Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Kathline M. Erndl, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Religion. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 16, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2002. / Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-178).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 1999. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-101). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL:http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ56203.

Not available / text

In contemporary Canadian society women of all "races" are affected by the socially created, racialized and gendered images produced by a culture dominated by "White" males. These images are legacies of Western European cultural history which has traditionally constructed women and people of colour as the "Other", and such constructions have had the effect of restricting women and people of colour from participating fully in mainstream society. While both "White" and "Black" womens' lives have been specifically shaped by such constructs, most "White" women have failed to recognize that "race" has shaped their lives and placed them in a privileged position compared to women of colour, especially "Black" women. In order for "White" (and "Black") women to fully understand racism and sexism, which are both realities of modern societies, it is important for them to understand their historical origins. Therefore, this thesis, in an attempt to address these issues, examines the historical roots and the development of representations of gender and "race" and their specific connections to "Black" and "White" women. The case study involves a focused evaluation of the creation of racialized female symbolism in the early historical narratives of British Columbia between 1858-1900 when the first "Blacks" arrived in the province. These social constructions were compared to the actual lives of "Black" and "White" women of the time in order to gain a clearer understanding of society. The study showed that representations of "White" and "Black" women were often not consistent with the reality of their lives. Women from both groups were frequently able to restructure and, in many cases, reject such images and create their own social reality. The research, while showing that "White" women were given a more privileged position than "Black" women, also illustrated the many similarities between the lives of women from both groups. Finally, by centering both "Black" and "White" women as the subjects of this study, it was possible to view history through a different lense than the traditional male dominated one.

This thesis describes a program of research aimed at examining the social psychological consequences of being a victim of discrimination. An experimental paradigm was developed to determine if, and to what extent, disadvantaged group members perceive the discrimination that confronts them. Women were asked to react to negative feedback after receiving information about the probability that they had been discriminated against. When discrimination was made ambiguous, subjects minimized their personal experience with discrimination and attributed their failure to themselves. A second experiment investigated the role of perceived control as a potential cause of minimization of personal discrimination. The results indicated that disadvantaged group members were reluctant to blame their performance on discrimination because in so doing, they were placing control for their outcomes in the hands of others rather than themselves. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the on-going victimization of disadvantaged group members.

This thesis explores the experiences of Canadian academic women in terms of location, space and voice. Within this qualitative study, the spaces of and for women within the university are examined by way of women's subjective experiences of 'value' and 'being valued'. Differences in experiences between women based on age, colour, tenure and academic rank are described through the voices of thirty academic women. The study argues that the "illusionary practices of equity" operating within the university milieu, exacerbate the tensions inherent in contradictory subject locations that women occupy within academe. The struggles of representation and identity within these contested spaces raise the challenges of whose voice will have space within the privileged locations of higher learning.

Magistrinio darbo tezės tikslas - atlikti mokslinį tyrimą ir patvirtinti arba paneigti hipotezę, kuri teigia, kad LR teisinė sistema neužtikrina moters nediskriminavimo darbo rinkoje. Objektas – teisinė sistema, susijusi su moters (ne)diskriminavimu darbo rinkoje. Problematika pasireiškia tuo, kad Lietuvoje yra sukurta įstatyminė bazė, skirta įgyvendinti lygias asmenų teises darbo srityje. Tačiau, remiantis oficialiais statistiniais duomenimis, de facto moterų padėtis darbo rinkoje yra prastesnė nei vyrų. Darbe buvo naudojami mokslinio tyrimo metodai: interviu, lyginamasis, analitinis, aprašomasis. Tyrimų rezultatai atskleidė, kad moteris darbo rinkoje diskriminuojama dėl nepakankamo moterų atstovavimo priimant sprendimus, nuolat reprodukuojamų lyčių stereotipų, didesnės moterų nei vyrų turimų šeiminių pareigų naštos. LR įstatymai numato keturias draudžiamas diskriminavimo formas: tiesioginę ir netiesioginę diskriminaciją, priekabiavimą ir seksualinį priekabiavimą, tačiau teisinių sąvokų vienoks ar kitoks apibrėžimas įstatyme, neturi tiesioginio ryšio su faktine segregacija užimtumo srityje. LR įstatymuose pozityvieji veiksmai yra įvardinti kaip laikinos specialiosios priemonės, taikomos siekiant užtikrinti lygybę ir užkirsti kelią lygių galimybių pažeidimui lyties ir kt. pagrindais, tačiau Lietuvoje nėra priimtas įstatymas, kuris numatytų šių priemonių taikymo sąlygas. Lietuvoje Konvencija dėl visų formų diskriminacijos panaikinimo moterims ir jos Fakultatyvinis protokolas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the Master thesis Does the Law System of the Republic of Lithuania Ensure the Non-Discrimination of Women in Labour Market is, by answering the problematic question, to conduct a scientific research and confirm or deny the hypothesis that the law system of the Republic of Lithuania does not ensure the non-discrimination of women in labour market. This topic is problematic because there is a legislative context established in Lithuania that aims to ensure equal individual rights in the field of labour. Despite the relative legislation, the official statistical data demonstrate that de facto situation of women in labour market is worse than men. In Lithuania only in 2012 in the age range of 25-34 there were 17.8% more women with higher education than men and, compared to men, their work pay gap was 12.6%. What is more, in the age range of 35-44 the work pay gap was 17.3%, and the employment rate of women was 3% smaller than men. Hence, the subject of the scientific study is the legal system of the Republic of Lithuania in terms of the non-discrimination/discrimination of women in labour market. The objectives of the paper are as follows: 1. interview the representatives of three different institutions in Lithuania in order to find out the main reasons, why the situation of women in the labour market is worse, and to provide the form and base of discrimination of women; 2. present the concept of positive actions and the application of tools of positive actions that... [to full text]

Although gender inequality is a major element of poverty, women the world over have showed their heroism in the role of both economy generators and family supporters’ by engaging in informal trade. This became most remarkable in South Africa where refugees in general and women in particular are living without either government or UNHCR supports. The following study attempts to explore business leadership qualities of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) refugee women living in the city of Durban. The study is the result of challenges that Congolese women informal traders are facing (family responsibilities, identity documents...) since their arrival in South Africa which hinders the development of their businesses. Additionally, this study identified a number of successful strategies for developing businesses and reducing poverty. This research used a qualitative method during data collection. In turn, both explanatory and descriptive theories were used. Congolese refugee women informal traders were the sample taken and were selected from the Congolese community living in the city of Durban. In order to answer the research questions, this study used in-depth interviews and questionnaires where ten Congolese refugee women informal traders between the age of 24 and 41 years were involved. Selecting respondents by the abovementioned ages in this research was helpful for exploring socio-economic challenges of the most categories of the neediest refugee women: widows, single women and mothers of 5 or more children, and so forth. These categories provided relevant information for being mothers and their daily socio-economic challenges in the city of Durban. In the line with findings, respondents on the questions related to business development mentioned the number of factors as hindrance to development of their businesses. Thus, they had no access to business training organized by government and NGOs, poor access to finance, lack of UNCHR support, and family responsibilities especially their refugee status. The study reveals the needs of both UNHCR and government’s support in terms of sponsoring refugees’ projects (including business training) and appropriate identity documents from the department of Home Affairs. UNHCR assistance together with local NGOs and appropriate identity documents are identified to be important factors of respondents’ business development strategies. / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2010.