngsta barnen det högsta intaget som sedan sjunker med åldern. Fisk och skaldjur var den största källan till intaget av PBDE och HBCD, trots att konsumtionen av dessa livsmedel var relativt lågt. Det fanns ingen större skillnad mellan pojkar och flickor, varken i intag av PBDE eller av HBCD. Jämfört med de få studier som gjorts i andra länder, är det tydligt att svenska barn har ett lägre intag av PBDE och HBCD.</p><p>Undersökningen tyder också på att intaget av PBDE och HBCD hos svenska barn, utifrån de kunskaper vi har idag, inte utgör någon risk med avseende på de effekter av PBDE och HBCD som påträffats i toxikologiska studier. Däremot är barn i ett känsligt skede i livet och upprepad exponering samt exponering för flera miljögifter samtidigt skulle kunna påverka deras utveckling negativt.</p>

<p>This secondary analysis aimed to develop dietary scores to assess the dietary intake of pregnant women in the West Coast/ Winelands region and determine the association with LBW. Further to determine the association between the dietary scores and maternal socioeconomic and socio-demographic characteristics and maternal smoking and/or alcohol consumption during pregnancy.</p>

<p>This secondary analysis aimed to develop dietary scores to assess the dietary intake of pregnant women in the West Coast/ Winelands region and determine the association with LBW. Further to determine the association between the dietary scores and maternal socioeconomic and socio-demographic characteristics and maternal smoking and/or alcohol consumption during pregnancy.</p>

During adolescence, the nutritional needs are higher than at any other time in the lifecycle. Childhood food practices persist into late adolescence and children's food preferences predict their food consumption patterns. Therefore, it is important to understand what influences their preferences and how they change over time. The main objective of this part of the THUSA BANA study was to investigate the eating habits of children aged 10-15 years in the North West Province (NWP). A cross-sectional design was used to investigate the eating habits of the children. A single, random sample, stratified for gender (male/female) and ethnic group (black, white, coloured, Indian) was drawn from schools (primary/secondary) in the five regions in the NWP. Dietary intake data (24-h recall method) were used to evaluate the adequacy of nutrient intakes, while frequencies and mean quantities of food intakes and an eating habits questionnaire were used to establish patterns of intake to identify dietary practices. Overall the diets of children 10-15 years of age were deficient in various micronutrients. The RD/Al's were not met for vitamin A, C, E, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. The intake of fibre was low. Girls skipped breakfast more often than boys and children from informal settlements skipped breakfast more often than children from rural and urban areas. A significantly lower BMI was found for the children having breakfast when observing all the children, but not for different age and gender groups. The reason given most for skipping breakfast was not being hungry in the morning, but food availability which may have also played a role. The skipping of breakfast was associated with a lower diet quality. A low intake of fruit and vegetables and high intake of snacks were apparent. The intake of snacks, such as chips, cheese curls and sweets were reported more frequently than fruit or vegetables. Small milk portions and large portions of cold drink were reported, suggesting that cold drink is replacing milk in the diet. Overweight children consumed smaller portions of milk, though no correlation between calcium intake and BMI was found. Overweight boys consumed more carbonated cold drink and overweight girls consumed more squash, showing cold drink intake may be positively related to overweight. The snacks consumed were not nutrient dense and were consumed very regularly. The high intake of snacks may contribute to the low micronutrient and fibre intake. The importance of fruit, vegetables, milk, breakfast and high nutrient dense snacks needs to be emphasized with both the children and their parents. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

In the middle of the 1990s many adolescents became vegetarians. There was concern among adults about whether these new young vegetarians got enough energy and nutrients from their dietary intake. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence of young vegetarians, the food and lifestyle habits, dietary intake and nutritional status of vegetarian and omnivorous adolescents. The prevalence of adolescents eating a vegetarian school lunch in 124 Swedish secondary schools was investigated by interviewing matrons. Information about prevalence of vegetarians, food and lifestyle habits, of 2041 15-year old students from Umeå, Stockholm and Bergen, was obtained by a questionnaire. The dietary intake and nutritional status of thirty 16-20 year-old vegans were compared with thirty age, sex and height matched omnivores. Five percent of the adolescents (16-20 years) in Sweden were found to eat vegetarian food at school lunch. In Umeå there was a significantly higher prevalence (15.6%) of 15-year-old vegetarians compared with Stockholm (4.8%) and Bergen (3.8%). It was also found that more females than males (15 years old) chose a vegetarian dietary regime. Even though the female vegetarians consumed vegetables significantly more often than the omnivores, the intake (32 times/month) was not as often as might be expected of a vegetarian population. The male vegetarians reported eating vegetables not even once a day (25 times/month). No difference in the consumption frequency of fruits/berries, alcoholic beverages, sweets/chocolates and fast foods was seen between vegetarians and omnivores. However, female vegetarians more often than female omnivores consumed dietary supplements. Furthermore, lifestyle characteristics of vegetarians were similar those of omnivores regarding exercise, use of alcohol and smoking habits. No significant difference in validity of reported energy expenditure or energy and protein intakes was found between vegans and omnivores. Young vegans (16-20 year-olds) were seen to have a higher calculated intake of vegetables, legumes, and dietary supplements and a lower intake of ice creams, cakes/cookies, and candies/chocolate than omnivores. The dietary intake was below the average requirements of riboflavin for 73% of the vegans, vitamin B12 for all vegans, vitamin D for 43% of the vegans, calcium for 77% of the vegans and selenium for all vegans and 43% of the omnivores. If intake of supplements was included the intake of e.g. calcium and selenium was still lower than the average requirements for 67% and 73% of the vegans respectively. Low iron stores were as prevalent among vegans as among omnivores (20% and 23% with low stores) and three vegans had low vitamin B12 concentrations in blood. The findings imply that food and lifestyle habits of young vegetarians are different than what previous studies of vegetarians have shown. There is a need for future research of the long-term health effects of being vegetarian.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cl_me_arafcf.pdf: 612007 bytes, checksum: 205b15eafb3b20ed92b7460fb74d2b3c (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Unimep / A obesidade é uma doença estreitamente relacionada ao desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica (SM) e é fundamentalmente um problema de balanço energético que se desenvolve quando a ingestão de energia proveniente dos alimentos é maior que o gasto energético total. O gasto energético total compreende a taxa metabólica de repouso, o efeito térmico dos alimentos e os gastos com atividade física e pode ser medido pela calorimetria indireta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a relação da taxa metabólica de repouso (TMR) em mulheres obesas com os componentes da SM e fatores relacionados. O grupo de estudo foi constituído por 35 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 40 anos, que apresentavam um índice de massa corporal (IMC) maior ou igual a 30 kg/m². Foram excluídas as mulheres portadoras de diabetes mellitus, hipotireoidismo, gestantes, lactantes e aquelas em tratamento (medicamentoso ou não) para obesidade e dislipidemias, além das portadoras de doenças graves. Foram aplicados um questionário para obtenção de dados sócio-demográficos, três recordatórios de 24 horas em dias não consecutivos sendo um final de semana e três diários de atividade física, aplicados no mesmo dia dos recordatórios. O comportamento alimentar foi avaliado pela escala de compulsão alimentar periódica (ECAP). Dentre as variáveis antropométricas foram avaliadas peso, estatura, circunferência de cintura, quadril e braço. A composição corporal (percentual de gordura e massa magra) foi avaliada pela bioimpedância elétrica e a TMR foi avaliada por meio do analisador de gases VO2000 MedGraphicsÒ. Foram ainda dosados em sangue o colesterol total e frações, glicose, insulina, proteína C reativa e triglicérides. As mulheres foram agrupadas quanto à presença ou não de SM e em tercil de TMR ajustada para a massa corporal (TMR/MC)... / It is known that obesity, a disease closely related to the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS), is basically a problem of energy balance and develops when energy intake exceeds total energy expenditure. Total energetic expenditure includes basal metabolic rate, the thermogenic effect of food and expenditures with physical activity and can be determined by indirect calorimetry. The objective of this study was to relate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of obese women with MS components and related factors. The studied group included 35 women aged 18 to 40 years with a body mass index equal to or above 30 kg/m². Women with diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, severe diseases, women being treated for obesity and dyslipidemias and pregnant and lactating women were excluded from this study. A questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic data, three 24-hour dietary recalls in non-consecutive days one being during the weekend and three physical activity diaries administered on the same day as the 24-hour recalls were administered. Eating behavior was assessed by the binge eating scale (BES). The following anthropometric variables were assessed: weight, height and waist, hip and arm circumferences. Body composition (percentage of fat and lean mass) was determined by electrical bioimpedance and the basal metabolic rate was assessed by the gas exchange testing system MedGraphics VO2000®. The women were divided into groups with and without the MS and in BMR terciles adjusted for body mass (BMR/BM). The results showed that there was no significantly statistical difference between the groups with and without the MS regarding income, physical activity, presence of binge eating disorder, dietary macronutrient and micronutrient composition, energy intake, BMR, respiratory quotient (RQ), BMR/BM or MBR/LM. When the women were divided into BMR/BM terciles, BMR/BM was not associated with MS components... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)