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Shi-Shi國中八年級學生英文學習障礙分析 / The evaluation of the eighth graders' english learning difficulty in Shi-Shi Junior High School莊信賢 Unknown Date (has links)
This study was conducted to investigate the eighth graders’ English learning difficulty in the Shi-Shi Junior High School. Based on the previous researchers’ similar points of view, it is concluded that students’ learning difficulty is associated with three dimensions, including the school factors, personal factors, and family factors. The three dimensions were related to students’ English learning difficulty.
The research methods incorporated qualitative such as in-depth interviewing and quantitative methods such as descriptive statistics and T-test. 120 students participated in the survey, and ten students and three teachers took part in the in-depth interviewing. According to the result, such factors as the teachers’ teaching and explaining ways and their shortage of interest in English have led to students’ English learning difficulty. Female students are bombarded with more English learning difficulty associated with emotional problems such as their bias toward their English teachers and parents’ expectation. Students retrogressing in the junior high school encounter more English learning difficulty, including the gap between their English learning in the elementary school and that in the junior high school and their parents’ expectation. Too many exams, the usage of the present English textbook, the learning gap, students’ shortage of interest in English learning, their previous learning experience of failure, and their learning pressure contributed to the English learning difficulty of students with lower achievement.
Suggestions are offered based on the research consequence.
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O labirinto da dislexia = definições, diagnósticos e consequências na vida escolar / The dyslexia labyrinth : definitions, diagnostics and school consequenciesBaradel, Roberta Roque 17 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Irma Hadler Coudry / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T08:54:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: As dificuldades de aprendizagem são temas de estudos há muitos anos e muitos pesquisadores têm se dedicado a estudá-las e analisá-las. No século XIX, uma série de pesquisas se dedicou a analisar dificuldades relacionadas à leitura e à escrita, criando a necessidade de classificar e reconhecer sistematicamente suas características. Nesse contexto, o conceito de Dislexia surge e é estudado como uma nomenclatura específica à dificuldade com a linguagem escrita. Desde então diferentes análises e definições para este possível tipo de patologia co-existem e buscam-se diferentes teorias que deem conta de analisar as mais diversas manifestações das dificuldades de aprendizagem. No entanto, para este trabalho e para as perspectivas teórico-metodológicas aqui assumidas, orientando a análise de dados de linguagem, elege-se a perspectiva da Neurolinguística Discursiva (Coudry, 1986/1988), como pressuposto metodológico desta pesquisa, defendendo-se assim que "a língua resulta da experiência e do trabalho dos falantes com e sobre a linguagem". Com base nessa perspectiva, a dissertação de Mestrado em questão é resultado da análise de estudos longitudinais feitos com duas crianças que apresentam dificuldades relacionadas à leitura e à escrita. Por meio desse estudo longitudinal, dois respectivos conjuntos de dados foram reunidos a partir dos laudos clínicos (emitidos por neurologistas, fonoaudiólogos, psicólogos e psicopedagogos) que assumiriam possíveis déficits e das análises tecidas ao longo do acompanhamento individual dessas crianças. A partir disso, pretende-se, discutir e analisar quais são as diferentes definições e as principais práticas clínicas utilizadas para avaliar/identificar o que seria a Dislexia; a sustentabilidade dos laudos emitidos; as práticas e atitudes escolares frente ao diagnóstico, bem como a relação das crianças que apresentam este tipo de laudo com a leitura e a escrita / Abstract: Learning disabilities are study themes for many years and a large number of researchers have been dedicated themselves to study and analyze them. During the XIX century, several studies were developed to analyze disabilities related to reading and writing, creating the need to classify and recognize systematically their characteristics. In this context, the concept of dyslexia arises and it is studied as a specific term to the writing language disability. Since then, distinct analysis and definitions to this possible deficit coexist and different theories are then researched to analyze quite a few different learning disabilities manifestations. Nevertheless, for this piece of work and for the perspectives theoretic-methodological assumed inhere, by orienting the language data analysis, the perspective of the discursive neorolinguistic is chosen (Coudry, 1986/1988), as a methodological conjecture for this research, defending then that "the language is a result of the experience and also of the performance of the speakers with and about the language". Base of this perspective, this master's dissertation is a result of long run study analysis done with two children that present disabilities related to the reading and writing. By using this long run study, two sets of data were grouped from clinic reports (issued by neorologists, phonoaudiology, psycologists and psychopedagogs) that had assumed possible deficits and from the analysis discussed during the period when both children were accompanied. Besides that, it is the intent of this dissertation to discuss and analyze which are the different definitions and main clinic practices utilized to evaluate/identify what Dyslexia is; sustainability of the clinic reports; scholarship practices and attitudes based on diagnostics, as well as the relation between the children that present this disability with reading and writing / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística
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DIFICULDADE DE APRENDIZAGEM: A ESCOLA, O EDUCANDO E A FAMÍLIA / LEARNING DIFFICULTY: the school, the students and the familiesSilva, Kênia Ribeiro da 30 September 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-30 / Despite of innumerable studies about the theme difficulty in learning and exhausting
efforts, a long history of Education, to find explanations, of the causes of not being able
to learn, consider it relevant, still today, to address it, considering that this subject was
not yet enlightened. Once problems in learning persist and manifests in different ways
in the scene of Brazilian education. This work investigates this subject expliciting the
discussion of the difficulty in learning present in the pedagogical Brazilian since the
Republic. Considering on an analysis this facts, the concept of learning based on a
conception of Lev. Vigotsky on a cultural historic perspective, also on Bernard Chariot
about knowing and the relation that the person establishes with knowing, and the
explications on Philippe Meirieu about the process of elaboration of knowledge
begins. Discusses also the concept of Difficulty of Learning taking as reference
theoretical Pierre Bourdieu about the function the school in the capitalists societies.
Throughout the empirical research made in two public schools in Goiânia and the
starting from the method and the analysis the facts the present dissertation explicit as
the school and theirs educators, the students and the families understand, explains and
analysis the difficulty in learning and how it articulates between the cultural capital and
the academic knowledge required by schools in relation on the learning of the student.
The data show a pedagogical relationship between teachers and students fragile and
inefficient, whose teaching practice does not contribute to realization of a meaningful
learning.The school attributes the cause of learning difficulties to factors external to it,
thus contributing to the reproduction of educational inequalities and hence to social
inequalities. / Apesar de inumeráveis estudos sobre o tema dificuldade de aprendizagem e de
exaustivos esforços, ao longo da história da Educação, para se encontrar explicações
quanto às causas do não aprender, considera-se pertinente, ainda hoje, abordá-lo, por
entender que tal assunto ainda não foi suficientemente esclarecido, uma vez que os
problemas de aprendizagem persistem e se manifestam de diferentes modos no cenário
educacional brasileiro. Este trabalho investiga tal assunto, explicitando o debate sobre a
dificuldade de aprendizagem presente no discurso pedagógico brasileiro, desde a época
da República. Considera-se, para a análise dos dados, o conceito de Aprendizagem na
concepção de Lev. Vigotsky e de sua perspectiva histórico-cultural, os postulados de
Bernard Charlot acerca do saber e da relação que o sujeito estabelece com o saber e as
explicações de Philippe Meirieu para o processo de elaboração do conhecimento. Ainda
como referência é considerado o conceito de Dificuldade de Aprendizagem sob uma
abordagem sociológica, tomando como pressuposto teórico a formulação de Pierre
Bourdieu sobre a função da escola nas sociedades capitalistas e, em especial, o seu
conceito de capital cultural. Por meio da pesquisa empírica realizada em duas escolas
públicas municipais de Goiânia e a partir da sistematização e da análise dos dados
obtidos, a presente dissertação explicita como a escola e seus educadores, os educandos
e as famílias compreendem, explicam e analisam a dificuldade de aprendizagem e,
ainda, como se dá a articulação entre o capital cultural e o conhecimento acadêmico
exigido pela escola em relação à aprendizagem do educando. Os dados evidenciam uma
relação pedagógica entre educadores e educandos frágil e ineficiente, cuja prática
pedagógica não contribui para efetivação de uma aprendizagem significativa. A escola
atribui a causa da dificuldade de aprendizagem a fatores externos a ela, contribuindo,
assim, para a reprodução das desigualdades educativas e, consequentemente, para as
desigualdades sociais.
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A INVENÇÃO DA DIFICULDADE DE APRENDIZAGEM PELA ESCOLA / THE INVENTION OF LEARNING DIFFICULTY BY SCHOOL.Silva, Júlio Cesar da 11 September 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-09-11 / The present work, inscribed in the line of research Theories of Education and Pedagogical
Processes, aimed to explain how the difficulty of learning of children in schooling processes
is configured. This investigation was based on questions regarding the meaning attributed to
the concept of learning difficulty and the way in which the school conceives, deals with and /
or forwards children with difficulties. The theoretical contributions of Vygostky in his
historical-cultural perspective on learning and learning difficulties, Bernard Charlot on the
relationship with knowledge, Tiballi and Patto, on school failure, among others, formed the
basis of analysis and foundation of this work . Methodologically, field research was used in
three schools in the city of Goianira-GO, two public and one private. Procedures such as
interviews, referrals, questionnaires and the ethnographic type survey of school characteristics
were adopted. The pedagogical evaluation of learning and content evaluation was also used,
with the children referred by the schools as having significant learning difficulties, which
prevent the monitoring of school contents. Through the research, systematization and analysis
of the data obtained, we explained the relation between the teacher and the child with the
difficulty of learning. The results indicated that the children investigated do not have
difficulties that impede learning, but are stagnated in certain and different moments of
learning that, disregarded by the school in the process of teaching learning, end up allowing
the maintenance of situations of school failure. / O presente trabalho, inscrito na linha de pesquisa Teorias da Educação e Processos
Pedagógicos, objetivou explicitar como se configura a dificuldade de aprendizagem de
crianças em processos de escolarização. Essa investigação se estabeleceu a partir de
questionamentos referentes ao sentido atribuído ao conceito de dificuldade de aprendizagem e
do modo em que a escola concebe, lida e/ou encaminha crianças com dificuldades. Os aportes
teóricos de Vygostky, em sua perspectiva histórico-cultural, sobre aprendizagem e dificuldade
de aprendizagem, Bernard Charlot sobre a relação com o saber, Tiballi e Patto, sobre o
fracasso escolar, dentre outros, constituíram a base de análise e fundamentação desse trabalho.
Metodologicamente foi utilizada a pesquisa de campo em três escolas do município de
Goianira-GO, sendo duas públicas e uma privada. Foram adotados procedimentos como
entrevista, encaminhamentos, questionários e levantamento do tipo etnográfico das
características das escolas. Utilizou-se também da avaliação pedagógica da aprendizagem e
avaliação de conteúdos, com as crianças encaminhadas pelas escolas como detentoras de
dificuldades de aprendizagem significativas, que impedem o acompanhamento dos conteúdos
escolares. Por meio da pesquisa, da sistematização e análise dos dados obtidos, explicitamos a
relação do professor e da criança com a dificuldade de aprendizagem. Os resultados obtidos
indicaram que as crianças investigadas não possuem dificuldades que impedem o aprendizado,
mas encontram-se estagnadas em determinados e diferentes momentos de aprendizagem que,
desconsiderados pela escola no processo de ensino aprendizagem, acabam por permitir a
manutenção de situações de fracasso escolar.
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The effects of task fluency and concurrent reinforcement schedules on student choice allocation between math tasksZaman, Maliha 01 December 2010 (has links)
Students may avoid working on difficult tasks because it takes them longer to complete those tasks, which results in a delay to reinforcement. Research studies show that reinforcer and response dimensions can be manipulated within a concurrent operants framework to bias choice allocation toward more difficult tasks. The current study extends previous literature on concurrent choice assessments by examining the effects of reinforcement schedules and fluency interventions on the choice allocation between low and high effort math tasks. The study was conducted with 4 second graders in an elementary school. The choice assessment conducted prior to fluency training (Phase 1) examined the effects of enriching the reinforcement schedule for the high effort tasks on student choice. During fluency training (Phase 2), strategies to increase fluency rates on high effort tasks were implemented. The choice assessment following fluency training (Phase 3) examined changes in choice pattern when the same choice alternatives were available as in Phase 1. A concurrent schedules with reversal design was used to identify student response allocation to tasks under different reinforcement conditions during the choice assessments. The fluency training phase was conducted as a case study design. The three important findings of this study were: (a) prior to fluency training, the 4 students allocated more time to low effort tasks when equal reinforcement was provided for both types of math tasks; the students then shifted to high effort tasks as the reinforcement schedule was enriched for these tasks; (b) fluency training strategies were effective in increasing the rate at which high effort tasks were accurately completed; and (c) all 4 students switched more quickly to high effort tasks following fluency training. Implications for educators are discussed.
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A psicopedagogia no contexto escolar : um estudo em Grupos de Apoio / The psycho educational in the school context : a study in Support GoupsCassiani, Simone 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Rosely Palermo Brenelli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:59:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Os objetivos centrais da presente investigação foram descrever a atuação psicopedagógica em grupos de apoio para alunos com dificuldade de aprendizagem numa rede municipal de ensino do interior do Estado de São Paulo e verificar se esses alunos encaminhados apresentaram evolução no rendimento escolar. Por ser uma pesquisa documental foram utilizados documentos e registros de 07 (sete) escolas de Ensino Fundamental, referentes a 128 (cento e vinte e oito) alunos de 1ª e 2ª séries que freqüentaram o Grupo de Apoio, em 2006 (dois mil e seis), por no mínimo três bimestres, cujas dificuldades se centravam nas áreas de Língua Portuguesa e de Matemática. Os documentos e descrições permitiram realizar uma análise sobre a forma de os professores encaminharem seus alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem aos Grupos de Apoio, caracterizando as dificuldades como genéricas e específicas. Os registros dos documentos possibilitaram considerar a atuação psicopedagógica de forma geral na rede de ensino, o acompanhamento específico aos professores do Grupo de Apoio e as capacitações oferecidas a eles. Com os documentos relativos às atas finais, o desempenho dos alunos e o resultado de promoção e retenção foram analisados. Os dados demonstraram que houve uma redução significativa nas dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos nos aspectos referentes à leitura e escrita e ao lógico-matemático, além de outras habilidades subjacentes ao ato de aprender. A atuação psicopedagógica analisada revela as atribuições da psicopedagoga frente às escolas, o enfoquedado à formação continuada dos professores que atuam com os alunos nos Grupos de Apoio e o acompanhamento direcionado junto ao professor destes grupos. O índice de promoção não alcançou a totalidade dos alunos encaminhados ao Grupo de Apoio, sendo 48,1% e 59,2% na 1ª e 2ª série respectivamente. Nesse sentido, não houve resultado estatisticamente significativo na recuperação de todos os alunos, entretanto as dificuldades de aprendizagem foram reduzidas na maioria das categorias quando comparadas entre o diagnóstico inicial e avaliação final do desempenho dos alunos, na perspectiva do professor da sala regular. Esses resultados revelam a importância do psicopedagogo institucional na orientação conjunta das atividades escolares. / Abstract: The main objectives of the present work were to describe the psycho educational performance of students with learning difficulties, attending support groups in a chain of municipal schools located in the country side of the state of São Paulo, as well as verifying whether such students showed any improvement in their academic performance. As a documental research, it was used reports and records from seven primary schools concerning one hundred twenty-eight students in first and second grades who had attended the support groups in 2006 for at least one semester and a half, whose difficulties were mainly in Portuguese Language and Mathematics. After analyzing the documents and descriptions, the teachers sent their students with learning difficulties to the support groups, pointing out as generic and specific difficulties. The reports also allowed to consider the psycho educational performance in a general way in the teaching chain, the specific follow up of the teachers working in the support groups as well as the professional qualifications offered to them. With the documents concerning the final minutes, the students' performance and the results of promotion and retention were analyzed. The data showed a significant decrease regarding the students' difficulties in reading and writing as well as in the logic of mathematics, apart from other learning skills. The psycho educational performance analyzed, shows the psycho educationalist' work on the face of schools, the importance given to the constant education of the support group teachers as well as the follow up of the teacher in such groups. The promotion rate did not reach all the students who attended the support groups being 48,1% and 59,2% in first and second grades respectively. This way, one cannot statistically state that all the students overcame their difficulties however, the learning difficulties were significantly reduced in most of the categories when comparing from the initial diagnosis to the final evaluation of the students' performance, from the view of a regular class teacher. The results show the importance of the institutional psycho educationalist working along in the school activities. / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestre em Educação
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Eficácia de um Programa de remediação fonológica e leitura em escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem /Silva, Cláudia da. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Simone Aparecida Capellini / Banca: Clara Regina Brandão de Ávila / Banca: Paulo Sérgio Teixeira do Prado / Resumo: A aprendizagem pode ser definida como um processo que ocorre no sistema nervoso central, em que são produzidas mudanças mais ou menos permanentes, que se traduzem em uma modificação funcional ou de comportamento, permitindo uma melhor adaptação do indivíduo ao meio como resposta a uma ação ambiental. O distúrbio de aprendizagem é uma expressão genérica que se refere a um grupo heterogêneo de alterações que manifestam dificuldades significativas na aquisição e no uso da audição, fala, leitura, escrita, raciocínio ou habilidades matemáticas. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em verificar a eficácia terapêutica de um programa de remediação fonológica e leitura em escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem. Participaram deste estudo 40 crianças de 2ª a 4ª séries de ensino fundamental do município de Marília-SP, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos de idade, sendo distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: GI: composto de 20 escolares sem dificuldades de aprendizagem da rede municipal de ensino público, subdividido em GIE (10 escolares que foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura) e GIC (10 escolares que não foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura), e GII: composto de 20 escolares com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de distúrbio de aprendizagem, subdivididos em GIIE (10 escolares que foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura) e GIIC (10 escolares que não foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura). Em situação de pré e pós-testagem, todos os sujeitos deste estudo foram submetidos à aplicação do Teste de Desempenho Cognitivo-Lingüístico nas versões coletivo e individual, seguido de avaliação da leitura oral e da compreensão de textos. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, utilizando o Teste de Mann- Whitney com o objetivo de verificar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Learning is a process that occurs in the central nervous system in which permanent changes happen, provoking functional or behavioural change. It allows an individual to adapt in the environment he makes part. Learning difficulty is a generic expression regarding to heterogeneous groups of modification that manifest relevant difficulty in acquiring and using hearing, talking, reading, writing and mathematical aptitude. Thus, this research aims verifying therapeutic effectiveness of the phonological and reading program of remediation in students with learning difficulty 40 students of both gender and ranging 8 to 12 years old, of the elementary school of Marília, SP, Brazil, participated of this study. They were divided in groups: GI - 20 students without learning difficulty subdivided in GIE (10 students that have being submitted to the program of remediation) and GIC (10 students that have not being submitted to the program of remediation); and GII: 20 students with learning difficulty subdivided in GIIE (10 students that have being submitted to the program of remediation) and GIIC (10 students that have not being submitted to the program of remediation). In previous and post testing situation, all subjects of this study have being submitted to the Cognitive-Linguistic Performance Test in the collective and individual version and submitted to oral reading and text comprehension tasks. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann- Whitney Test aiming at verifying differences of the groups of previous and post testing. They were also statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test aiming at verifying differences of both moment, previous and post testing, considered in the assessment of each group. Data were analyzed using Friedman Test aiming at verifying differences of the variables of each group. The results highlighted that GI presented inferior development comparing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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Eficácia de um Programa de remediação fonológica e leitura em escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagemSilva, Cláudia da [UNESP] 30 January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
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Previous issue date: 2009-01-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
silva_c_me_mar.pdf: 672543 bytes, checksum: 7bb45e582442ec02c8aa08741f19e790 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A aprendizagem pode ser definida como um processo que ocorre no sistema nervoso central, em que são produzidas mudanças mais ou menos permanentes, que se traduzem em uma modificação funcional ou de comportamento, permitindo uma melhor adaptação do indivíduo ao meio como resposta a uma ação ambiental. O distúrbio de aprendizagem é uma expressão genérica que se refere a um grupo heterogêneo de alterações que manifestam dificuldades significativas na aquisição e no uso da audição, fala, leitura, escrita, raciocínio ou habilidades matemáticas. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em verificar a eficácia terapêutica de um programa de remediação fonológica e leitura em escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem. Participaram deste estudo 40 crianças de 2ª a 4ª séries de ensino fundamental do município de Marília-SP, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos de idade, sendo distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: GI: composto de 20 escolares sem dificuldades de aprendizagem da rede municipal de ensino público, subdividido em GIE (10 escolares que foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura) e GIC (10 escolares que não foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura), e GII: composto de 20 escolares com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de distúrbio de aprendizagem, subdivididos em GIIE (10 escolares que foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura) e GIIC (10 escolares que não foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura). Em situação de pré e pós-testagem, todos os sujeitos deste estudo foram submetidos à aplicação do Teste de Desempenho Cognitivo-Lingüístico nas versões coletivo e individual, seguido de avaliação da leitura oral e da compreensão de textos. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, utilizando o Teste de Mann- Whitney com o objetivo de verificar... / Learning is a process that occurs in the central nervous system in which permanent changes happen, provoking functional or behavioural change. It allows an individual to adapt in the environment he makes part. Learning difficulty is a generic expression regarding to heterogeneous groups of modification that manifest relevant difficulty in acquiring and using hearing, talking, reading, writing and mathematical aptitude. Thus, this research aims verifying therapeutic effectiveness of the phonological and reading program of remediation in students with learning difficulty 40 students of both gender and ranging 8 to 12 years old, of the elementary school of Marília, SP, Brazil, participated of this study. They were divided in groups: GI – 20 students without learning difficulty subdivided in GIE (10 students that have being submitted to the program of remediation) and GIC (10 students that have not being submitted to the program of remediation); and GII: 20 students with learning difficulty subdivided in GIIE (10 students that have being submitted to the program of remediation) and GIIC (10 students that have not being submitted to the program of remediation). In previous and post testing situation, all subjects of this study have being submitted to the Cognitive-Linguistic Performance Test in the collective and individual version and submitted to oral reading and text comprehension tasks. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann- Whitney Test aiming at verifying differences of the groups of previous and post testing. They were also statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test aiming at verifying differences of both moment, previous and post testing, considered in the assessment of each group. Data were analyzed using Friedman Test aiming at verifying differences of the variables of each group. The results highlighted that GI presented inferior development comparing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lingua estrangeira : entre a demanda de saber e o medo de ser / Foreign language : between the demand to know and the fear to beGarcia, Marcia Cristina Carvalho 13 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Rita Salzano Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T05:06:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho é uma reflexão sobre a dificuldade de aprendizado da língua inglesa, a partir do quadro teórico que toma a língua como estruturante do sujeito e que, por isso mesmo, considera muito importante a relação entre língua materna e língua estrangeira na aprendizagem desta última. A dificuldade é tomada como o que barra o aprendizado e é tratada como algo que antecede a possibilidade do "erro", pois pensamos que o aluno que comete "erros" consegue, de alguma forma, por a língua em movimento. Buscamos refletir sobre o que se coloca em movimento a um dado sujeito quando ele é confrontado com o aprendizado de uma língua estrangeira. Acreditamos que a relação que o aluno estabelece com a língua estrangeira revela traços de sua inscrição na língua materna, articulada com aquilo que ela carrega de decisivo para o funcionamento do sujeito. Para falar a língua materna foi necessária uma identificação, que Freud chamou de identificação primária. Para falar a língua estrangeira, pensamos também ser necessária uma identificação, no sentido freudiano. Para falar a língua estrangeira será necessário que o sujeito seja capaz de se distanciar da língua que o constituiu, porém enfatizamos que ela sempre estará presente de forma latente, tendo em vista que a posição de falante, conquistada por meio da ascensão à língua materna, nunca é esquecida. / Abstract: This paper is a reflection about the difficulties in learning a foreign language. The theory underlying this reflection is the one which considers the language as the responsible for structuring the subject and for this reason considers the relationship between the mother tongue and the foreign language very important during the learning of the latter. The difficulty is considered as something that prevents the learning to take place and is thought as something that is previous to the possibility of making "mistakes". We believe that the student who makes "mistakes" is able to speak the language, in a certain way. We try to reflect about what is put in motion when a certain subject is confronted with the learning of a foreign language. We consider that the relationship that the student establishes with the foreign language reveals traits of his/her unconscious relationship of his/her inscription in the mother tongue connected with what it is considered of great importance to the subject. To speak the mother tongue it was necessary what Freud called as primary identification. We believe that to speak a foreign language it will be necessary that the subject identifies himself/herself with the foreign language. In order to be able to speak a foreign language the subject must be able to keep the mother tongue repressed. The mother tongue will always be present in a latent way. The position of the speaker, which was conquered in the process of learning the mother tongue, will never be forgotten. / Mestrado / Lingua Materna / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada
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La co-intervention à l’école primaire comme source de l’activité des professeurs ? : Contribution à une ergonomie de l’activité enseignante / Co-teaching in elementary school as source of the activity of the professors ? : A contribution for teaching activity ergonomicsCombes, Christelle 09 December 2014 (has links)
L’objet de la thèse est d’étudier l’activité de travail de professeurs engagés dans un nouveau dispositif : la co-intervention. En France, la réussite de tous les élèves à l’école primaire s’appuie sur un postulat : le travail collectif des enseignants fait évoluer les pratiques pédagogiques et améliorer les résultats des élèves. Les réformes éducatives se multiplient et conduisent à une diversification de la forme scolaire et une complexification du travail enseignant. Plusieurs projets expérimentent depuis plusieurs années la co-intervention, où deux enseignants travaillent ensemble au sein même de la classe. Notre recherche en ergonomie de l’activité enseignante donne à voir et à réfléchir sur la ré-organisation des milieux de travail et les motifs de l’activité conjointe dans les dispositifs d’aide en co-intervention, source potentielle d’une activité dialogique qui ouvre à de nouvelles manières de faire « possibles » et une transformation des pratiques. La co-intervention est une nouvelle situation de travail qui bouscule les dimensions collectives telles qu’elles existent pour un maître seul dans sa classe. Contrairement à l’affirmation institutionnelle, nos résultats montrent que co-intervenir avec un enseignant ordinaire ou un enseignant spécialisé ne produit pas forcément une activité conjointe ni un débat professionnel sur les manières de faire et de penser orientés vers les élèves en difficulté d’apprentissage. / This research aims at studying the work of teachers who are experimenting a new system : co-teaching. In France, it is widely considered that the academic success of all elementary school pupils relies on the teachers' collective work, which makes teaching practices evolve and improves pupils' results. Educational reforms multiply, leading to more diverse teaching methods and a more complex teaching job. Many projects have been experimenting co-teaching for severaly years, with two teachers working together in the same classroom.Our research in teaching activity ergonomics gives us some visibility and food for thought concerning a new organization of the working environment and the reasons justifying joint activity in those new ways to help the pupils in the school system. If co-teaching is a new work frame that allows to redefine what has to be done and how to do it, it then becomes the source of some dialogic activity that opens new horizons and new possible ways to work as well as changing practices. Unlike what the educational authorities are saying, our results show that co-teaching with a regular or a specialized teacher does not necessarily lead to similar joint activities, nor does it produce a professional debate on the ways of acting and thinking with underachieving pupils.
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