The rapid development of regenerative medicine and the urgent need for cells which are able to modulate the immune system, or even differentiate into variable cell types, have led to the research of mesenchymal stem cells. The Sertoli cells, which are essential for the proper development of sperm in the testis, have a strikingly similar character. In the previous research, a cell culture expressing markers of mesenchymal stem cells and Sertoli cells from juvenile male testes of X. tropicalis was established. At the same time, the cells were modified by the introduction of gene for the red fluorescent protein (RFP) in their genome. The aim of this diploma thesis was to clarify their characteristics after microinjection to X. tropicalis tadpoles (allogeneic transplantation). For these experiments, it was necessary to develop a reliable technique for the preparation of sections, which won't be harmfull for the samples. Using the vibratome sectioning method along with immunohistochemical labeling, the cell culture has been found to contain precursors of Sertoli and peritubulare myoid cells.

Práce se zabývá postavením žen na trhu práce v ČR v komparaci s EU. První část diplomové práce se věnuje legislativnímu rámci rovných příležitostí mužů a žen v Evropské unii a České republice, jejich institucionálnímu zabezpečení a podává přehled o základních pojmech. Druhá kapitola se zabývá postavením žen na trhu práce v ČR a Evropské unii, kde jsou analyzovány základní ukazatele trhu práce se zaměřením na situaci žen. Další kapitola se zabývá nápravnými opatřeními a možnostmi zlepšení pozic žen na trhu práce se zaměřením na gender mainstreaming, pozitivní opatření a možnosti obrany proti diskriminaci. V poslední kapitole je analyzováno postavení žen na trhu práce ve vybraném regionu ČR.

Práce komplexně analyzuje, hodnotí, komparuje a vyhodnocuje zjištěné regionální disparity mezi srovnávanými regiony České republiky, Maďarska, Polska a Slovenska. Regionální diferenciace je prováděna pomocí vybraných ukazatelů demografické struktury, hrubého domácího produktu, rozpočtu domácností, trhu práce, vzdělávání, podnikatelských aktivit a dopravy.

Práce hledá odpověď na otázku, zda je účelná regionální diferenciace minimální mzdy v ČR na úroveň krajů. Shrnuji teoretické a praktické poznatky o minimální mzdě, historii jejího zavádění ve světě a vývoj v ČR. Provedla jsem analýzu průměrných mezd dle krajů ČR a odvětví OKEČ. Potvrdila se hypotéza, že rozdíly v průměrných mzdách dle krajů jsou způsobeny spíše rozdíly ve mzdách dle odvětví než rozdíly ve mzdách z důvodu umístění práce v určitém kraji.

This paper presents an example of price discrimination on the market for marijuana in northern Bohemia in 2006. First, a model for a multifirm market is built, with emphasis on the existence of two types of firms and two qualities good offered. It is shown that in the case of a dealer of two qualities of marijuana there is an incentive to raise the price of the more expensive quality and reduce the price of the cheaper. Using econometric estimates, price discrimination is found in accordance with the predictions of the model in the amount of about 50 crowns per gram.

Zootechnical and behavioural traits can vary substantially among wild allopatric European perch populations. Choosing wild European perch population(s) showing higher growth rate, lower cannibalism and size heterogeneity with specific behavioural traits such as low aggressive interaction rate and homogeneous spatial distribution in rearing units are crucial for the establishment of the European perch broodstock and subsequent selective breeding programs. Therefore, knowledge of the zootechnical and behavioural traits relative to geographic origin supported by genetic analyses may ultimately help to overcome current challenges and bottlenecks of European perch aquaculture. Population differences in zootechnical and behavioural traits can be shaped by genetic differentiation, phenotypic plasticity, or by their combination. However, it is not clear whether the inter-population differences are genetically- or environmentally-induced. Therefore, we explored the zootechnical traits of geographically different European perch populations at larval- (two Finish, two Polish, two Slovakian, one Czech; Chapter II) and juvenile-stages (Polish, Czech, Slovakian; Chapter III) in the same standardized conditions reducing the environmental effect. Additionally, we provided a genetic-based assessment on four mitochondrial markers: cytochrome b, D-loop of control region, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome oxidase I (Chapters II, III). In Chapter IV, we observed behavioural traits of larvae and juveniles from two Finish and one French populations. According to obtained results, zootechnical and behavioural traits differed among allopatric populations of European perch. Moreover, the differences in zootechnical traits were mainly observed between most genetically differentiated populations (both Finish in Chapter II, and Polish in Chapter III). This could suggest a genetic basis of the observed growth differentiation and, consequently, a potential heritability of this pattern. Additionally, higher growth rate of northern populations could be partly attributed to behavioural traits as we found more cohesive and homogenous group structure in both Finish compared to French populations which, on the other hand, showed higher aggressive interactions. However, European perch larvae and juveniles from genetically lower- or un-differentiated populations (i.e. Polish, Slovakian and Czech in Chapter II and Slovakian and Czech in Chapter III) showed variations in zootechnical traits as well. The variation could be a consequence of different food intake, health status, pre-collection environment, transgenerational effect and usage of conservative mitochondrial markers, i.e. the lack of genetic differentiation among some populations should be further assessed by higher resolution analyses (e.g. microsatellites). Further studies are needed to assess the importance of these factors in geographic differentiation of aquaculture performance.

9 Abstract Enhancers are distal cis - regulatory DNA sequences that regulate (enhance) transcription of the respective gene driven by its promoter. Enhancers are found in non-coding DNA upstream or downstream of the gene coding sequence, or in introns or coding regions that are located up to hundreds kb away from the gene. Superenhancers are newly discovered clusters of multiple enhancers that play a vital role in activating tissue-specific genes, determining cell identity and regulating differentiation. PU.1 is the transcription factor (TF) that is necessary for normal haematopoiesis, specifically for the development of myeloid and lymphoid blood lineages. Distinct levels of PU.1 induce differentiation of hematopoietic cells into different cell lineages whereby disruption of PU.1 levels leads to leukemogenesis. High PU.1 levels stimulate macrophage development, while intermediate levels stimulate the development of granulocytes. This diploma thesis seeks to contribute to addressing the interesting biological question of what are the regulatory mechanisms to ensure that granulocytic genes are activated only at the intermediate concentration of PU.1, whereas macrophage genes are activated only at its high levels. The aim of this diploma thesis was to create a series of reporter vectors carrying regulatory...

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Hematopoiesis is coordinated by a complex regulatory network of transcription factors among them PU.1 (Spi1, Sfpi1) and GATA-1 represent key molecules. GATA-1 and PU.1 bind each other on DNA to block each others transcriptional programs to prevent development of undesired lineage during hematopoietic commitment. Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, transformed erythroid precursors that are blocked from completing the late stages of erythroid differentiation, co-express GATA-1 and PU.1 and as my and others data document, are able to respond to molecular removal (down-regulation) of PU.1 or addition (up-regulation) of GATA-1 by inducing terminal erythroid differentiation. We provide novel evidence that downregulation of GATA-1 or upregulation of PU.1 induces incompletely differentiation into cell cycle arrested monocytic-like cells. Furthermore, PU.1- dependent transcriptome is negatively regulated by GATA-1 in MEL cells, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpa) and Core-binding factor, beta subunit (Cbfb) that encode additional key hematopoietic transcription factors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays identified PU.1 motif sequences near Cebpa and Cbfb that are co-occupied by PU.1 and GATA-1 in the leukemic blasts. Furthermore, transcriptional regulation of these loci by...