L’objet de cette thèse est de mesurer l’impact cognitif d’un dispositif didactique sur des élèves de CE2 en difficulté d’apprentissage, pris en charge dans le cadre d’un RASED, au sujet de la résolution de problèmes additifs. Nous étudions comment, et avec quelle variabilité, les différents leviers du dispositif, volontairement conjugués et sous-tendus par nos choix théoriques, provoquent une évolution cognitive chez ces élèves. Cette thèse s’appuie de manière centrale sur les travaux de plusieurs auteurs psychologues et didacticiens, notamment : Vergnaud, Julo, Brousseau, Piaget et Vygotski. L’expérimentation porte sur 25 élèves, qui, par groupes de 4 ou 5, ont bénéficié de ce dispositif constitué de 13 séances de 45 min. Un pré-test et un post-test permettent une mesure de l’évolution de ces élèves. Les résultats montrent que ce dispositif permet, en général, de faire progresser ces élèves en difficulté, que ces progrès dépendent de leurs connaissances initiales, mais que ces connaissances n’expliquent pas totalement la variabilité des progrès constatés. Enfin, nous tentons de comprendre pour quels élèves nos hypothèses concernant la pertinence des différents leviers se vérifient. Pour cela, nous analysons dans le détail, au cours de chacune des 13 séances, les activités mathématiques et langagières de certains élèves représentatifs des groupes que nous mettons en évidence. Ainsi, l’apport de cette thèse consiste également à discuter l’intérêt et les limites de notre dispositif en fonction des élèves qui constituent le public pris en charge dans le cadre des RASED. / The aim of this thesis is to measure the cognitive impact of a didactic framework on the pupils of CE2 with learning difficulties, under the care of the Special Needs network (RASED), in relation to the resolution of problems in addition and subtraction. We are studying how, and with what variability, the different tools within the framework, deliberately selected in accordance with our theoretical models, engender cognitive development in these pupils. This thesis is centred around the work of several psychologists and educationalists, notably : Vergnaud, Julo, Brousseau, Piaget and Vygotski. The research is based on 25 pupils, in groups of 4 or 5, who benefitted from a programme of 13 lessons of 45 minutes each. Testing before and after allows the measurement of the progress of these pupils. The results show that the programme helps, in general, pupils with difficulty to make progress, that this progress depends on their initial skills, but that those skills do not completely explain the variability of the progress observed. Finally, we try to understand for which pupils our hypotheses regarding the relevance of different tools are verified. For that, we analyse in detail, during the course of each of the 13 lessons, mathematical and linguistic activities of certain pupils representative of the groups we are presenting as evidence. In addition, the focus of this thesis comprises also a consideration of the benefits and limitations of our programme in relation to the pupils who are the subjects under the aegis of the RASED.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:32:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Aparecida Felipe Ferreira.pdf: 1489984 bytes, checksum: 9c46b690d788a4804b133b195ce9e778 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-22 / We know that the education is of odd importance for the formation of the citizenship. However, young and adolescent children with report of difficulty of the social education adjustment and with difficulty of learning of the school contents, they need appropriate effective actions from these public's characteristics. The present work has for purpose to approach the paper of the school, of the student, of the educator and of the family, in the process of the students' school and social inclusion with special educational needs. He/she will put emphasis that those labeled students, known as Attended Freedom (LA), that had passage in the House Foundation or in prison. The traveled road was made by the study of aspects of a located public school in the periphery of the city of Mauá in which we came across a quite arduous reality, with many confronts - from subjects of School Administration the lack of family structure. Due to the found reality, we can infer that is done necessary an urgent reformation of the school curriculum, investments of the publish politics in the education of Base, improvement of the work conditions in the public schools and teachers' of the net continuous formation, seeking that these can develop pedagogic competence in your multiples aspects. That managers and educators human beings, ethical, reflexive, competent and know how to work with the human diversity, doing of this, a possibility of mutual growth. Like this, it will be possible to conquer a world for ALL, where the inclusion can be really true / Sabemos que a educação é de importância ímpar para a formação da cidadania. Contudo, crianças jovens e adolescentes, com histórico de dificuldade de ajustamento socioeducativo e com dificuldade de aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares, necessitam ações efetivas adequadas às características desse público. O presente trabalho tem por finalidade abordar o papel da escola, do educando, do educador e da família, no processo de inclusão escolar e social dos alunos com necessidades educativas especiais. Dar-se-á ênfase àqueles alunos rotulados, conhecidos como Liberdade Assistida (LA), que tiveram passagem na Fundação Casa e/ou cadeia. O caminho percorrido fez-se pelo estudo de aspectos de uma escola pública localizada na periferia da cidade de Mauá, na qual nos deparamos com uma realidade bastante árdua, com muitos enfrentamentos desde questões de gestão escolar à falta de estrutura familiar. Diante da realidade encontrada, podemos inferir que se faz necessária uma urgente reformulação dos currículos escolares, investimentos das políticas públicas na educação de base, melhoria das condições de trabalho nas escolas públicas e formação continuada de professores da rede, de modo que estes possam desenvolver competência pedagógica em seus múltiplos aspectos. Que gestores e educadores sejam humanos, éticos, reflexivos, competentes e que saibam lidar com a diversidade humana, fazendo desta uma possibilidade de crescimento mútuo. Assim, será possível conquistar um mundo onde a inclusão de todos possa ser realmente verdadeira

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2292.pdf: 2599843 bytes, checksum: 0d075bccd32d97eafe170622fd62659f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-05 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / School has an important socialization role and social skills contribute to the socio-emotional and academic development and also behavior problems reduction. To maximize this contribution, universal social skills programs should be tested and disseminated in schools, with effective participation of teachers, main mediators of interpersonal relationships in this environment. For this, it is necessary to investigate a set of practicable procedures, techniques, and resources in the classroom, attractive for both teachers and students. This study examined aspects of a universal program effectiveness, conducted by the teacher, using the audiovisual resources RMHSC-Del-Prette, which has already proved its effectiveness in selective programs conducted by a psychologist. The practicability and effectiveness of the program were evaluated in terms of: (a) impact on social skills, academic competence and behavior problems of all students from two classes, (b) impact on the repertoire of three children from each class with low academic performance, also evaluated on an ongoing basis, (c) integrity of the intervention applied by teachers. Two teachers and their students participated in three classes of fourth grade in a private school. The students evaluation was different for each class, in Class 1 only students with low academic performance (n = 3) were evaluated and in Class 2 (n = 13) and Class 3 (n = 14), all the students were evaluated. All children were assessed before and after the intervention, through the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR) in its three versions. Before the intervention, the teachers were given a brief training course. The intervention program consisted of 11 sessions of 60 minutes each focusing on differents social skills and sequenced in complexity, which were previously evaluated by teachers. The results of SSRS-BR showed an improvement in Responsibility/Cooperation and Academic Competence in the overall assessment of students from two classes according to teachers evaluation; in Kindness and Self-Control and a decrease in Internalizing Behaviors (Class 2) according to parents evaluation. In relation to children with low academic performance, teachers evaluated that most children improved Responsibility / Cooperation and Academic Competence; the parents evaluated that children improved Global social skills Score, Cooperation and also decreased at least a score of Problematic behaviors; in self-assessment the children improved Self-Control. Data from continuous assessment of students with low academic performance indicated that most improved the quality of social skills after the intervention program. The intervention was implemented with integrity of 80% for Teacher 1 (Classes 1 and 3) and 75% for Teacher 2 (Class 2). In summary, the data indicated that the universal social skill program using the RMHSC-Del-Prette produced substantial changes, especially in cooperative behaviors in academic performance and behavior problems (parental assessment) when it was applied by the teacher, including children with low academic performance. It was found that, in implementing this program, the integrity equal to or above 75% was able to produce changes in children's behavior, however, the importance of teacher training and the importance of research about characteristics of the agent's intervention during the implementation of a program is discussed. / Pessoas com dificuldades de aprendizagem podem requerer recursos e estratégias educacionais diferenciados no ensino regular, tal como regulamentado pela política de inclusão, uma vez que apresentam desempenho acadêmico abaixo do esperado para a idade cronológica e série escolar em tarefas acadêmicas, influenciando o progresso escolar normal, o rendimento acadêmico geral, o desenvolvimento socioemocional e outros aspectos de ajustamento. Estudos sugerem uma relação entre habilidades sociais e dificuldades de aprendizagem, indicando que o Treinamento em Habilidades Sociais (THS) pode favorecer o desempenho acadêmico. Os programas de THS para escolares constituem uma alternativa relevante de ser investigada, em seus efeitos para o rendimento acadêmico e no desenvolvimento de recursos e estratégias de intervenção. Considerando a relevância de produzir recursos, para utilização no ensino regular, que auxiliem a população com dificuldade de aprendizagem, os indicadores negativos da dificuldade de aprendizagem na qualidade de vida e a relação exposta na literatura entre habilidades sociais e dificuldades de aprendizagem, esta pesquisa envolveu a elaboração de um programa de intervenção em habilidades sociais em contexto escolar e teve como objetivo a identificação dos efeitos de um programa de THS, que teve como base do procedimento a utilização das vinhetas de vídeo do Recurso Multimídia de Habilidades Sociais para Crianças (RMHSC-Del-Prette), sobre o repertório de habilidades sociais e acadêmico de crianças com dificuldade de aprendizagem. A pesquisa envolveu dois estudos que utilizaram os mesmos instrumentos e procedimento, tendo o Estudo I, delineamento experimental, e o Estudo II, séries temporais. O Estudo I teve como participantes 14 crianças com dificuldade de aprendizagem com idade média 9,4 anos, sendo 9 meninas e 5 meninos, que foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos, o Experimental (G1) e o Controle (G2). O Estudo II envolveu 9 crianças, 6 do sexo feminino e 3 do masculino com idade média de 9,5. Antes da intervenção, as crianças foram avaliadas por meio do Critério Brasil, Teste de Desempenho Escolar, Sistema de Avaliação de habilidades sociais (SSRS-BR) nas três versões de avaliação (pais, professores e autoavaliação) e Avaliação com role-play breve (RPB). Após a intervenção, as crianças foram reavaliadas somente com SSRS-BR e Avaliação RPB. Ao longo do programa, as crianças foram avaliadas por meio da Avaliação RPB, a fim de identificar seus progressos. Foram realizadas 22 sessões de intervenção no Estudo I e 20 no Estudo II, todas com duração de 70 minutos. Durante a intervenção utilizou-se o RMHSC-Del-Prette que contém vinhetas de vídeo para a promoção de habilidades sociais, conforme sugestão de uso dos autores. O procedimento de intervenção incluiu a apresentação das vinhetas de vídeo com discussões, atividades lúdicas e utilização de técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais como reforçamento, modelagem, modelação, role-play etc. No Estudo I, análises inferenciais indicaram que G1 apresentou ganhos estatisticamente maiores em habilidades sociais e competência acadêmica quando comparado ao G2, segundo os três informantes. Em relação à avaliação contínua, foi possível verificar que à medida que as habilidades sociais eram ensinadas os participantes as adquiriram e as mantiveram ao longo do THS. Comparando G1 e G2 nas avaliações contínuas pode-se observar que os participantes do G1 apresentaram melhor desempenho em todas as classes após a intervenção. No Estudo II, após a intervenção, G3 apresentou aumento na freqüência de habilidades sociais nas avaliações dos três informantes. Nas avaliações contínuas mostraram que após o ensino de cada classe os participantes adquiriram e/ou aperfeiçoaram as habilidades sociais. Concluiu-se que o procedimento de intervenção com a utilização das vinhetas de vídeo foi capaz de produzir mudanças no repertório de habilidades sociais e competência acadêmica de crianças com dificuldade de aprendizagem e pode ser sugerido como base para intervenções preventivas do tipo universais em salas de aulas.

This study aims to investigate and compare in-service and pre-service teachers confidence and knowledge regarding dyslexia. In order to investigate this, two research questions are formulated: 1) We seek to identify differences in the way that in-service and pre-service teachers perceive their own competency in dealing with and accommodating the needs of students with dyslexia in the English classroom. 2) We seek to identify differences in the knowledge that in-service and pre-service teachers have in the areas touched upon in the first research question. In addition to these two research questions two hypotheses are made regarding the expected results. (a) That in-service teachers will have greatly larger knowledge regarding dyslexia while, (b) teacher educations does not provide pre-service teachers with enough information and tools to aid dyslexic students. To find an answer to these research questions, a questionnaire is created and sent to in-service teachers working in southern Skåne and pre-service teachers currently enrolled in Malmö University’s teachers’ education. The results show that pre-service teachers do not feel confident in their ability to detect students with dyslexia. In comparison, in-service teachers feel more confident in this area. However, several of the participants from the in-service teacher demographic present that they, in alignment with the pre-service teacher demographic did not feel confident in their ability to detect dyslexic students in their class. From both demographics the results show that participants feel highly unconfident regarding teaching EFL to dyslexic students.

Dyslexia is a difficulty in learning to read and write, with many implications for the children because of emotional and behavioral problems. The suspicion that they might experience problems with sensory integration as well, is confirmed in the literature. The purpose of sensory stimulation in Gestalt playtherapy is to raise the level of awareness of themselves and in this research, playtherapy was done with three primary school children with dyslexia. Information was further obtained through a literature study, semi-structured interviews and observations. It was clear that the sensory stimulation was part of the therapeutic sessions and led to thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. The qualitative characteristics which the sensations had for the children were observed and confirmed by the literature. Conclusions and recommendations were made according to the objectives of the study and this research made an important contribution to understanding the sensory awareness of children with dyslexia. Opsomming Disleksie is `n leergeremdheid met baie implikasies vir die kinders en wat kan lei tot emosionele en gedragsprobleme omdat hulle nie altyd aanvaar word deur hul portuurgroep nie. Die vermoede dat kinders met disleksie ook probleme ondervind met sensoriese integrasie, is in die literatuur bevestig. In hierdie navorsing is Gestaltspelterapie gedoen met drie laerskool kinders met disleksie om die kinders se bewussynsvlak van hulself te verhoog. Inligting is verder ingesamel deur `n literatuurstudie, waarneming en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met kundiges en ouers. Die kwalitatiewe kenmerke wat die sensasies vir die kinders gehad het is waargeneem en dit was duidelik dat die sensoriese stimulasie wat deel van die spelterapiesessies was, aanleiding gegee het tot voorgrondse gedagtes, gevoelens en gedrag. Hierdie waarnemings is in die literatuur bevestig en gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is volgens die doelwitte gemaak. Gevolglik het hierdie navorsing `n belangrike bydrae gelewer om die sensoriese belewenis van kinders met disleksie beter te verstaan. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie)

Dyslexia is a difficulty in learning to read and write, with many implications for the children because of emotional and behavioral problems. The suspicion that they might experience problems with sensory integration as well, is confirmed in the literature. The purpose of sensory stimulation in Gestalt playtherapy is to raise the level of awareness of themselves and in this research, playtherapy was done with three primary school children with dyslexia. Information was further obtained through a literature study, semi-structured interviews and observations. It was clear that the sensory stimulation was part of the therapeutic sessions and led to thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. The qualitative characteristics which the sensations had for the children were observed and confirmed by the literature. Conclusions and recommendations were made according to the objectives of the study and this research made an important contribution to understanding the sensory awareness of children with dyslexia. Opsomming Disleksie is `n leergeremdheid met baie implikasies vir die kinders en wat kan lei tot emosionele en gedragsprobleme omdat hulle nie altyd aanvaar word deur hul portuurgroep nie. Die vermoede dat kinders met disleksie ook probleme ondervind met sensoriese integrasie, is in die literatuur bevestig. In hierdie navorsing is Gestaltspelterapie gedoen met drie laerskool kinders met disleksie om die kinders se bewussynsvlak van hulself te verhoog. Inligting is verder ingesamel deur `n literatuurstudie, waarneming en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met kundiges en ouers. Die kwalitatiewe kenmerke wat die sensasies vir die kinders gehad het is waargeneem en dit was duidelik dat die sensoriese stimulasie wat deel van die spelterapiesessies was, aanleiding gegee het tot voorgrondse gedagtes, gevoelens en gedrag. Hierdie waarnemings is in die literatuur bevestig en gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is volgens die doelwitte gemaak. Gevolglik het hierdie navorsing `n belangrike bydrae gelewer om die sensoriese belewenis van kinders met disleksie beter te verstaan. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie)

The master thesis is focused on the reading and reading literacy of studentes with specific reading difficulty - with Dyslexia. The target group are students of the second level of primary school. The theoretical part focuses on the definition of the specific learning difficulty, expecially on Dyslexia. It follows not only a general definition and an etiology but also diagnostics in school practice. The center of interest is mainly the support of this group of pupils at school. This text presents the charakteristics of the reading skills and reading and reading literacy that contribute to school success. The thesis is to investigace the support of the reading at primary school. The empirical part is based on the analysis of the quantitative research data. The research focuses on the concept of reading, which is aimed at students of the second level of primary school, while the actual analysis follows possible nuances in the self-assessment component of the students representing the norm and students with Dyslexia. The aim of the research is to capture the current relationship of students to reading with regard to the nature of the support provided. The results of the survey correspond to theoretical findings from professional sources - pupils with dyslexia often consider themselves as weaker...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Helena Ferrao Silva.pdf: 1765995 bytes, checksum: d5d8a80eba8028ab8f87866ee7d926e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-03 / This paper presents a study on the actions taken by teachers of the 3rd year of Elementary School, related to the decisions and referrals regarding the students indicated as having learning gap in Mathematics. Our question at issue is: How and why do referrals of students in the 3rd year of Elementary School with Mathematics difficulties occur in the teachers view? The main goal was to analyze, based on pieces of information from teachers of the 3rd year of Elementary School regular and special education classes the conceptions related to the Mathematics concepts learning difficulties found by students and the need for psychological referral or pedagogical remedial help. The research development brought indications with reference to the issue of children learning difficulties in Mathematics, their emotions during the learning process and the aspects regarding Mathematics teaching and learning in school. The data arose from semi-structured interviews with three teachers of the 3rd year two from the classrooms and the resource room teacher in two different moments: in the beginning of 2013 school year and in November of the same year; and also the documentation for the student referral to remedial classes and psychological support. During the interviews the participants pointed out that the initial training course didn`t offer them enough theoretical subsidies to perform in the teaching discipline of Mathematics to the initial years of Elementary School. It was also pointed that a lot of the learning difficulties of these students is generally related to Mathematics concepts that weren`t understood by them. Teachers considerations about the referrals of students with learning difficulties were analyzed, as well as their conceptions about how and why these referrals should happen. In addition, the documentation of a 3rd year student who attended the resource class and the psychological assistance for two years was analyzed. It has been concluded that the services of resource class and psychological assistance, both offered by the city council, do not become linked, then bringing little contribution to students progress. The considerations to evaluate the student`s development are evasive, advancing little to identify their difficulties and to show alternatives to those people who will keep working with children, what provides little contribution to cognitive and psychological development. / O trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre as a??es de professoras do 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental, relacionadas ?s decis?es e encaminhamentos referentes aos alunos indicados como portadores de defasagem de aprendizagem em Matem?tica. Nossa quest?o problema assim se configura: Como e por que ocorrem os encaminhamentos de alunos com dificuldades relacionadas ? Matem?tica em sala de 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma rede p?blica municipal na vis?o das professoras? Teve por objetivo analisar, a partir das informa??es de professoras do 3? ano do Ensino Fundamental da sala regular e de educa??o especial as concep??es relacionadas ?s dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos ao aprender conceitos matem?ticos e a necessidade de encaminhamento psicol?gico ou de refor?o pedag?gico. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa trouxemos apontamentos relativos ?s quest?es das dificuldades de aprendizagem das crian?as em Matem?tica, das suas emo??es no percurso da aprendizagem e de aspectos relacionados ao ensino e ? aprendizagem de Matem?tica na escola. Os dados originaram-se das entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com tr?s professoras de 3? ano duas de sala de aula e a professora da sala de recurso em dois momentos diferentes: no in?cio do ano letivo de 2013 e no m?s de novembro do mesmo ano. Ainda, de documenta??o relativa ao encaminhamento do aluno para sala de refor?o e de atendimento psicol?gico. Nas entrevistas as participantes indicaram que o curso de forma??o inicial n?o lhes ofereceu subs?dios te?ricos suficientes para a atua??o na doc?ncia na disciplina de Matem?tica para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Tamb?m que muitas das dificuldades de aprendizagem destes alunos, de maneira geral est?o relacionadas com os conceitos matem?ticos n?o compreendidos por eles. Analisamos as considera??es das professoras referentes ao encaminhamento de alunos com defasagem de aprendizagem, suas concep??es sobre como e por que esses encaminhamentos devam se dar. Ainda, a documenta??o de um aluno de 3? ano, que freq?entou por dois anos a sala de recurso e o atendimento psicol?gico. Conclu?mos que os servi?os de sala de recurso e atendimento psicol?gico, ambos oferecidos pela prefeitura, n?o se articulam, trazendo pouca contribui??o para os avan?os dos alunos. As considera??es para avaliar o desenvolvimento do aluno se fazem evasivas, pouco avan?ando no sentido de identificar suas dificuldades e de apresentar alternativas para o trabalho daqueles que com a crian?a v?o continuar atuando, o que proporciona pouca contribui??o para os avan?os cognitivos e psicol?gicos.

Le présent travail vise à approfondir la problématique de l’autonomie en apprentissage, considéré comme une exigence incontournable de l’éducation. Il aborde le sujet étudié en tenant compte de la dimension culturelle et part du constat d’une difficulté d’application des modèles occidentaux dans le contexte de l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère au Vietnam. Il s’appuie sur une recherche abductive utilisant la méthode d’analyse par théorisation ancrée qui favorise des allers-retours successifs entre le travail empirique et les théories mobilisées. Un corpus riche et complexe a été recueilli au moyen du filmage, des entretiens, de l’écriture des journaux de bord des quatre étudiants suivis, des échanges par courriels et de la prise de notes. Dégager la complexité du concept d’autonomie a exigé l’exploration des notions de stratégie et de compétence ainsi que l’identification des difficultés lors des apprentissages. Ce travail a permis de révéler que l’émotion joue un rôle intermédiaire dans la relation interdépendante des composantes de l’apprentissage. Cette relation est fondée sur des causalités à la fois linéaire et cyclique. En montrant les types d’entraves dont l’acteur-apprenant doit se délivrer pour devenir autonome, l’étude affirme la nécessité pour l’apprenant de garder l’équilibre entre des modes analytique et synthétique. Soutenir l’apprenant dans son apprentissage implique que le tuteur l’accompagne vers cet équilibre et s’efforce lui-même aussi de le maintenir durant le processus de soutien. / The aim of this thesis is to analyse in depth the question of learner autonomy, considered to be a fundamental requirement in the educational field. Adopting a cultural perspective, the study acknowledges first of all the difficulty in applying western models to the context of learning French as a foreign language in Vietnam. It adopts an abductive research method based on a grounded theory approach entailing successive interplay between empirical work and theory. A rich and complex corpus has been collected through filming, interviews, the log-books of the four students observed, the exchange of emails and note-taking. In order to elucidate the complexity of the concept of autonomy it was necessary to explore the notions of strategy and competence and to identify learning difficulties. The study reveals notably that emotion plays an intermediary role in the interdependent relationship between the different learning components. This relationship is based upon both linear and cyclical causality. By showing the different obstacles the actor-learner must overcome in order to be autonomous, the study affirms the necessity to keep a balance between analytic and synthetic modes of thinking. Scaffolding the leaner’s development requires the tutor to accompany him/her towards this balance and to endeavour to maintain the same balance during the scaffolding process.

Le sens du nombre est un des piliers des apprentissages en arithmétique. Son acquisition permet, entre autres, de comprendre notre système de numération. Dans les années 1980, des chercheures se sont intéressées aux difficultés associées à l’apprentissage de la numération et ont énoncé une série de recommandations pour favoriser la compréhension de ce concept. Ces recherches sont encore aujourd’hui des recherches phares et plusieurs études s’en sont inspirées. Des études plus récentes montrent cependant que les difficultés liées à l’apprentissage de la numération demeurent les mêmes pour les élèves d’aujourd’hui. L’objectif général de la présente recherche est de mieux comprendre comment se développe le sens du nombre et de la numération, de la petite enfance jusqu’à l’âge de 7-8 ans et de faire ressortir les conditions qui favorisent ce développement. Des recherches montrent que le développement du sens du nombre s’appuie sur la construction de représentations mentales dynamiques et imagées. Pour favoriser cette construction, les élèves doivent avoir accès à des représentations concrètes et imagées aussi variées que fécondes. Des tâches de résolution de problèmes dans lesquelles les élèves s’engagent doivent aussi être prévues pour favoriser les apprentissages. Des recherches montrent enfin que le sens du nombre peut être décrit sous forme de continuum qui se développe du préscolaire à l’âge adulte. Or, aucune étude connue ne s’est intéressée à ce type de progression et n’a tenté d’identifier les conditions qui favorisent ce développement en tenant compte des éléments ci-haut mentionnés. Dans la présente recherche, une proposition de continuum du sens du nombre et de la numération de la petite enfance à 8 ans, s’appuyant sur ces recherches, a été établie. Ce continuum identifie les éléments clés du développement de la compréhension des élèves. Un outil d’évaluation a été construit. Il permet de situer l’élève sur ce continuum. Une séquence didactique a été mise en place. Elle donne l’occasion à l’élève de développer sa compréhension selon ce continuum. Ces instruments s’adressent aux élèves de la fin de la 2e année et du début de la 3e année, soit des enfants de 7-8 ans. La construction de ces instruments constitue un des objectifs spécifiques de cette recherche. Un deuxième objectif est de vérifier la viabilité en contexte de ces instruments auprès de professionnels de l’éducation. Les objectifs de l’étude ont été atteints : les instruments ont été créés, puis leur viabilité en contexte a été évaluée par des professionnels du milieu de l’éducation. Selon l’analyse qualitative des commentaires des participants, l’outil d’évaluation permettrait d’évaluer le niveau de développement du sens du nombre des élèves et de dépister ceux qui ont des difficultés à apprendre ces concepts. Il donnerait aussi l’occasion aux élèves de développer leur sens du nombre, selon leur niveau de compréhension, à travers une séquence d’activités. Une analyse fine des commentaires fait clairement ressortir que le sens du nombre, de même que les conditions à mettre en place pour favoriser son développement, n’occupent pas une assez grande place dans l’enseignement actuel de l’arithmétique au primaire ni dans le Programme de formation de l’école québécoise. Il demeure cependant un prédicteur important de réussite scolaire. C’est pour cette raison que d’autres travaux doivent porter sur les concepts ciblés dans la présente étude afin de mieux accompagner les élèves et leurs enseignants vers la réussite. / Number sense is one of the pillars of learning arithmetic. Its acquisition allows, among other things, to understand our decimal and positional numeral system. In the 1980s, researchers became interested in the difficulties associated with learning numeration by elementary school children. They proposed a framework and a series of recommendation to promote the understanding of this concept. Their research is still a reference today and several studies have been inspired by it. More recent studies, however, show that the difficulties associated with learning numeration remain the same for today’s students. The general objective of this research is to better understand how number sense develops from infancy up to the age of 7-8 years and to highlight the conditions that increase this development. Research shows that the development of number sense and the understanding of mathematical concepts is based on the construction of dynamic and image-based mental representations. To promote this construction, students must be given access to concrete and image-based representations that are as varied as they are fruitful. Problem-solving tasks in which students are called upon to engage must also be included in the planning of mathematical activities to promote student learning. Finally, research shows that number sense can be described as a continuum that develops from preschool to adult life. However, no known study has been focusing on in this type of progression leading to the understanding of numeration and has attempted to identify the conditions to promote the development of number sense by taking into account the above-mentioned elements. In the present study, a proposal for a number sense continuum, from infancy to age 8, has been established. This continuum identifies key elements in the development of student understanding. An evaluation tool has been built. It helps situate the student on this continuum. A didactic sequence has also been built. It gives students the opportunity to develop their understanding along this continuum. These tools were intended for students at the end of Grade 2 and the beginning of Grade 3, i.e. children aged 7-8. The construction of these tools was one of the specific objectives of this research. A second objective was to verify viability in context of these tools with education professionals. The objectives of the study were achieved: the device was created and then the viability in context was evaluated by professionals in the education community. According to the qualitative analysis of participants' comments, the device could make it possible to assess the level of development of the number sense of the students and to identify those who have difficulty in learning this concept. It also could give students the opportunity to develop their number sense, to their level of understanding, through a sequence of activities. A detailed analysis of the comments clearly shows that number sense, as well as the conditions that need to be put in place to promote its development, do not occupy a sufficiently large place in the current teaching of arithmetic at the elementary school level or in the Quebec Education Program. However, it remains an important predictor of academic success. For this reason, further work must be done on the concepts targeted in this study in order to better guide students and their teachers towards success.