No / Supply chain resilience has been suggested to curb the impact of disruptions on supply chains. While this proposition seems coherent in theory, empirical evidence supporting this is limited, as existing literature has centred on exploring the impact of supply chain resilience on disruptions which are based on set time frames, non-supply chain specific as well as examining non-dynamic disruptive events. This study contends that resilience strategies are dynamic and as such their applications within supply chains differ. Therefore examining the impact of resilience will be appropriate on a dynamic disruption within a specific supply chain. In view of this, the paper examines through existing literature the applicability of agility within the pharmaceutical supply chain when dynamic disruptions like drug shortages occur. The study finds alertness, accessibility, connectivity and visibility as dimensions of supply chain agility that are capable of reducing the impact of drug shortages.

Yes / Purpose The objective of this study was to advance our knowledge of pharmaceutical supply chain resilience using Complex Adaptive System theory (CAS). Design/methodology/approach An exploratory research design which adopted a qualitative approach was used to achieve the study’s research objective. Qualitative data were gathered through 23 semi-structured interviews with key supply chain actors across the PSC in the United Kingdom (UK). Findings The findings demonstrate that CAS, as a theory, provides a systemic approach to understanding PSC resilience by taking into consideration the various elements (environment, PSC characteristics, vulnerabilities and resilience strategies) that make up the entire system. It also provides explanations for key findings, like the impact of power, conflict and complexity in the PSC, which are influenced by the interactions between supply chain actors and as such increase its susceptibility to the negative impact of disruption. Furthermore, the antecedents for building resilience strategies were the outcome of the decision-making process referred to as co-evolution from a CAS perspective. Originality/value Based on the data collected, the study was able to reflect on the relationships, interactions and interfaces between actors in the PSC using the CAS theory, which supports the proposition that resilience strategies can be adopted by supply chain actors to enhance this service supply chain. This is a novel empirical study of resilience across multiple levels of the PSC and as such adds valuable new knowledge about the phenomenon and the use of CAS theory as a vehicle for exploration and knowledge construction in other supply chains.

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of educators with respect to student experiences between March 2020 and February 2021 related to academics, social-emotional health, and safety and security. Data collection strategies included one-on-one interviews with 12 educators in one East Tennessee school district. To qualify for the study, participants had to have taught during COVID-19 schooling disruptions and have taught either 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th grade in the 2022-23 school year. Data analysis was based on Systems Theory (Laszlo & Krippner, 1998) and Change Theory (Fullan, 2020). The results revealed 5 key themes that were consistent among educators participating in the interviews and their perceptions of student experiences: (a) technology, (b) uncertainty, (c) engagement, (d) isolation, and (e) gratitude.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore order fulfilment under the pressure of disruptionin the supply chain of international private organisations in the context of economic sanctions. Aconcept’s development was intended with the newest academic stud ies when the paper was written. Methodology and approach - It is an empirical research which uses qualitative methods ofresearch. The methods are an integrative literature review and case studies with interviews ofcompanies’ workers on companies facing e nvironmental and economic sanctions. Findings - The private companies prepare the supply chain disruptions mainly after encounteringsuch problems. The strategies against the disruptions amongst the network improve the resilient.The risk mitigation and th e management of this type of crisis are discovered in this study. Research limitations and implications - The low number of respondents and authors reduces theimpact and the possibilities of the research. The methods used limit the results as well as thesampling method. Practical implications - The theories and strategies built from previous researches are facing thecases of companies. And it shows that the access to various markets by the companies have alsoeffects on the reactivity of the supply chain of the companies. Originality or value - The context of supply chain disruptions in environmental disruptions andeconomic sanctions in the case of European sanctions against the Russian federation and coups inAfrica are explored. Type of paper - Master thesis with empirical research.

Pharmaceutical supply chains are susceptible to disruptions which impact on the operational and financial performance of firms as well as patient safety. This study aimed to explore why the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (PSC) in the UK is susceptible to the impact of dynamic disruptions and examine how resilience strategies have were employed to reduce the effects of these disruptions. The Complex Adaptive System (CAS) theory was used as a framework in an exploratory research design using mixed-methods. The qualitative data were gathered through 23 semi-structured interviews with key supply chain actors across the PSC in the UK to explore their experiences. The findings from these semi-structured interviews were used to develop a survey which was distributed to a broader spectrum of supply chain actors where the final sample from the survey was (n=106). The data were triangulated to discuss the research findings. The initial results revealed power, conflict and complexities as drivers of vulnerabilities in the PSC. Antecedents for building resilience strategies included visibility, flexibility and joint decision making as recovery strategies and resource sharing as the resistance strategy. CAS provided a systemic approach to understanding PSC resilience rather than in parts. In doing so, it took into consideration the various elements that make up the entire system. Thus, vulnerabilities and resilience strategies were outcomes of the interactions between supply chain actors. The findings demonstrated that CAS, as a theory, provided a framework that was beneficial in exploring and gaining insights into PSC resilience. Also, by combining the two datasets (interviews and survey), an original output was proposed -the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Resilience Framework (PSCRF)- which was used to recommend resilience strategies suitable for mitigating disruptions in the PSC.

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Globalisation and outsourcing have exacerbated the complexity of supply chains (Christopher, 2016). As a result, new business models have emerged to reduce the complexity of the supply chain by utilising supply chain management solutions. These business models serve as links in the supply chain that facilitate the integration of the functions of the primary organisation with those of other organisations. When disruptions occur in the supply chain, several parties are impacted. In this situation, supply chain and risk management methodologies can assist in assessing internal and external aspects during disruptive events. To understand the perspective of logistics service providers, this thesis examines Schenker Dedicated Services and Samskip's perceptions of disruptive events, the effects of these events, and how resilience plans are developed. In this context, a logistics service provider is an underlying link that helps its clients by applying supply chain management strategies such as coordinating, integrating, establishing connections, and cooperating.  We assembled a panel of supply chain practitioners with different roles at third-party and fourth-party logistics companies to investigate these factors. This panel had a role in our qualitative investigation and expressed their perspectives. It was discovered that their views of interruptions in the supply chain are comparable but slightly different. These discrepancies may be attributable to the company's business style, logistical networks, and geographic location. / Globalisering och outsourcing har gjort leveranskedjorna svårare (Christopher, 2016). Följaktligen har det växt fram nya affärsmodeller för att minimera komplexiteten i försörjningskedjan genom försörjningskedjehanterings verktyg. Dessa affärsmodeller fungerar som länkar i försörjningskedjan som i sin tur hjälper till att integrera den primära organisationens funktioner i andra organisationer. När störningar uppstår i försörjningskedjan påverkas många inblandade parter. I detta fall kan tillvägagångssätten för försörjningskedje - och riskhantering hjälpa till att mäta de interna och externa faktorerna under störningar. Schenker Dedicated Services och Samskips utformar den underliggande länken i försörjningskedjan. Detta leder till ett fokus på hanteringen av försörjningskedjan genom att samordna, integrera, upprätta länkar och samarbeta. Genom att undersöka Schenker Dedicated Services och Samskips uppfattning om störande händelser, dess effekter och hur motståndsplaner utformas fastställs logistiktjänsteleverantörernas perspektiv.  För att undersöka dessa faktorer valde vi en grupp av personer som är insatta med roller inom Schenker Dedicated Services som är ett fjärdepartslogistik företag och Samskip som är ett företag med inslag av tredjepartslogistik och fjärdepartslogistiks verksamhet. Gruppen var med i vår kvalitativa studie och delade sina uppfattningar kring ämnet. Det visade sig att de har liknande uppfattningar om störningar i leveranskedjan men med små skillnader. Dessa skillnader kan ha kopplingar till arten av företagets affärsmodell, deras logistiska nätverk såväl som deras geografiska område.

This dissertation consists of three papers related to firms' resiliency to supply chain disruptions. The first paper seeks to evaluate the effects of supply chain disruptions on firms' performance by using a recent dataset of supply chain disruptions. To this end, we analyzed operating and stock market performances of over 300 firms that experienced a supply chain disruption during 2005 to the end of 2014. The results show that supply chain disruptions are still associated with a significant decrease in operating income, return on sales, return on assets, sales, and a negative performance in total assets. Supply chain disruptions are also associated with a significant negative abnormal stock return on the day of the supply chain disruption announcements. These results are in line with previous findings in the literature. In the second paper, in order to provide a more detailed characterization of negative impacts of disruptions on firms' performance, we develop three complementary measures of system loss: the initial loss due to the disruption, the maximum loss, and the total loss over time. Then, we utilize the contingent resource-based view to evaluate the moderating effects of operational slack and operational scope on the relationship between the severity of supply chain disruptions and the three complementary measures of system loss. We find that maintaining certain aspects of operational slack and broadening business scope can affect these different measures of loss in different ways, although these effects are contingent on the disruptions' severity. The third paper examines relationships between the origin of supply chain disruptions, firms' past experience, and the negative impacts of supply chain disruptions on firms' performance. This third study shows that the impact of external and internal supply chain disruptions on firms' performance can be different when firms do and do not have past experience with similar events. For example, the results show that past experience significantly decreases initial loss, recovery time, and total loss over time experienced by firms after internal disruptions, although past experience may not decrease initial loss, recovery time, and total loss over time in the case of external disruptions. / Ph. D.

Supply chain disruptions are detrimental to the performance of companies due to the associated loss of profitability and reduced sustainability. In 2016, organizations lost at least $1.2 million in a single supply chain disruption. Guided by the contingency theory of fit, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to explore the strategies agribusiness managers use to prevent and mitigate the effects of disruptions in the agro-food supply chains. A total of 5 purposefully-selected agribusiness managers from Harare, Zimbabwe participated in semistructured interviews. Participants were senior agribusiness managers who implemented successful strategies for preventing and mitigating the effects of disruptions in agro-food supply chains. Three themes emerged from the thematic analysis of interview data and review of organizational documents: collaboration among supply chain partners, business continuity management, and the use of a multiple supplier base. Agribusiness managers must first understand the sources of disruption risk, assess the impact of the risk, and then select an appropriate strategy based on the level of uncertainty and risk. By managing the risks effectively, managers can improve the performance and competitiveness of their businesses. The implications for positive social change may include a reduction in supply chain costs, provision of better services and products to consumers, and lower prices of agro-food products to consumers which could lead to an improvement in the lives of consumers.