The focus of this thesis is to investigate resilience at an organisational level. The research aims to identify and establish the features of resilience within the response of an organisation to disruptive and crisis events. Natural disasters, pandemic disease, terrorist attacks, economic recession, equipment failure and human error can all pose both a potentially unpredictable and severe threat to the continuity of an organisation's operations. As a result, disruptive events highlight the need to develop robust and resilient organisational and infrastructural systems capable of adapting and overcoming complex disruptive events.

abstract: ABSTRACT Many foster children experience numerous placements while in out-of-home care; some up to fifteen in an 18 month period (Newton, Litrownik, & Landsverk, 2000). Placement stability is important for children to find permanent families, and for social, emotional and educational development of children. This study used the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW) data set to examine foster child and caregiver characteristics, and the caregiver-child relationship as a predictor of placement stability in the long term foster care general sample. Logistic regression was performed with the Complex Samples add-on to appropriately weight the NSCAW sampling. Children who were placed in foster homes or kinship homes and who had not been returned home at the Wave 3 interview were included in the study. The sample consisting of 562 children was divided into three groups based on age: Early Group 1, childhood ages 1to 5, group 1;Group 2, Middle childhood ages 6 to 10, group 2; Group 3, Adolescence ages 11 to 18, group 3. Results are consistent with previous studies in that children in early childhood and middle childhood who were placed in foster homes were 83% and 87% less likely to achieve placement stability than children in kinship homes, respectively. In early childhood, each additional household member reduced the odds of achieving placement stability by 35%.The caregiver-child relationship did not predict placement stability. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Social Work 2011

abstract: Lipids and free fatty acids (FFA) from cyanobacterium Synechocystis can be used for biofuel (e.g. biodiesel or renewable diesel) production. In order to utilize and scale up this technique, downstream processes including culturing and harvest, cell disruption, and extraction were studied. Several solvents/solvent systems were screened for lipid extraction from Synechocystis. Chloroform + methanol-based Folch and Bligh & Dyer methods were proved to be "gold standard" for small-scale analysis due to their highest lipid recoveries that were confirmed by their penetration of the cell membranes, higher polarity, and stronger interaction with hydrogen bonds. Less toxic solvents, such as methanol and MTBE, or direct transesterification of biomass (without pre-extraction step) gave only slightly lower lipid-extraction yields and can be considered for large-scale application. Sustained exposure to high and low temperature extremes severely lowered the biomass and lipid productivity. Temperature stress also triggered changes of lipid quality such as the degree of unsaturation; thus, it affected the productivities and quality of Synechocystis-derived biofuel. Pulsed electric field (PEF) was evaluated for cell disruption prior to lipid extraction. A treatment intensity > 35 kWh/m3 caused significant damage to the plasma membrane, cell wall, and thylakoid membrane, and it even led to complete disruption of some cells into fragments. Treatment by PEF enhanced the potential for the low-toxicity solvent isopropanol to access lipid molecules during subsequent solvent extraction, leading to lower usage of isopropanol for the same extraction efficiency. Other cell-disruption methods also were tested. Distinct disruption effects to the cell envelope, plasma membrane, and thylakoid membranes were observed that were related to extraction efficiency. Microwave and ultrasound had significant enhancement of lipid extraction. Autoclaving, ultrasound, and French press caused significant release of lipid into the medium, which may increase solvent usage and make medium recycling difficult. Production of excreted FFA by mutant Synechocystis has the potential of reducing the complexity of downstream processing. Major problems, such as FFA precipitation and biodegradation by scavengers, account for FFA loss in operation. Even a low concentration of FFA scavengers could consume FFA at a high rate that outpaced FFA production rate. Potential strategies to overcome FFA loss include high pH, adsorptive resin, and sterilization techniques. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2011

Os empreendimentos de retrofit vem ganhando destaque dentro do segmento de construção habitacional, dado o aumento de idade do estoque existente. A gestão de empreendimentos de retrofit apresenta muitos desafios, principalmente quando a execução da obra ocorre em edificações ocupadas. Em geral, há muitos desafios ligados às perturbações causadas aos usuários destas edificações. Alguns estudos realizados indicam que o Building Information Modeling (BIM) tem contribuído para a gestão da produção de empreendimentos novos. Entretanto, no âmbito de retrofit, o BIM tem sido pouco explorado, principalmente quanto ao uso de modelagem 4D no processo de produção. O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em propor recomendações para o uso de BIM 4D na gestão da produção de empreendimentos habitacionais de retrofit. Tais recomendações tem como propósito auxiliar tomadores de decisão envolvidos na gestão deste tipo de empreendimento, particularmente no que se refere à identificação e minimização de perturbações que afetam os usuários finais durante a obra. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada neste trabalho foi a Design Science Research, na qual se buscou o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de prescrições para um problema real. Considerando o caráter exploratório desta pesquisa e algumas limitações no estudo empírico, a fase de compreensão do problema teve maior destaque do que a fase de implementação da solução. O estudo empírico foi realizado em uma obra na Irlanda do Norte, sendo que diferentes cenários de execução foram propostos para a execução da obra, utilizando BIM 4D para a identificação e redução das perturbações para os usuários finais. Entre as principais contribuições do trabalho, pode-se destacar a caracterização das perturbações causadas durante as obras de retrofit quando ocupadas pelos usuários, assim como o uso de cenários simulados com o uso de BIM 4D, na análise de planos alternativos nas etapas de projeto e produção. / There has been a growing interest in retrofit projects in the house building sector, given the increasing age of the existing building stock. In general, retrofit projects bring a number of challenges, especially when works are carried out in occupied buildings. Much of these challenges are related to disruptions caused to occupiers. Previous studies have indicated that Building Information Modeling (BIM) has contributed substantially in production management for new projects. However, the application of BIM in retrofit has not been much explored, especially concerning the use of 4D modelling to simulate production processes. The objective of this dissertation is to propose a set of guidelines for using 4D BIM for managing production in housing retrofit projects. Such recommendations were devised to support decision makers involved in the management of this type of project, particularly regarding the identification and minimization of disruptions that affect final users during the construction stage. Design Science Research was the research approach adopted in this investigation, in which a set of prescriptios were proposed for the solution of real problems. In the present study, the solution is a set of guidelines to be adopted by managers. Considering the exploratory character of this research work, and some limitations in the empirical study, the understanding the problem was the more emphasized than the implementation of the solution. The empirical study was developed in a construction project carried out in Nothern Ireland, in which different scenarios for the construction phase were developed using 4D BIM models, in order to identify and reduce disruptions to the end users. The main contributions of this investigation were related to the characterization of different types of disruption, and the use of scenarios simulated in BIM models developed for analyzing alternative plans during the design and production stages.

Orientador: João Lauro Viana de Camargo / Banca: Antonio Francisco Godinho / Banca: Lourival Larini / Acompanha 1 CD-Rom / Resumo: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial de desregulação endócrina de uma mistura de cinco praguicidas, fornecidos a ratos Lewis macho via ração em nível de seus NOELs. Os praguicidas estudados foram encontrados pela ANVISA em tomates à disposição do consumidor brasileiro. Os animais foram distribuídos em 8 grupos de acordo com a ração experimental, da seguinte maneira: Grupo 1 - ração basal, sem contaminantes; Grupo 2 ("Baixas doses", praguicidas adicionados à ração em nível de seus respectivos NOELs) - diclorvós 0,23 mg/kg, dicofol 0,22 mg/kg, endosulfan 0,6 mg/kg, dieldrin 0,025 mg/kg, permetrina 5,0 mg/kg; Grupo 3 ("Doses efetivas", correspondentes aos respectivos LOEL/LOAEL) - diclorvós 2,3 mg/kg, dicofol 2,5 mg/kg, endosulfan 2,9 mg/kg, dieldrin 0,05 mg/kg, permetrina 25,0 mg/kg e Grupos 4 a 8 (controles positivo) - rações contendo cada praguicida separadamente, em concentrações correspondentes aos seus respectivos LOEL/ LOAEL. Os animais foram sacrificados no final da 8ª. semana de tratamento. O modelo utilizado permitiu verificar que os praguicidas estudados, individualmente ou em misturas em "doses baixas" e em "doses efetivas", provocam alterações variadas na próstata, testículos e fígado. No entanto, a mistura "baixas doses", constituída com os praguicidas em nível de seus NOELs, não diferiu, grosso modo, dos efeitos verificados com a mistura "doses efetivas", em que os praguicidas foram adicionados em níveis de LOEL/LOAELs. Questões de delineamento, como idade dos animais e duração do experimento, podem ter influenciado os resultados, reduzindo a magnitude e significância das alterações encontradas. / Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the potential for endocrine disruption of a mixture of five pesticides at their NOELs levels given to Lewis rats through the feed. The pesticides studied were found by ANVISA in tomatoes available at the counter to Brazilian customers. The animals were allocated to 8 groups according to the experimental feed: Group 1 - basal feed, without contaminants; Group 2 ("Low doses"; pesticides were added to the feed at their respective NOEL levels) - dichlorvos 0,23 mg/kg; dicofol 0,22 mg/kg, endosulfan 0,6 mg/kg, dieldrin 0,025 mg/kg, permethrin 5,0 mg/kg; Group 3 ("Effective doses"; corresponding to their respectives LOEL/LOAELs) - dichlorvos 2,3 mg/kg, dicofol 2,5 mg/kg, endosulfan 2,9 mg/kg, dieldrin 0,05 mg/kg, permethrin 25,0 mg/kg and Groups 4 to 8 (positive controls) - feed containing each pesticide separately, at concentrations corresponding to their respective LOEL/LOAELs. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the eighth week of treatment. The model used allowed to verify that the pesticides studied, separated or at "low" or "efective doses" induce a variety of alterations in the prostate, testes and liver. However, the effects verified at the "low doses" did not differ from those registered at the "effective doses". Questions of experiment design, animal's age at the beginning of the experiment and experiment length might have influenced the results, reducing the magnitude and meaning of the alterations found. / Mestre

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12200号 / 論工博第3989号 / 新制||工||1438(附属図書館) / 26272 / UT51-2008-C970 / (主査)教授 今中 忠行, 教授 青山 安宏, 教授 森 泰生 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

Achieving microbial compliance levels in biosolids storage is complicated by the unpredictable increase of Escherichia coli (E. coli), which serves as an important indicator for pathogen presence risk. Meeting required microbial specifications validates sludge treatment processes and ensures that a safe product is applied to agricultural land. Controlled indicator monitoring provides confidence for farmers, retailers and the food industry, safeguarding the sludge-to-land application route. Following mechanical dewatering biosolids products are stored before microbial compliance testing permits agricultural application. During storage, concentrations of E. coli bacteria can become elevated and prevent the product from meeting the conventional or enhanced levels of treatment outlined in The Safe Sludge Matrix guidelines. Literature research identified innate characteristics of sludge and ambient environmental parameters of storage which are factors likely to influence E. coli behaviour in stored biosolids. The research hypothesis tested whether E. coli growth and death in dewatered sewage sludge can be controlled by the modification of physical-chemical factors in the cake storage environment. Parameters including nutrient availability, temperature, moisture content and atmospheric influences were investigated through a series of laboratory-scale experiments. Controlled dewatering and the assessment of modified storage environments using traditional microbial plating and novel flow cytometry analysis have been performed. At an operational scale, pilot trials and up-scaled monitoring of the sludge storage environment have been conducted enabling verification of laboratory results. Understanding the dynamics of cell health within the sludge matrix in relation to nutrient availability has provided a valuable understanding of the mechanisms that may be affecting bacterial growth post-dewatering. The importance of elevated storage temperatures on E. coli death rates and results showing the benefits of a controlled atmosphere storage environment provide important considerations for utilities.

Submitted by Daniele Santos (danielesantos.htl@gmail.com) on 2017-01-18T19:14:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Belen Gallego .docx: 3702355 bytes, checksum: 2c55508bd93b9406cf83d52d1b05b1ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-01-24T13:26:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Belen Gallego .docx: 3702355 bytes, checksum: 2c55508bd93b9406cf83d52d1b05b1ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T18:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Belen Gallego .docx: 3702355 bytes, checksum: 2c55508bd93b9406cf83d52d1b05b1ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-10 / This thesis analyses the case studies of disruptive energy companies SolarCity, RWE and d.light to identify whether each of them fit into one of the academic disruption models: ● Disruption from below. This theory maintains that disruption is when substandard or ‘inferior’ technology ● Disruption from above. This theory starts with a superior product or service which is much more capable than the existing mainstream technology provided ● Big Bang disruption, when products or services have both better performance and lower price and more customization than existing mainstream markets Analysing the SolarCity case study, it seems to fit well in a ‘Big Bang disruption’ model as it clearly changed the rules from day one by making available a completely different service from what the customers of utilities were used to. RWE suffered fits into the ‘disruption from above’ model because clean energy was providing an added value that fossil fuels could not. RWE is now looking to become the disruptor themselves. Analysing the d.light case, it appears in terms of technology the disruption fits in with the ‘disruption from below’ model. d.light works because it is very specific to the particular customer base that they serves and it would be unlike to succeed if the context was different or there was an alternative.

Os empreendimentos de retrofit vem ganhando destaque dentro do segmento de construção habitacional, dado o aumento de idade do estoque existente. A gestão de empreendimentos de retrofit apresenta muitos desafios, principalmente quando a execução da obra ocorre em edificações ocupadas. Em geral, há muitos desafios ligados às perturbações causadas aos usuários destas edificações. Alguns estudos realizados indicam que o Building Information Modeling (BIM) tem contribuído para a gestão da produção de empreendimentos novos. Entretanto, no âmbito de retrofit, o BIM tem sido pouco explorado, principalmente quanto ao uso de modelagem 4D no processo de produção. O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em propor recomendações para o uso de BIM 4D na gestão da produção de empreendimentos habitacionais de retrofit. Tais recomendações tem como propósito auxiliar tomadores de decisão envolvidos na gestão deste tipo de empreendimento, particularmente no que se refere à identificação e minimização de perturbações que afetam os usuários finais durante a obra. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada neste trabalho foi a Design Science Research, na qual se buscou o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de prescrições para um problema real. Considerando o caráter exploratório desta pesquisa e algumas limitações no estudo empírico, a fase de compreensão do problema teve maior destaque do que a fase de implementação da solução. O estudo empírico foi realizado em uma obra na Irlanda do Norte, sendo que diferentes cenários de execução foram propostos para a execução da obra, utilizando BIM 4D para a identificação e redução das perturbações para os usuários finais. Entre as principais contribuições do trabalho, pode-se destacar a caracterização das perturbações causadas durante as obras de retrofit quando ocupadas pelos usuários, assim como o uso de cenários simulados com o uso de BIM 4D, na análise de planos alternativos nas etapas de projeto e produção. / There has been a growing interest in retrofit projects in the house building sector, given the increasing age of the existing building stock. In general, retrofit projects bring a number of challenges, especially when works are carried out in occupied buildings. Much of these challenges are related to disruptions caused to occupiers. Previous studies have indicated that Building Information Modeling (BIM) has contributed substantially in production management for new projects. However, the application of BIM in retrofit has not been much explored, especially concerning the use of 4D modelling to simulate production processes. The objective of this dissertation is to propose a set of guidelines for using 4D BIM for managing production in housing retrofit projects. Such recommendations were devised to support decision makers involved in the management of this type of project, particularly regarding the identification and minimization of disruptions that affect final users during the construction stage. Design Science Research was the research approach adopted in this investigation, in which a set of prescriptios were proposed for the solution of real problems. In the present study, the solution is a set of guidelines to be adopted by managers. Considering the exploratory character of this research work, and some limitations in the empirical study, the understanding the problem was the more emphasized than the implementation of the solution. The empirical study was developed in a construction project carried out in Nothern Ireland, in which different scenarios for the construction phase were developed using 4D BIM models, in order to identify and reduce disruptions to the end users. The main contributions of this investigation were related to the characterization of different types of disruption, and the use of scenarios simulated in BIM models developed for analyzing alternative plans during the design and production stages.

abstract: Arcadia Elementary School is an urban Title 1 school that serves 800 students in kindergarten through eighth grade. The school uses a commercial program called Make Your Day to manage student behavior. This program, aligned to the tenets of Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS), meets the needs of most students but not the most frequent classroom disruptors. This mixed methods participatory action research study explores the how an understanding of a frequently disruptive student's ecology can lead to more effective support and improved behavioral outcomes. The Behavior Intervention Team process consists of effective data tracking tools and practices and a team-based, data-driven approach to student behavior analysis and is a model for how urban schools can leverage existing resources to better support disruptive students. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Leadership and Innovation 2015