Zugl.: Paris, Univ. de Paris-Sorbonne, Diss., 1998

Abstract As a novel always deemed eccentric and chaotic, Laurence Sterne¡¦s Tristram Shandy has constantly drawn attention of the reading public but has also incurred multitudinous attacks by the critics for its apparent disorderliness. Exteriorly, the novel indeed exhibits chaotic features, whether by its digressions or interludes; however, after a close and meticulous analysis we could actually find harmony and unity within all the confusions and irregularities. Since the author utilizes the eccentricity of the novel to camouflage harmony within, we could assume that a force of some kind is surreptitiously in motion to conduct all the exterior chaos into harmony. Thus my objective in this thesis is to indicate and analyze the ¡§force¡¨ which can trample down all the external irrationalities and enables harmony and order to reveal themselves once again. The thesis will analyze the novel in three main aspects. Formally, the digressions of the novel will be mainly investigated. All the seemingly irrelevant opinionative and explanative digressions will be discussed and examined in close analysis. In dealing with digressions, the ideas of the Russian Formalist Victor Shklovsky will be referred to. Reciprocally, Sterne¡¦s demand for his reader¡¦s participation (interaction) is another distinguishing feature of the work. This part of the thesis will examine the balancing force while it exhibits itself when readers act as active agents bestowing meanings through interaction and Wolfgang Iser¡¦s Reader-Response theory will applied. The closing section of the thesis endeavors to analyze the content of the novel by inspecting the discrepancies and exemplify how Sterne attempts to liberate his reader¡¦s imagination. The thesis will end with the analysis of the author¡¦s philosophical attitude towards life as I realign the novel in strict time-order and trace the causality of the events within. Key words: Laurence Sterne, Tristram Shandy, Russian Formalism, reader response, interaction, digressions, harmony, chaos, discrepancy, causality

Zugl.: Chicago, Univ., Diss., 2008

Thesis (doctoral)--Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 1935. / Lebenslauf. Includes bibliographical references.

samenvatting Dit proefschrift vormt een poging van een discourstheoretische literaire analyse van het werk van Charlotte Mutsaers (1942). Charlotte Mutsaers schriftuur wordt vaak grillig genoemd. In dit proefschrift heb ik onder meer aangetoond dat de grillige, niet-lineaire schriftuur bij Mutsaers eerst en vooral een kritische dimensie heeft. Mutsaers ontregelt taal en de resulterende vreemde taal daagt de bestaande orde uit. Gevestigde hiërarchieën zoals die tussen mens en dier kunnen hierdoor op losse schroeven worden gezet. In deze analyse worden diverse ontregelende procédés zoals het rizomatische schrijven, het anagram, de opsomming, de digressie en de associatie nader onder de loep genomen. Als referentiekader dient de discourstheorie van Ernesto Laclau en Chantal Mouffe. De discourstheorie helpt om de kritische dimensie van Mutsaers schriftuur beter aan het licht te brengen. Résumé Cette dissertation est une analyse littéraire de lécriture de lauteur néerlandaise Charlotte Mutsaers (1942). Le style de Mutsaers est souvent caractérisé de grillig, c'est-à-dire capricieux, chaotique. Toutefois, on na jusqu'à présent que rarement spécifié en détail en quoi cette écriture est si capricieuse. Dans ce travail, jai essayé détablir un inventaire des stratégies discursives dérégularisantes dans luvre de Mutsaers. Jai observé des techniques comme lécriture rizomatique, lénumération, lanagramme, la digression et lassociation. Par son écriture volontairement désordonnée (doelgerichtige grilligheid), Mutsaers propose des logiques alternatives à ses lecteurs. Pour Charlotte Mutsaers écrire revient toujours à provoquer. Comme cadre théorique, jai utilisé, entre autres, la théorie du discours dErnesto Laclau et de Chantal Mouffe. Cest surtout le côté critique de luvre de Mutsaers qui est examiné en profondeur dans ce doctorat. summary This thesis offers a literary analysis of the work of the Dutch author Charlotte Mutsaers (1942). Mutsaers style is often called grillig, a word meaning chaotic or capricious. In this analysis I have tried to show to what extent this chaotic, digressive style of writing is, first and foremost, a critical one. With her associative, non-linear, rhizomatic style Mutsaers subverts many hierarchies, such as that between humans and animals. I have analysed some of these subversive techniques: rhizomatic writing, association, enumeration, digression and anagram. The theoretical framework of this analysis is provided by the discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. This theory helps to emphasize the critical, subversive dimension of Mutsaers work.

L’image de la Perse et des Perses occupe une place importante dans l’œuvre d’Ammien Marcellin, un Syrien hellénisé du IVe siècle, auteur d’un ouvrage historique écrit en latin. La présente recherche, qui replace le sujet dans le reste de la tradition romaine et la tradition arabo-persane, s’articule en trois parties : « Ammien, une source majeure ? », « L’image de la Perse chez Ammien : l’art de la description », et enfin « Les Perses dans le récit du conflit romano-perse de 354 à 378 : l’art du portrait et de la narration ». Il en ressort qu’Ammien a adopté un point de vue romain, tout en se distinguant de la tradition historiographique romaine antérieure. Il se démarque également de la tradition arabo-persane. Ammien, auteur atypique de par ses origines et du sujet qu’il traite, l’est aussi par son écriture. / The image of Persia and Persians occupies an important place in the work of Ammianus Marcellinus, a hellenized Syrian of the 4th century, author of a historical written in latin. The present research, which replaces the subject in the rest of the roman tradition and the arabo-persian tradition, is articulated in three parts : « Ammianus, a major source ? », « The image of Persia at Ammianus : the art of description », and finally, « The Persians on the account of the Romano-Persia conflict from 354 to 378 : the art of the portrait and the narration ». This reveals that Ammianus adopted a roman point of view, while being distinguished from the former roman historiographical tradition. He also dissociates arabo-persian tradition. Ammianus, author atypical from his origins and the subject which it treats, is also by its wrinting.

Renaissance Error proposes that the formal key to early modern literature is digression. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, writers compose works that persistently imitate moral and cognitive wandering, often in an attempt to remedy such wandering. Their powerful sense of human error springs from the humanist and reformist view of the Middle Ages as a gigantic detour from classical civilisation and from the apostolic Church. This sense deepens as the intellectual disciplines and religious paths of the Renaissance divide. And it culminates in a radical picture of all human desire, thought, and history as continually digressive from beginning to end.

Šiame moksliniame darbe analizuojama rekreacija Lietuvos saugomose teritorijose bei jos poveikis šioms teritorijoms. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – atlikti Nemuno kilpų regioninio parko lankytojų srautų analizę ir ištirti lankytojų poveikį gamtinei aplinkai. Vertinant lankytojus srautus regioniniame parke aptartos vyraujančios rekreacijos rūšys ir formos atskirose Nemuno kilpų regioninio parko dalyse. Panaudojus Nemuno kilpų regioninio parko direkcijos 2006-2008 metų atliktais kraštovaizdžio monitoringo programos rezultatus buvo analizuojamos lankymo apkrovos pažintiniuose, mokomuosiuose takuose, poilsiavietėse, stovyklavietėse. Natūrinių tyrimų metu buvo nustatomas lankytojų poveikis kraštovaizdžiui – rekreacinė digresija. Vertinami rodikliai ir matavimo vienetai – rekreacijos pažeidimo laipsnis (mažas, vidutinis, didelis) ir pobūdis (taškinis, linijinis, arealinis). Matavimai atlikti keturiose Nemuno kilpų regioninio parko vietose: Nemuno upės pakrantė ties Pociūnų kaimu, Žvėrinčiaus miškas prie Prienų estrados, prie Velniablūdžio pelkėje esančio pažintinio tako ir prie Balbieriškio atodangos apžvalgos aikštelės. Didžiausias pažeidimo plotas (arealinis pobūdis) ir mažas rekreacinės digresijos laipsnis užfiksuotas Pociūnų kaime, pušynėlyje, prie Nemuno upės. Labiausiai pažeista rekreacinės digresijos (didelis pažeidimo laipsnis) yra Balbieriškio atodanga prie apžvalgos aikštelės, nes ši parko vieta yra viena labiausiai lankoma lankytojų. Lankytojų anketinis tyrimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Author of this article analyse environmental management problems which causes the impact of recreation use in protected areas. The purpose of this article is to analyse the impact of visitors and natural surroundings of regional park of Nemunas loops. The author analysed recreation use in regional park of Nemunas loops in terms of sort and form. By using Nemunas loops regional park landscape monitoring statistical data were made comparison load of visitor histograms (in educational and recreational trails, campsites and reviews site). Author did field study and determine visitors influence to the landscape – recreation digression. There were estimated indicators and units of measurements - recreation digression degree (small, medium, big) and character (dotted, linear, areal). Author did questionnaire survey to visitor in regional park of Nemunas loops. the author investigated visitors answers: visitors visiting aim, frequency and opinion about trails signs in regional park of Nemunas loops. There are basic forms of outdoor recreation such as educational, camping, entertainment in regional park of Nemunas loops. The regional park offers nice conditions to holiday making, and particularly to cognitive tourism. The regional park of Nemunas loops is famous among other Lithuanian regional parks for its picturesque, expressive and original landscape. The main accent of the regional park is the Nemunas river with its Great Loops and wide riverbed with high, steep slopes engraved by... [to full text]

Originally presented as the author's thesis, Marburg. / Bibliography: p. 222-231.

Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschrift--St Gallen--Universität, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 313-322.