Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-25T14:48:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Jovana - versão final 1.pdf: 1411843 bytes, checksum: 61bc2ff194fb748ef657b14c62c552a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-25T14:54:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Jovana - versão final 1.pdf: 1411843 bytes, checksum: 61bc2ff194fb748ef657b14c62c552a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T14:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Jovana - versão final 1.pdf: 1411843 bytes, checksum: 61bc2ff194fb748ef657b14c62c552a9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem como objetivo observar os padrões de uso das construções correlatas alternativas à luz da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, reunindo tanto pressupostos funcionalistas quanto construcionistas. Essa teoria parte do princípio de que a língua emerge a partir de seu uso e vai sendo moldada por meio de sua própria instabilidade. A partir dessa premissa, nossa pesquisa observa os usos e os contextos em que estão inseridas as construções correlatas alternativas. Pretendemos analisar o comportamento semântico e sintático que envolve esse tipo de construção dentro do quadro da correlação. Pretendemos, ainda, observar os valores sintáticos e semânticos de cada type correlativo encontrado. Com base na constatação de Fillenbaum (1986) de que algumas orações disjuntivas podem assumir um valor condicional, observamos se há sobreposição de valores semânticos nas construções correlatas alternativas analisadas e quais os fatores motivadores para esse fenômeno. O objeto em análise é tratado como construção, por aderirmos à proposta atual da Gramática de Construções nos modelos de Croft (2007), Goldberg e Jackendoff (2004) e Trousdale (2008). Nessa perspectiva, a gramática é vista de forma holística, ou seja, nenhum nível é central. Ademais, forma e significado são pareados como iguais e passam a funcionar, nesta teoria, como unidades básicas e centrais da língua, operando em diferentes níveis da gramática. O corpus utilizado é composto por textos retirados de versões eletrônicas da Revista Veja (http://www.veja.abril.com.br) / This study aims to observe the usage patterns of the alternatives related buildings in the light of Linguistics Centered Functional in use, bringing together both functionalist assumptions as constructionist. This theory assumes that language emerges from its use and is being shaped by its instability. From this premise, our research will observe the uses and contexts in which they operate alternative constructions. We intend to analyze the semantic and syntactic behavior involving this type of construction within the correlation table. It is intended to also observe the syntactic and semantic value of each correlative type found. Based on the finding Fillenbaum (1986) that some disjunctive prayers can take a conditional value, we will see if there is overlap of semantic values in the alternatives considered related buildings and what the motivating factors for this phenomenon. The object in question will be treated as construction, by adhering to the current proposal of construction of grammar in Croft models (2007), Goldberg and Jackendoff (2004) and Trousdale (2008). From this perspective, the grammar is viewed holistically, that is, no level is central. Moreover, form and meaning are paired as equals and will function in this theory, as basic units and language centers, operating at different levels of grammar. The corpus used is composed of texts taken from electronic versions of the magazine Veja (http://www.veja.abril.com.br)

Plant fossils from the Citronelle Formation provide a rare window into the Pliocene flora and climate of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain. Many of the taxa recovered to date inhabit the region today. However, analysis of Pinus pollen grains and fascicles indicates that the dominant pines were members of Pinus subgenus Strobus (i.e., "white pines"). The fascicles have a small, bulbous base lacking a sheath, and bear four or five long, slender needles. These features are typical of white pines. Although macrofossils are rare, 77 to 100% of the dispersed Pinus pollen grains from five localities have sacci continuous with the corpus and verrucae on the cappula, which are characteristics of white pines. This is remarkable, as the northeastern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain today is devoid of white pines, and is instead considered a center of diversity for Pinus subgenus Pinus section Pinus subsection Australes. Today, Pinus strobus is the only white pine in the eastern North America and its southernmost distribution only extends into the mountains of Georgia, about 600 km north of the fossil sites. The historical biogeographic relationships of P. strobus to other North American forms are unclear. For example, its close relative, Pinus chiapensis, is present in northeastern Mexico and Central America. The current disjunction between P. strobus and P. chiapensis is 2400 km and includes an arid barrier to dispersal. P. chiapensis is also associated with several other species showing a similar biogeographic pattern. The fossils described here indicate that white pines were more widespread in North America in the recent geological past than previously thought, and imply possible connections between disjunct species that would not be suspected if only current species' ranges and ecological tolerances were considered.

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It is widely accepted that Higher Education should provide students with a challenging experience. Research on threshold concepts provides a framework for exploring challenging content within a discipline and has contributed to understanding how to support students with conceptual difficulties. However, less is known about how individual students experience challenge and difficulty in their academic studies, in particular how they respond and feel when they become stuck. This study explores students’ experience of challenge, difficulty and stuckness, how they responded and managed challenges and any associated feelings. The study, carried out in a university in the Southwest of England, used a Qualitative Longitudinal Research design to follow 16 students through the second year of a degree for Allied Health Professionals. Data were collected using the semi-structured and email interview methods. Data were analysed longitudinally and cross-sectionally using a constant comparison process. The findings and discussion are presented using a ‘natural’ style which aims to capture the student journey over the academic year. The study found that some form of challenge, difficulty or stuckness was commonplace in the students’ educational experience. The value of challenges which create uncertainty in education is recognised, particularly where students are grappling with boundaries around knowledge. Variation in students’ experiences was partly explained by their ‘spiky profiles’ (influencing factors such as prior education and work experience) and partly by differences in factors relating to strategy use. The students were creative and resourceful in developing a range of specific and generic strategies in several areas: the use of time and space; the management of expectations and acceptance of feelings; and monitoring and reflection. The study adds to current understanding of stuckness through an examination of the liminal spaces students encountered. The discussion argues for a more nuanced and holistic approach to understanding students’ engagement with a complex cycle of challenges and strategy use, which creates a range of expectations, tensions, feelings and opportunities. It identifies implications for Higher Education practice and calls for an understanding of the impact and interconnectedness of factors influencing students. It stresses the importance of providing structures for students to explore how they learn and develop their academic practice, in addition to discipline specific knowledge and skills.

In this thesis we study completeness properties of infinitary propositional logics from the perspective of abstract algebraic logic. The goal is to under- stand how the basic tool in proofs of completeness, the so called Linden- baum lemma, generalizes beyond finitary logics. To this end, we study few properties closely related to the Lindenbaum lemma (and hence to com- pleteness properties). We will see that these properties give rise to a new hierarchy of infinitary propositional logic. We also study these properties in scenarios when a given logic has some (possibly very generally defined) connectives of implication, disjunction, and negation. Among others, we will see that presence of these connectives can ensure provability of the Lin- denbaum lemma. Keywords: abstract algebraic logic, infinitary logics, Lindenbaum lemma, disjunction, implication, negation

Ontological database management systems are a powerful tool that combine traditional database techniques with ontological reasoning methods. In this setting, a classical extensional database is enriched with an ontology, or a set of logical assertions, that describe how new, intensional knowledge can be derived from the extensional data. Conjunctive queries are therefore answered against this combined knowledge base of extensional and intensional data. Many languages that represent ontologies have been introduced in the literature. In this thesis we will focus on existential rules (also called tuple-generating dependencies or Datalog^± rules), and three established languages in this area, namely guarded-based rules, sticky rules and weakly-acyclic rules. The main goal of the thesis is to enrich these languages with non-deterministic constructs (i.e. disjunctions) and investigate the complexity of the answering conjunctive queries under these extended languages. As is common in the literature, we will distinguish between combined complexity, where the database, the ontology and the query are considered as input, and data complexity, where only the database is considered as input. The latter case is relevant in practice, as usually the ontology and the query can be considered as fixed, and are usually much smaller than the database itself. After giving appropriate definitions to extend the considered languages to disjunctive existential rules, we establish a series of complexity results, completing the complexity picture for each of the above languages, and four different query languages: arbitrary conjunctive queries, bounded (hyper-)treewidth queries, acyclic queries and atomic queries. For the guarded-based languages, we show a strong 2EXPTIME lower bound for general queries that holds even for fixed ontologies, and establishes 2EXPTIME-completeness of the query answering problem in this case. For acyclic queries, the complexity can be reduced to EXPTIME, if the predicate arity is bounded, and the problem even becomes tractable for certain restricted languages, if only atomic queries are used. For ontologies represented by sticky disjunctive rules, we show that the problem becomes undecidable, even in the case of data complexity and atomic queries. Finally, for weakly-acyclic rules, we show that the complexity increases from 2EXPTIME to coN2EXPTIME in general, and from tractable to coNP in case of the data complexity, independent of which query language is used. After answering the open complexity questions, we investigate applications and relevant consequences of our results for description logics and give two generic complexity statements, respectively, for acyclic and general conjunctive query answering over description logic knowledge bases. These generic results allow for an easy determination of the complexity of this reasoning task, based on the expressivity of the considered description logic.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:57:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3142_1.pdf: 2136149 bytes, checksum: 9584d05181d7f6e862c757ce418c8701 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / de Siqueira Teles, Fabrício; Pierre Louis Robin, Jacques. Towards Model-Driven Engineering Constraint-Based Scheduling Applications. 2008. Dissertação (Mestrado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2008.

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