O uso de ferramentas de simulação para validar projetos de sistemas digitais é uma prática comum, devido às vantagens que estas trazem ao desenvolvimento destes sistemas, tais como: custo, segurança, velocidade e acuracidade. Porém, a simulação seqüencial de alguns sistemas pode levar várias horas ou até mesmo dias, fazendo desta maneira surgir a necessidade de técnicas para acelerar tal procedimento. Uma solução encontrada para aumentar a velocidade de simulação pode estar no uso de técnicas de sistemas distribuídos, já que muitas vezes o próprio sistema real tem embutido em si um certo paralelismo, o que facilita os procedimentos de distribuição. Ao se tratar da simulação de sistemas distribuídos logo surge um dos grandes problemas inerentes a estes, o controle global do tempo, fazendo com que a sincronização entre os processos seja bastante complicada. Neste trabalho são estudados dois paradigmas de sincronização, o otimista e o conservativo. Tendo como base estes paradigmas, formularam-se duas técnicas para solucionar o problema de sincronização, no contexto da simulação multinível de sistemas digitais. Nos estudos realizados, utilizou-se como plataforma a API WinSock para Windows a fim de proporcionar a comunicação entre processos. Ao final é feita uma análise comparativa das versões desenvolvidas, as quais fizeram uso das técnicas de sincronização acima mencionadas. / The use of simulation tools to validate the design of digital systems is a common practice, due to the benefits these tools bring to the development of those systems: cost, security, velocity, and accuracy. However, the sequential simulation of some systems may take hours or even days, thus creating the need of techniques for speeding up this procedure. A solution for increasing the simulation speed may be the use of techniques based on distributed systems, since very often the real system has an implicit parallelism, which makes easier the aplication of distribution procedures. When dealing with the simulation of distributed systems, one of the big problems that arise is the global control of simulation time, which makes the synchronization among processes very complex. In this work two synchronization paradigms are studied: the optimist and the conservative ones. Based on these paradigms, two techniques for solving the problem of synchronization in the context of multi-level simulation of digital systems have been developed. In these studies, the API WinSock for Windows has been used for supporting the communication between processes. A comparative analysis of the versions we developed, that use the above mentioned synchronization techniques, is also presented.

Le système d'exploitation (OS) est un concept bien connu en informatique comme interface entre l'Homme et le matériel informatique (MacOS, Windows, IOS, Android, ...). Dans le but de développer la future génération de systèmes d'entreprise basés sur les principes de l'IoT et du Cyber-Physique, cette thèse propose de développer un système d'exploitation d'entreprise « System d’Exploitation des Entreprises » (EOS); Contrairement à ERP, qui est défini comme un programme qui permet à l'organisation au niveau opérationnel d'utiliser un système d'applications intégrées afin d'automatiser de nombreuses fonctions liées à la technologie et aux services, EOS servira d'interface entre les gestionnaires d'entreprise et les ressources d'entreprise pour le suivi en temps réel et le contrôle des opérations.Nous présenterons d'abord le contexte, les priorités, les défis et les résultats escomptés. Ensuite, un ensemble d'exigences et de fonctionnalités d'EOS est décrit. Après, un état de l’art existant sur les travaux pertinents est donné et mis en correspondance avec les exigences spécifiées liées à EOS. Par la suite, et en fonction des exigences et des résultats, les architectures conceptuelle, technique et d’implantation sont décrites, y compris tous les composants internes et externes. La dernière partie présenteront deux exemples dans les secteurs bancaire et manufacturier pour illustrer l'utilisation de l'EOS. / Operating System (OS) is a well-known concept in computer science as an interface between human and computer hardware (MacOS, Windows, IOS, Android,…). In the perspective of developing future generation of enterprise systems based on IoT and Cyber-Physical System principles, this doctorate research proposes to develop an Enterprise Operating System (EOS); Unlike ERP, which is defined as a platform that allows the organization at the operational level to use a system of integrated applications in order to automate many back office functions related to technology and services, EOS will act as an interface between enterprise business managers and enterprise resources for real time monitoring and control of enterprise operations.The thesis presents at first the context, priorities, challenges and expected results. Then a set of requirements and functionalities of EOS is described. After that, a survey on existing relevant works is given and mapped to the specified requirements related to EOS. Afterwards, and based on the requirements and state-of-the-art results, the EOS conceptual, technical and implementation architectures are outlined including all internal and external components. The last part draws two examples in the banking and manufacturing sectors to illustrate the use of the EOS.

O uso de ferramentas de simulação para validar projetos de sistemas digitais é uma prática comum, devido às vantagens que estas trazem ao desenvolvimento destes sistemas, tais como: custo, segurança, velocidade e acuracidade. Porém, a simulação seqüencial de alguns sistemas pode levar várias horas ou até mesmo dias, fazendo desta maneira surgir a necessidade de técnicas para acelerar tal procedimento. Uma solução encontrada para aumentar a velocidade de simulação pode estar no uso de técnicas de sistemas distribuídos, já que muitas vezes o próprio sistema real tem embutido em si um certo paralelismo, o que facilita os procedimentos de distribuição. Ao se tratar da simulação de sistemas distribuídos logo surge um dos grandes problemas inerentes a estes, o controle global do tempo, fazendo com que a sincronização entre os processos seja bastante complicada. Neste trabalho são estudados dois paradigmas de sincronização, o otimista e o conservativo. Tendo como base estes paradigmas, formularam-se duas técnicas para solucionar o problema de sincronização, no contexto da simulação multinível de sistemas digitais. Nos estudos realizados, utilizou-se como plataforma a API WinSock para Windows a fim de proporcionar a comunicação entre processos. Ao final é feita uma análise comparativa das versões desenvolvidas, as quais fizeram uso das técnicas de sincronização acima mencionadas. / The use of simulation tools to validate the design of digital systems is a common practice, due to the benefits these tools bring to the development of those systems: cost, security, velocity, and accuracy. However, the sequential simulation of some systems may take hours or even days, thus creating the need of techniques for speeding up this procedure. A solution for increasing the simulation speed may be the use of techniques based on distributed systems, since very often the real system has an implicit parallelism, which makes easier the aplication of distribution procedures. When dealing with the simulation of distributed systems, one of the big problems that arise is the global control of simulation time, which makes the synchronization among processes very complex. In this work two synchronization paradigms are studied: the optimist and the conservative ones. Based on these paradigms, two techniques for solving the problem of synchronization in the context of multi-level simulation of digital systems have been developed. In these studies, the API WinSock for Windows has been used for supporting the communication between processes. A comparative analysis of the versions we developed, that use the above mentioned synchronization techniques, is also presented.

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This dissertation discusses a software application development framework. The framework supports developing software applications within the context of Joint Command and Control, which includes interoperability with network-centric systems as well as interoperability with existing legacy systems. The next generation of Command and Control systems are expected to be built on common architectures or enterprise middleware. Enterprise middleware does however not directly address integration with legacy Command and Control systems nor does it address integration with existing and future tactical systems like fighter aircraft. The software framework discussed in this dissertation enables existing legacy systems and tactical systems to interoperate with each other; it enables interoperability with the Command and Control enterprise; and it also enables simulated systems to be deployed within a real environment. The framework does all of this through a unique distributed architecture. The architecture supports both system interoperability and the simulation of systems and equipment within the context of Command and Control. This hybrid approach is the key to the success of the framework. There is a strong focus on the quality of the framework and the current implementation has already been successfully applied within the Command and Control environment. The current framework implementation is also supplied on a DVD with this dissertation. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

Esta dissertação apresenta uma proposta de um simulador de modelos de larga escala para o Ambiente de Simulação Distribuída Automático (ASDA), uma ferramenta que facilita a utilização e o desenvolvimento de simulação distribuída e que vem sendo objeto de pesquisas e estudos no Laboratório de Sistemas Distribuídos e Programação Concorrente (LaSDPC) do ICMC-USP. Tal simulador permite ao ASDA a construção de modelos e programas que simulam modelos de redes de filas de larga escala, operações estas que tornam a ferramenta ainda mais completa. O simulador é baseado no padrão público para simulação distribuída de larga escala denominado Scalable Simulation Framework (SSF). O protótipo do simulador desenvolvido é constituído de um programa cliente-servidor, mas podem ser observados três componentes principais: um compilador, que traduz os modelos escritos em linguagem de modelagem para linguagem C++; o módulo SSF que define a API utilizada pelos programas de simulação; e um módulo de execução, que executa os programas de simulação, analisa os resultados e os repassa para um gerador de relatórios. O simulador contribui ainda com mais estudos acerca de simulação, simulação distribuída e modelagem de sistemas utilizando as ferramentas desenvolvidas pelo grupo / This dissertation presents a proposal for a large-scale model simulator, that is integrated into the Automatic Distributed Simulation Environment (ASDA), a tool that supports the development of distributed simulation, and that has been under studies and investigations in the Laboratory of Distributed Systems and Concurrent Programming at ICMC-USP. The proposed simulator allows ASDA to support the development of models and programs that simulates large-scale queuing models, making ASDA more complete and efficient. The simulator is based on a public standard for large-scale distributed simulation named Scalable Simulation Framework (SSF). The simulator prototype that was developed is a client-server program in which we can observe three main components: one compiler, that translates the models written in a modeling language to a simulation program, written in C++ programming language; the SSF library, that defines the API that is used by the simulation programs; and a runtime environment, which runs the simulation programs, analyzes the results and sends the information to a report builder. The simulator prototype also aggregates to the simulation community more studies regarding simulation, distributed simulation, systems modelling using the internal tools developed by our group

This thesis descries the evolution and testing of a fully portable, inductive loop vehicle counter system. As a component of the NFS Embedded Distributed Simulation for Transportation System Management project, the system's cellular modem transmits real-time data to servers at Georgia Institute of Technology. From there, the data can be fed into simulations predicting travel behavior. Researchers revised both the detector circuit, and the temporary, reusable loop pad several times over multiple rounds of field testing. The final tested version of this system demonstrates the efficacy of uncommonly small inductive loops. When paired with a reliable data transmission channel, the system was shown to capture nearly 96% of actual through traffic.

Network emulation has been widely used to aid in the development and evaluation of real-time applications. Many of today s applications and protocols need to be tested and evaluated in large scale network environments such as the Internet, which requires emulation tools that meet the requirements of scale, accuracy, timeliness. Due to physical resource constraints in network emulators, existing emulation tools fail to meet these requirements as they are either limited to small and static networks, use simplified network models, or fail to deliver timely emulation results. If more physical resources are devoted to network emulation by utilizing high performance computing facilities, the accuracy and scalability of network emulation can be greatly improved. However, for many users, high performance computing facilities may not be readily available in a local laboratory environment, and co-locating application code with a remote high performance computing facility may be cumbersome and inconvenient. This thesis proposes a network emulation approach called ROSENET (RemOte SErver-based Network EmulaTion) that utilizes a distributed server-based architecture in which local low-fidelity emulators provide real-time QoS predictions to distributed applications, coupled with a remote large scale high-fidelity simulator that continuously updates and calibrates the local low-fidelity emulators. A library-based modeling approach based on online simulation data collection is proposed and a system identification modeling technique is presented. Experimental results examining emulation end-to-end delay and loss show that ROSENET provides a promising approach to network emulation supporting accuracy and scale while meeting real-time constraints. Challenges faced in applying ROSENET to real world applications are addressed through two case studies including applying synthetic workload on DARPA s NMS network topology for large scale network simulation and a contemporary real-time distributed VoIP application Skype.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma proposta de um simulador de modelos de larga escala para o Ambiente de Simulação Distribuída Automático (ASDA), uma ferramenta que facilita a utilização e o desenvolvimento de simulação distribuída e que vem sendo objeto de pesquisas e estudos no Laboratório de Sistemas Distribuídos e Programação Concorrente (LaSDPC) do ICMC-USP. Tal simulador permite ao ASDA a construção de modelos e programas que simulam modelos de redes de filas de larga escala, operações estas que tornam a ferramenta ainda mais completa. O simulador é baseado no padrão público para simulação distribuída de larga escala denominado Scalable Simulation Framework (SSF). O protótipo do simulador desenvolvido é constituído de um programa cliente-servidor, mas podem ser observados três componentes principais: um compilador, que traduz os modelos escritos em linguagem de modelagem para linguagem C++; o módulo SSF que define a API utilizada pelos programas de simulação; e um módulo de execução, que executa os programas de simulação, analisa os resultados e os repassa para um gerador de relatórios. O simulador contribui ainda com mais estudos acerca de simulação, simulação distribuída e modelagem de sistemas utilizando as ferramentas desenvolvidas pelo grupo / This dissertation presents a proposal for a large-scale model simulator, that is integrated into the Automatic Distributed Simulation Environment (ASDA), a tool that supports the development of distributed simulation, and that has been under studies and investigations in the Laboratory of Distributed Systems and Concurrent Programming at ICMC-USP. The proposed simulator allows ASDA to support the development of models and programs that simulates large-scale queuing models, making ASDA more complete and efficient. The simulator is based on a public standard for large-scale distributed simulation named Scalable Simulation Framework (SSF). The simulator prototype that was developed is a client-server program in which we can observe three main components: one compiler, that translates the models written in a modeling language to a simulation program, written in C++ programming language; the SSF library, that defines the API that is used by the simulation programs; and a runtime environment, which runs the simulation programs, analyzes the results and sends the information to a report builder. The simulator prototype also aggregates to the simulation community more studies regarding simulation, distributed simulation, systems modelling using the internal tools developed by our group

Cette thèse propose une approche d’ingénierie consistant à paralléliser des simulateurs DEVS existants, sans être obligé de modifier les algorithmes de l’implémentation initiale, mais en injectant des composants additionnels adaptés au protocole de communication intercomposants en vigueur. Les algorithmes de simulation de ces nouveaux composants appelés « Manteaux », sont définis. Une démarche d’ingénierie permettant de systématiser le passage d’une implémentation à sa contrepartie parallèle et distribuée est ensuite proposée. Cette démarche s’appuie sur les principes de méta modélisation et de transformation de modèles inspirés de l’Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM). Sa généricité en garantit la réutilisabilité avec tout simulateur séquentiel DEVS. / This thesis proposes an engineering approach to parallelize existing DEVS simulators without having to modify the algorithms of the initial implementation, but by injecting additional components suitable for inter-component communication protocol into force. The simulation algorithms of these new components called "Coats" are defined.An engineering approach to systematize the passage from one implementation to its counterpart parallel and distributed is then proposed. This approach is based on metamodeling and models transformation principles inspired of Model Driven Engineering (MDE). Its genericity guarantees the reusability with any sequential DEVS simulator.