In this diploma work there are compared performances and the difficulty of gymnasts' routines (exercies) at the World level. In rhythmic gymnastics (RG) by monitoring and observation I am going to find out the reason, why the national team members the places in the fifth top ten gymnasts (athlets). In this work I am going to observe one of the best European gymnast A. Maksymenko of Ukraine, who regularly participates in the European, World Championships and in the Olympic Games, and the best Czech gymnast M. Míčková, the competitor without participation in the Olympic Games. Further I am going to observe one of the oldest Austrian gymnast, which is also the Olympic participant, but one of the last advancing, level is more similar exercises Czech gymnastics. By observing videos of gymnasts all around (exercise with hoop, ball, clubs and ribbon) according to the international rules of the RG, I am going to compare complexly the change of the rules which are valid in the contemporary olympic cycle and were valid in the previous rules of the last Olympic cycle. In this analyzes I am going to focus on the routines as a whole, from the perspective of the technical elements (difficulties), dynamic rotating elements with rotations under the apparatus (DER, "risc"), mastery handling, innovative handling...

The aim of the thesis is based on the existing approaches to the assessment of the difficulty of the task of teaching with a focus on ICT and computer science to design a methodology for determining the difficulty of the task and verify it on the model examples for elementary schools. The methodology will be to respond to the theoretical background, which are based, in particular, of the parameters, forms, functions, and the specifics of teaching jobs. Other theoretical basis for the analysis of the teaching jobs are from the known taxonomies, Focus group research method and statistical data processing. The empirical part qualitative research including the multi-round testing pupils Elementary school and the analysis of the data obtained.

Title: Comparison of individual gaming activities in a match and training process in football. Objectives: Comparison of success of selected offensive individual gaming activities in a match and training process in SK Slavia Prague, category U-11 and U-10. Methods: The success of individual gaming activities between training process and the matches was compared by the method of indirect observation using video records of three matches and test battery. Matches showed different quality, so their overall results were taken into account by the coefficients of difficulty. Test battery included six exercises focused on the observed individual gaming activities. Based on the collected score from the test battery and percentage of success of the match the interval scale was identified through the standard deviation. Both values were compared. Results: The investigation showed that the quality of the observed individual gaming activities in the training process largely reflected in the game. This is illustrated by the finding that five of the eight observed players obtained the same results in battery test and observed matches. Keywords: Diagnosis of individual gaming activities, test battery, evading opponents, passing, shooting, coefficient of difficulty.

Title: Training jumps difficulty in sport aerobics. Objectives: Jumps difficulty in aerobic sports athletes seems to be most problematic part of the performance for large demands on the technical implementation. Aim of this study will therefore analyze the technical and didactic jumps difficulty developing a methodology and training. The work can use coaches and athletes, as a methodological material to correct the errors in the current design practice new jumps and difficulty. Methods: After studying literature, focusing on sports and gymnastic training, I used the specific chapters related to the technique performed jumps in sport aerobics. Video analysis, I analyzed the reports selected category of racing sports aerobics usually classified in terms of difficulty of the jumps. Results: Analysis of the technical difficulty of execution jumps according to the rules of sports aerobics, I proposed a number of methodological training jumps selected difficulty. Finally, I have said frequently occurring errors in the implementation of selected jumps. The work could help improve the technical aspects of performance sport aerobics athletes to achieve better performance. Keywords: Sport aerobic, fitness aerobic, aerobic team show, jumps, jump training, elements of difficulty, sports performance, sports...

This thesis presents an analysis of Czech language textbook for 9th class published by Fraus. The intention of this thesis is to find some linguistic phenomena that hinder comprehension of the textbook. In the theoretical part describes the author general characteristics of the textbook and its functions, deals with studying from a text and defines the characteristics of the text and students. In the following section, a style of textbooks is characterized and specifics of the Czech language textbooks are described. The analysis of the textbook consists of several steps. First didactic equipment is analyzed and then the difficulty and semantic consistency of the textbook is considered. The second step is a complex language analysis of explanatory texts in which the author of the thesis focuses primarily on a text style, syntactic, lexical and graphic aspects. The explanatory texts that contain difficult language phenomena are completed with tests that determine whether students understand the text. The author of the thesis adds questionnaires that examine the functioning of this textbook in real teaching and learning and provide a subjective evaluation of pupils and their teacher.

L’objet de cette thèse est de mesurer l’impact cognitif d’un dispositif didactique sur des élèves de CE2 en difficulté d’apprentissage, pris en charge dans le cadre d’un RASED, au sujet de la résolution de problèmes additifs. Nous étudions comment, et avec quelle variabilité, les différents leviers du dispositif, volontairement conjugués et sous-tendus par nos choix théoriques, provoquent une évolution cognitive chez ces élèves. Cette thèse s’appuie de manière centrale sur les travaux de plusieurs auteurs psychologues et didacticiens, notamment : Vergnaud, Julo, Brousseau, Piaget et Vygotski. L’expérimentation porte sur 25 élèves, qui, par groupes de 4 ou 5, ont bénéficié de ce dispositif constitué de 13 séances de 45 min. Un pré-test et un post-test permettent une mesure de l’évolution de ces élèves. Les résultats montrent que ce dispositif permet, en général, de faire progresser ces élèves en difficulté, que ces progrès dépendent de leurs connaissances initiales, mais que ces connaissances n’expliquent pas totalement la variabilité des progrès constatés. Enfin, nous tentons de comprendre pour quels élèves nos hypothèses concernant la pertinence des différents leviers se vérifient. Pour cela, nous analysons dans le détail, au cours de chacune des 13 séances, les activités mathématiques et langagières de certains élèves représentatifs des groupes que nous mettons en évidence. Ainsi, l’apport de cette thèse consiste également à discuter l’intérêt et les limites de notre dispositif en fonction des élèves qui constituent le public pris en charge dans le cadre des RASED. / The aim of this thesis is to measure the cognitive impact of a didactic framework on the pupils of CE2 with learning difficulties, under the care of the Special Needs network (RASED), in relation to the resolution of problems in addition and subtraction. We are studying how, and with what variability, the different tools within the framework, deliberately selected in accordance with our theoretical models, engender cognitive development in these pupils. This thesis is centred around the work of several psychologists and educationalists, notably : Vergnaud, Julo, Brousseau, Piaget and Vygotski. The research is based on 25 pupils, in groups of 4 or 5, who benefitted from a programme of 13 lessons of 45 minutes each. Testing before and after allows the measurement of the progress of these pupils. The results show that the programme helps, in general, pupils with difficulty to make progress, that this progress depends on their initial skills, but that those skills do not completely explain the variability of the progress observed. Finally, we try to understand for which pupils our hypotheses regarding the relevance of different tools are verified. For that, we analyse in detail, during the course of each of the 13 lessons, mathematical and linguistic activities of certain pupils representative of the groups we are presenting as evidence. In addition, the focus of this thesis comprises also a consideration of the benefits and limitations of our programme in relation to the pupils who are the subjects under the aegis of the RASED.

1 Abstract: The main parameters describing content and the accessibility of information from textbooks are many aspects such as text difficulty and others. Individual characteristics of pupils - that are represented by chosen student preconceptions and misconceptions - also belong to key factors. The providing of the comprehensive view of the issues regarding analysis and the linking of acquired pieces of knowledge with the practical textbook creation have been the main aims of this dissertation. The creation of an instructional text follows the analysis results of the topic carbohydrates and their metabolism in chosen textbooks and the preconception analysis of biochemical terms. The instructional text respects the results of the analysis. The theoretical background of textbook creation (the functions of textbooks, their structure, content, characteristics and investigated parameters) has been described in detail in the theoretical part of this doctoral thesis. It is followed by the survey of the information concerning student preconceptions and the possibilities for their analysis and use in teaching. The aspects of textbooks use from the perspective of pupils, teachers and publishers, as well as the relation of the topic carbohydrates and their metabolism to curriculum documents have been described in...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa realiza uma investigação empírica sobre os custos indireto de falência da empresa da VARIG S.A.. Alguns autores consideram a relevância dos custos de falência como um dos assuntos ainda não resolvidos da Teoria Financeira e, se em algum momento estes custos são maiores do que seus benefícios, seu impacto na estrutura de capital passa a ser determinante na escolha da estrutura ótima de capital. Esse estudo propõe uma inovação, que é medir os custos de falência a partir do ponto de quebra da estrutura da série temporal. Como resultados, os custos indiretos de falência da VARIG demonstraram ser significativamente maior do que os valores encontrados por outros autores, tendo sido encontrados valores médios de 400% pelos dois procedimentos adotados. O valor estimado de mercado da empresa analisada, deteriorou-se significativamente à medida que se aproximava a data de solicitação da recuperação judicial. / This research makes an empirical investigation about the indirect bankruptcy costs of the company VARIG SA. Some authors consider the relevance of the bankruptcy cost one of the issues that have not been solved in the Financing Theory and, if at any time, these costs are higher than their benefits, their impact on the capital structure become a determiner on the choice of the optimal capital structure. This study proposes an innovation, which is to measure the bankruptcy from the breakpoint test structure. As a result, the indirect costs of VARIG’s bankruptcy demonstrate that these figures were significantly higher than the other figures found by other authors, having been found average 400% by the two procedures adopted. The estimated market value for the company analyzed deteriorated significantly as the petition of the judiciary recovery approached.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-03T12:32:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joâo Cândido Moraes Neves_.pdf: 1725890 bytes, checksum: 3ca8d300deeac94f8bd1dc3faf2e4d4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-03T12:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joâo Cândido Moraes Neves_.pdf: 1725890 bytes, checksum: 3ca8d300deeac94f8bd1dc3faf2e4d4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-02 / IFRS - Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul / A presente tese tem como objetivo problematizar um dos enunciados que integram o discurso da Educação Matemática Escolar: “Os alunos não aprendem Matemática por ‘falta de base”’. O estudo utiliza as seguintes noções foucaultianas: enunciado, discurso, verdade e regimes de verdade. O material de pesquisa analisado é constituído por enunciações de um grupo de bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), que emergiram de entrevistas, diário de campo e seus relatórios finais; e também por teses, dissertações e artigos acadêmicos do período de 1994 a 2013, disponíveis no portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e na mídia, que remetem ao enunciado objeto do estudo. A análise do material de pesquisa mostrou: 1) a recorrência de enunciações que vinculam a dificuldade em aprender matemática à “falta de base” dos estudantes; 2) O enunciado “Os alunos não aprendem Matemática por ‘falta de base’” está entrelaçado com dois outros enunciados presentes no discurso pedagógico: a) A matemática escolar é constituída por um conjunto hierarquizado de conhecimentos (que tem estreitos vínculos com o enunciado O conhecimento matemático apresenta-se hierarquizado); b) O currículo escolar é hierarquizado, isto é, segue uma ordenação linear. / This thesis aims to discuss one of the statements that is part of the discourse of School Mathematics Education: "The students do not learn Mathematics by 'lack of basic skills'”. The study uses the following Foucault’s notions: statement, discourse, truth and regimes of thruth. The research material analized consists of utterances of a college group of the Teacher Induction Program (Pibid), which emerged from interviews, field diary, and their final reports; and also for theses, dissertations and scholarly articles from the period of 1996 to 2014, available on the website of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel portal (CAPES) and the media, referring to the statement object of the study. The analysis of the research material showed: 1) the recurrence of utterances that link the difficulty in learning Mathematics to "lack of basic skills" of students; 2) The statement "The students do not learn Mathematics by 'lack of basic skills' " is interlaced with two other statements presented in the pedagogical discourse: a) The scholar Mathematics is consisted of a hierarchical set of knowledges (which has close ties with the statement - The mathematical knowledge is hierarchical); b) The school curriculum is hierarchical, thus, follows a linear ordering.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:32:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Aparecida Felipe Ferreira.pdf: 1489984 bytes, checksum: 9c46b690d788a4804b133b195ce9e778 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-22 / We know that the education is of odd importance for the formation of the citizenship. However, young and adolescent children with report of difficulty of the social education adjustment and with difficulty of learning of the school contents, they need appropriate effective actions from these public's characteristics. The present work has for purpose to approach the paper of the school, of the student, of the educator and of the family, in the process of the students' school and social inclusion with special educational needs. He/she will put emphasis that those labeled students, known as Attended Freedom (LA), that had passage in the House Foundation or in prison. The traveled road was made by the study of aspects of a located public school in the periphery of the city of Mauá in which we came across a quite arduous reality, with many confronts - from subjects of School Administration the lack of family structure. Due to the found reality, we can infer that is done necessary an urgent reformation of the school curriculum, investments of the publish politics in the education of Base, improvement of the work conditions in the public schools and teachers' of the net continuous formation, seeking that these can develop pedagogic competence in your multiples aspects. That managers and educators human beings, ethical, reflexive, competent and know how to work with the human diversity, doing of this, a possibility of mutual growth. Like this, it will be possible to conquer a world for ALL, where the inclusion can be really true / Sabemos que a educação é de importância ímpar para a formação da cidadania. Contudo, crianças jovens e adolescentes, com histórico de dificuldade de ajustamento socioeducativo e com dificuldade de aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares, necessitam ações efetivas adequadas às características desse público. O presente trabalho tem por finalidade abordar o papel da escola, do educando, do educador e da família, no processo de inclusão escolar e social dos alunos com necessidades educativas especiais. Dar-se-á ênfase àqueles alunos rotulados, conhecidos como Liberdade Assistida (LA), que tiveram passagem na Fundação Casa e/ou cadeia. O caminho percorrido fez-se pelo estudo de aspectos de uma escola pública localizada na periferia da cidade de Mauá, na qual nos deparamos com uma realidade bastante árdua, com muitos enfrentamentos desde questões de gestão escolar à falta de estrutura familiar. Diante da realidade encontrada, podemos inferir que se faz necessária uma urgente reformulação dos currículos escolares, investimentos das políticas públicas na educação de base, melhoria das condições de trabalho nas escolas públicas e formação continuada de professores da rede, de modo que estes possam desenvolver competência pedagógica em seus múltiplos aspectos. Que gestores e educadores sejam humanos, éticos, reflexivos, competentes e que saibam lidar com a diversidade humana, fazendo desta uma possibilidade de crescimento mútuo. Assim, será possível conquistar um mundo onde a inclusão de todos possa ser realmente verdadeira